Caterpillar-induced rice volatiles provide enemy-free space for the offspring of the brown planthopper

Plants typically release large quantities of volatiles in response to herbivory by insects. This benefits the plants by, for instance, attracting the natural enemies of the herbivores. We show that the brown planthopper (BPH) has cleverly turned this around by exploiting herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) that provide safe havens for its offspring. BPH females preferentially oviposit on rice plants already infested by the rice striped stem borer (SSB), which are avoided by the egg parasitoid Anagrus nilaparvatae, the most important natural enemy of BPH. Using synthetic versions of volatiles identified from plants infested by BPH and/or SSB, we demonstrate the role of HIPVs in these interactions. Moreover, greenhouse and field cage experiments confirm the adaptiveness of the BPH oviposition strategy, resulting in 80% lower parasitism rates of its eggs. Besides revealing a novel exploitation of HIPVs, these findings may lead to novel control strategies against an exceedingly important rice pest.

Download Full-text

UJI COBA APLIKASI MODEL CLIMEX 1.1 UNTUK MENGANALISIS POTENSI PENYEBARAN HAMA WERENG BATANG COKLAT DAN PENGGEREK BATANG PADI PUTIHRUNNING TEST OF CLIMEX 1.1 TO ANALYZE POTENCY OF RICE PEST DISTRIBUTION OF BROWN PLANTHOPPER AND WHITE STEM BORER

Agromet ◽

10.29244/j.agromet.18.2.58-67 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 58

Author(s):

Yonny Koesmaryono ◽

Asmari Amasih ◽

Wido Hanggoro ◽

I. Impron

Keyword(s):

Full Text ◽

Brown Planthopper ◽

Stem Borer ◽

Rice Pest ◽

Pdf Format

Abstract is available in the full text (pdf format)

Download Full-text

Host quality induces phenotypic plasticity in a wing polyphenic insect

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1721473115 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 115 (29) ◽

pp. 7563-7568 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Xinda Lin ◽

Yili Xu ◽

Jianru Jiang ◽

Mark Lavine ◽

Laura Corley Lavine

Keyword(s):

Phenotypic Plasticity ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Evolutionary Ecology ◽

Brown Planthopper ◽

Wing Development ◽

Host Quality ◽

Rice Plants ◽

Rice Pest ◽

Wing Growth

Food quality is a critical environmental condition that impacts an animal’s growth and development. Many insects facing this challenge have evolved a phenotypically plastic, adaptive response. For example, many species of insect exhibit facultative wing growth, which reflects a physiological and evolutionary trade-off between dispersal and reproduction, triggered by environmental conditions. What the environmental cues are and how they are transduced to produce these alternative forms, and their associated ecological shift from dispersal to reproduction, remains an important unsolved problem in evolutionary ecology. In this study, we investigated the role that host quality has on the induction of wing development in a wing polyphenic insect exhibiting strong tradeoffs in investment between dispersal and reproduction, the brown planthopper, a serious rice pest in Asia. As rice plants grow, the short-winged brown planthopper dominates the population, but a shift occurs as the plants mature and senesce in the field such that long-winged brown planthoppers emerge and migrate. It remains unknown how changes in the rice plant induce development of the long-winged morph, despite recent discoveries on the role of the insulin and JNK signaling pathways in wing development. We found that by mimicking the glucose concentration of senescing rice plants, we significantly increased the proportion of long-winged female planthoppers. The effects of glucose on wing morph are additive with previously described effects of density. Our results show that host quality both directly regulates phenotypic plasticity and interacts with other factors such as density to produce the appropriate phenotype for specific environmental conditions.

Download Full-text

Role of the egg parasitoid, Trichogramma evanescens West., release and silica applications in controlling of the stem borer, Chilo agamemnon Bles. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), in rice fields in Egypt

Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control ◽

10.1186/s41938-018-0091-7 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

Author(s):

A. S. Hendawy ◽

M. R. Sherif ◽

A. A. El-Sayed ◽

A. M. Omar ◽

A. S. Taha

Keyword(s):

Stem Borer ◽

Egg Parasitoid ◽

Rice Fields ◽

Trichogramma Evanescens

Download Full-text

Both Allene Oxide Synthases Genes Are Involved in the Biosynthesis of Herbivore-Induced Jasmonic Acid and Herbivore Resistance in Rice

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10030442 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 442

Author(s):

Jiamei Zeng ◽

Tongfang Zhang ◽

Jiayi Huangfu ◽

Ran Li ◽

Yonggen Lou

Keyword(s):

Jasmonic Acid ◽

Brown Planthopper ◽

Transcript Level ◽

Stem Borer ◽

Vital Role ◽

Allene Oxide ◽

Mechanical Wounding ◽

Oxide Synthase ◽

Phloem Feeding

Allene oxide synthase (AOS) is the second enzyme in the biosynthesis of the plant defensive hormone jasmonic acid (JA). In rice, there are two AOSs, OsAOS1 and OsAOS2. However, the role of these two AOS genes in herbivore-induced defenses in rice remains unidentified. We cloned the two rice AOS genes and observed that the transcript level of both OsAOS1 and OsAOS2 was enhanced by mechanical wounding, the infestation of the striped stem borer (SSB) (Chilo suppressalis) or brown planthopper (BPH) (Niaparvata lugens), and treatment with JA; however, OsAOS1 responded more rapidly to SSB infestation and JA treatment than did OsAOS2. The antisense expression of OsAOS1 (as-aos1) or OsAOS2 (as-aos2) decreased levels of SSB- or BPH-induced JA, which, in turn, reduced the production of SSB-induced trypsin protease inhibitor (TrypPI) and volatiles as well as the resistance of rice to SSB. In contrast, BPH preferred to feed and oviposit on wild-type (WT) plants over as-aos1 and as-aos2 plants. Moreover, the survival of BPH nymphs on as-aos1 or as-aos2 lines was significantly lower than on WT plants. The increased resistance of as-aos1 or as-aos2 plants to BPH correlated with higher levels of BPH-induced H2O2 and SA. These results indicate that OsAOS1 and OsAOS2 are both involved in herbivore-induced JA biosynthesis and play a vital role in determining the resistance of rice to chewing and phloem-feeding herbivores.

