scholarly journals Gamma rhythms and visual information in mouse V1 specifically modulated by somatostatin+ neurons in reticular thalamus

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmood S Hoseini ◽  
Bryan Higashikubo ◽  
Frances S Cho ◽  
Andrew H Chang ◽  
Alexandra Clemente-Perez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus ◽  
Gamma Activity ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Information Encoding ◽  
Selective Visual Attention ◽  
Gamma Rhythms ◽  
Somatostatin Neurons ◽  
Dorsal Lateral Geniculate

Visual perception in natural environments depends on the ability to focus on salient stimuli while ignoring distractions. This kind of selective visual attention is associated with gamma activity in the visual cortex. While the nucleus reticularis thalami (nRT) has been implicated in selective attention, its role in modulating gamma activity in the visual cortex remains unknown. Here we show that somatostatin- (SST) but not parvalbumin-expressing (PV) neurons in the visual sector of the nRT preferentially project to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN), and modulate visual information transmission and gamma activity in primary visual cortex (V1). These findings pinpoint the SST neurons in nRT as powerful modulators of the visual information encoding accuracy in V1, and represent a novel circuit through which the nRT can influence representation of visual information.

scholarly journals Gamma rhythms and visual information in mouse V1 specifically modulated by somatostatin-positive neurons in reticular thalamus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmood S. Hoseini ◽  
Bryan Higashikubo ◽  
Frances S. Cho ◽  
Andrew H. Chang ◽  
Alexandra Clemente-Perez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Visual Perception ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus ◽  
Gamma Activity ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Thalamic Nuclei ◽  
Information Encoding ◽  
Selective Visual Attention ◽  
Dorsal Lateral Geniculate

ABSTRACTVisual perception in natural environments depends on the ability to focus on salient stimuli while ignoring distractions. This kind of selective visual attention is associated with gamma activity in the visual cortex. While the nucleus reticularis thalami (nRT) has been implicated in selective attention, its role in modulating visual perception remains unknown. Here we show that somatostatin-(SOM) but not parvalbumin-expressing (PV) neurons in the nRT preferentially project to visual thalamic nuclei. In freely behaving mice, single-unit and field recordings reveal powerful modulation of both visual information transmission and gamma activity in primary visual cortex (V1), as well as in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN). These findings pinpoint the SOM neurons in nRT as powerful modulators of the visual information encoding accuracy in V1, and represent a novel circuit through which the nRT can influence representation of visual information.

scholarly journals Organization of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus in the mouse

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIEL KERSCHENSTEINER ◽  
WILLIAM GUIDO
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Lateral Geniculate Nucleus ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus ◽  
Retinal Projections ◽  
Lateral Geniculate ◽  
Dorsal Lateral Geniculate ◽  
The Way

AbstractThe dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) of the thalamus is the principal conduit for visual information from retina to visual cortex. Viewed initially as a simple relay, recent studies in the mouse reveal far greater complexity in the way input from the retina is combined, transmitted, and processed in dLGN. Here we consider the structural and functional organization of the mouse retinogeniculate pathway by examining the patterns of retinal projections to dLGN and how they converge onto thalamocortical neurons to shape the flow of visual information to visual cortex.

scholarly journals Extrastriate Connectivity of the Mouse Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Thalamus

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Bienkowski ◽  
Nora L. Benavidez ◽  
Kevin Wu ◽  
Lin Gou ◽  
Marlene Becerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Visual Perception ◽  
Visual System ◽  
Lateral Geniculate Nucleus ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus ◽  
Lateral Geniculate ◽  
Visual Cortices ◽  
Dorsal Lateral Geniculate

AbstractThe mammalian visual system is one of the most well-studied brain systems. Visual information from the retina is relayed to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus (LGd). The LGd then projects topographically to primary visual cortex (VISp) to mediate visual perception. In this view, the VISp is a critical network hub where visual information must traverse LGd-VISp circuits to reach higher-order ‘extrastriate’ visual cortices. However, decades of conflicting reports in a variety of mammals support or refute the existence of extrastriate LGd connections that can bypass the VISp. Here, we provide evidence of bidirectional extrastriate connectivity with the mouse LGd. Using small, discrete coinjections of anterograde and retrograde tracers within the thalamus and cortex, our cross-validated approach identified bidirectional thalamocortical connectivity between LGd and extrastriate visual cortices. Our findings support the existence of extrastriate LGd circuits and provide novel understanding of LGd organization in rodent visual system.

The multifaceted role of inhibitory interneurons in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHARLES L. COX ◽  
JOSEPH A. BEATTY
Keyword(s):  
Glutamate Receptors ◽  
Lateral Geniculate Nucleus ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors ◽  
Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus ◽  
Metabotropic Glutamate ◽  
Lateral Geniculate ◽  
Presynaptic Dendrites ◽  
Dorsal Lateral Geniculate ◽  
Stimulation Of