Download Full-text

The Role of Turnera subulata and Cosmos sulphureus Flowers in the Life of Anagrus nilaparvatae (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae)

Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia ◽

10.22146/jpti.24806 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 43 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wiwik Sugiharti ◽

Y. Andi Trisyono ◽

Edhi Martono ◽

Witjaksono Witjaksono

Keyword(s):

Rice Field ◽

Brown Planthopper ◽

Nilaparvata Lugens ◽

Egg Parasitoid ◽

Hatching Rate ◽

Rice Seedlings ◽

Parasitism Rate ◽

Nilaparvata Lugens Stål

Anagrus nilaparvatae is a potential egg parasitoid to control the rice brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stal.) The parasitoid needs to consume suitable food to maximize its biotic potential and parasitizing ability. This study was aimed to determine the benefits provided by the presence of Turnera subulata and Cosmos sulphureus flowers on the life of A. nilaparvatae. This study consisted of two experiments. The first experiment was designed to determine the effects of the tested flowers on the parasitism and hatching rate of A. nilaparvatae on N. lugens eggs. The flowers were set inside the rearing cage of parasitoid in the presence of N. lugens eggs in Ciherang rice seedlings. In addition, honey and the control (no feed added) were included into the treatments, totalling of four treatments. The parasitism rate of A. nilaparvatae fed with the flowers or honey was similar to those unfed. However, the hatching rate of A. nilaparvatae was much higher on those fed with flower or honey than those unfed. The number of A. nilaparvatae unable to eclose from eggs of N. lugens for the unfed parasitoid was 37.4% in comparison with 8.19 to 15.67% for those fed with flower or honey. The second experiment was a follow-up to address the question on the fitness of progeny of A. nilaparvatae fed with the tested flowers. The flowers and honey did not increase the longevity of A. nilaparvatae progeny. However, A. nilaparvatae fed with flowers or honey produced progeny that resulted in higher number of offspring compared to those unfed. C. sulphureus flower significantly increased the number of offspring produced by A. nilaparvatae. This suggest that the diet of the parental parasitoid determines the fitness of the progeny. Improving the hatching rate and the fecundity of progeny produced by the adults of A. nilaparvatae fed with the flower of T. subulata and C. sulphureus would contribute to the increasing population of this parasitoid which could lead to a better control of N. lugens in the rice field. IntisariAnagrus nilaparvatae merupakan parasitoid telur yang potensial untuk mengendalikan serangan wereng batang cokelat (Nilaparvata lugens Stal.). Parasitoid perlu mendapatkan sumber pakan yang sesuai untuk memaksimalkan potensi biologis dan kemampuan memarasit inang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji manfaat pemberian bunga Turnera subulata dan Cosmos sulphureus pada kehidupan A. nilaparvatae. Penelitian ini terdiri dari dua percobaan. Percobaan pertama dirancang untuk mengetahui pengaruh bunga yang diuji terhadap tingkat parasitasi dan penetasan telur A. nilaparvatae pada telur N. lugens. Bunga diletakkan di dalam tabung rearing parasitoid yang di dalamnya terdapat bibit padi varietas Ciherang yang mengandung telur N. lugens. Selain itu, terdapat pula perlakuan madu dan kontrol (tanpa bunga dan tanpa madu), dengan total empat perlakuan. A. nilaparvate yang diberi pakan bunga atau madu memiliki tingkat parasitasi yang sama dengan yang tidak diberi pakan. Namun, tingkat penetasan telur A. nilaparvatae yang diberi pakan bunga atau madu jauh lebih tinggi daripada yang tidak diberi pakan. Jumlah A. nilaparvatae yang tidak menetas dari telur N. lugens pada parasitoid yang tidak diberi pakan adalah 37,4% dibandingkan dengan parasitoid yang diberi pakan bunga atau madu yang berkisar 8,19 - 15,67%. Percobaan kedua adalah tindak lanjut untuk menjawab pertanyaan tentang kebugaran keturunan A. nilaparvatae yang diberi pakan dengan bunga yang diuji. Bunga dan madu tidak meningkatkan lama hidup keturunan A. nilaparvatae. Namun, A. nilaparvatae yang diberi pakan dengan bunga atau madu menghasilkan keturunan yang memiliki fekunditas lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan keturunan dari A. nilaparvatae yang tidak diberi pakan. Bunga C. sulphureus secara signifikan mampu meningkatkan jumlah keturunan yang dihasilkan oleh A. nilaparvatae. Ini menunjukkan bahwa jenis pakan induk parasitoid menentukan kebugaran keturunannya. Peningkatan penetasan dan fekunditas dari keturunan yang dihasilkan oleh induk A. nilaparvatae yang diberi pakan bunga T. subulata dan C. sulphureus akan berkontribusi pada peningkatan populasi parasitoid sehingga dapat mengendalikan serangan N. lugens di pertanaman padi dengan lebih baik.

Download Full-text