AbstractIntrinsic interneurons within the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) provide a feed-forward inhibitory pathway for afferent visual information originating from the retina. These interneurons are unique because in addition to traditional axodendritic output onto thalamocortical neurons, these interneurons have presynaptic dendrites that form dendrodendritic synapses onto thalamocortical neurons as well. These presynaptic dendrites, termed F2 terminals, are tightly coupled to the retinogeniculate afferents that synapse onto thalamocortical relay neurons. Retinogeniculate stimulation of F2 terminals can occur through the activation of ionotropic and/or metabotropic glutamate receptors. The stimulation of ionotropic glutamate receptors can occur with single stimuli and produces a short-lasting inhibition of the thalamocortical neuron. By contrast, activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors requires tetanic activation and results in longer-lasting inhibition in the thalamocortical neuron. The F2 terminals are predominantly localized to the distal dendrites of interneurons, and the excitation and output of F2 terminals can occur independent of somatic activity within the interneuron thereby allowing these F2 terminals to serve as independent processors, giving rise to focal inhibition. By contrast, strong transient depolarizations at the soma can initiate a backpropagating calcium-mediated potential that invades the dendritic arbor activating F2 terminals and leading to a global form of inhibition. These distinct types of output, focal versus global, could play an important role in the temporal and spatial roles of inhibition that in turn impacts thalamocortical information processing.

scholarly journals Spatial receptive fields in the retina and dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of mice lacking rods and cones

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 1321-1330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher A. Procyk ◽  
Cyril G. Eleftheriou ◽  
Riccardo Storchi ◽  
Annette E. Allen ◽  
Nina Milosavljevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Degeneration ◽  
Lateral Geniculate Nucleus ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus ◽  
Multielectrode Arrays ◽  
Rods And Cones ◽  
Lateral Geniculate ◽  
Dorsal Lateral Geniculate

In advanced retinal degeneration loss of rods and cones leaves melanopsin-expressing intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) as the only source of visual information. ipRGCs drive non-image-forming responses (e.g., circadian photoentrainment) under such conditions but, despite projecting to the primary visual thalamus [dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN)], do not support form vision. We wished to determine what precludes ipRGCs supporting spatial discrimination after photoreceptor loss, using a mouse model ( rd/rd cl) lacking rods and cones. Using multielectrode arrays, we found that both RGCs and neurons in the dLGN of this animal have clearly delineated spatial receptive fields. In the retina, they are typically symmetrical, lack inhibitory surrounds, and have diameters in the range of 10–30° of visual space. Receptive fields in the dLGN were larger (diameters typically 30–70°) but matched the retinotopic map of the mouse dLGN. Injections of a neuroanatomical tracer (cholera toxin β-subunit) into the dLGN confirmed that retinotopic order of ganglion cell projections to the dLGN and thalamic projections to the cortex is at least superficially intact in rd/rd cl mice. However, as previously reported for deafferented ipRGCs, onset and offset of light responses have long latencies in the rd/rd cl retina and dLGN. Accordingly, dLGN neurons failed to track dynamic changes in light intensity in this animal. Our data reveal that ipRGCs can convey spatial information in advanced retinal degeneration and identify their poor temporal fidelity as the major limitation in their ability to provide information about spatial patterns under natural viewing conditions.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of Plasticity in Subcortical Visual Areas

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3162
Author(s):  
Maël Duménieu ◽  
Béatrice Marquèze-Pouey ◽  
Michaël Russier ◽  
Dominique Debanne
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Plasticity ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus ◽  
Body Movements ◽  
Cortical Areas ◽  
Visual Areas ◽  
Dorsal Lateral Geniculate ◽  
Activity Dependent ◽  
Mechanisms Of Plasticity

Visual plasticity is classically considered to occur essentially in the primary and secondary cortical areas. Subcortical visual areas such as the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) or the superior colliculus (SC) have long been held as basic structures responsible for a stable and defined function. In this model, the dLGN was considered as a relay of visual information travelling from the retina to cortical areas and the SC as a sensory integrator orienting body movements towards visual targets. However, recent findings suggest that both dLGN and SC neurons express functional plasticity, adding unexplored layers of complexity to their previously attributed functions. The existence of neuronal plasticity at the level of visual subcortical areas redefines our approach of the visual system. The aim of this paper is therefore to review the cellular and molecular mechanisms for activity-dependent plasticity of both synaptic transmission and cellular properties in subcortical visual areas.

scholarly journals Hour-long adaptation in the awake early visual system

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 1172-1182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl R. Stoelzel ◽  
Joseph M. Huff ◽  
Yulia Bereshpolova ◽  
Jun Zhuang (庄骏) ◽  
Xiaojuan Hei (黑晓娟) ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Spontaneous Activity ◽  
Visual Stimulation ◽  
Sensory Stimulation ◽  
Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus ◽  
Visual Signal ◽  
Induced Response ◽  
Sensory Adaptation ◽  
Layer 4 ◽  
Dorsal Lateral Geniculate

Sensory adaptation serves to adjust awake brains to changing environments on different time scales. However, adaptation has been studied traditionally under anesthesia and for short time periods. Here, we demonstrate in awake rabbits a novel type of sensory adaptation that persists for >1 h and acts on visual thalamocortical neurons and their synapses in the input layers of the visual cortex. Following prolonged visual stimulation (10–30 min), cells in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) show a severe and prolonged reduction in spontaneous firing rate. This effect is bidirectional, and prolonged visually induced response suppression is followed by a prolonged increase in spontaneous activity. The reduction in thalamic spontaneous activity following prolonged visual activation is accompanied by increases in 1) response reliability, 2) signal detectability, and 3) the ratio of visual signal/spontaneous activity. In addition, following such prolonged activation of an LGN neuron, the monosynaptic currents generated by thalamic impulses in layer 4 of the primary visual cortex are enhanced. These results demonstrate that in awake brains, prolonged sensory stimulation can have a profound, long-lasting effect on the information conveyed by thalamocortical inputs to the visual cortex.

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