scholarly journals Becoming and belonging in interdisciplinary PhD research

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eystein Gullbekk
Keyword(s):  
Scholarly Communication ◽  
Round Table ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Research Environment ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Cognitive Authority ◽  
Doctoral Writing

PhD research has been depicted as a process of belonging and becoming. Through information-related activities, such as looking for, finding, avoiding or citing literature, PhD-students connect with people and texts that possess cognitive authority within their discipline or domain. It is assumed that supervisors in the discipline are the most important figures as regards the modelling of PhD-students scholarly identities. For instance, a widely cited textbook on doctoral writing states that “PhD students’ writing is shaped by discipline-specific conventions and protocols; by conversations with advisors who literally embody the discipline” (Kamler and Thomson, 2008, p. 508, cited in Gullbekk & Byström, 2019, p.20). The role of the library and the librarians may well be to facilitate discipline or domain specific information-related activities. In interdisciplinary environments however, PhD-students may experience a process of becoming without belonging and the domain-based cognitive authority of texts and authors may be negotiable.   In this round-table, we will explore the role of the library in interdisciplinary PhD-research. First, we will familiarize ourselves with select views on interdisciplinarity and reflect on variations among the roundtable-participants’ interdisciplinary experiences. Second, and more importantly, we will discuss complexities that occur in scholarly communication in a multi-disciplinary research environment where the students write article-based dissertations. We will explore the role of supervisors, librarians included, in a particular case where students must draw on multiple fields or disciplines, where questions of the cognitive authority of texts and of PhD-students’ belonging emerge as somewhat contested.   The case discussed in the round table is based on fieldwork conducted in an interdisciplinary department at a Scandinavian University. Participants may familiarize themselves with the case by reading the article Becoming a scholar by publication – PhD students citing in interdisciplinary argumentation (Gullbekk & Byström, 2019).  

Testing the sociometer: The role of self-esteem as a domain specific mediator

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Kavanagh ◽  
G. J. O. Fletcher ◽  
B. J. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Self Esteem ◽  
Domain Specific

When Do Auditors Use Specialists' Work to Improve Problem Representations of and Judgments about Complex Estimates?

2017 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 177-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily E. Griffith
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Situational Factor ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Quality Audit ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Epistemic Motivation ◽  
Specific Expertise ◽  
Problem Representations

ABSTRACT Auditors are more likely to identify misstatements in complex estimates if they recognize problematic patterns among an estimate's underlying assumptions. Rich problem representations aid pattern recognition, but auditors likely have difficulty developing them given auditors' limited domain-specific expertise in this area. In two experiments, I predict and find that a relational cue in a specialist's work highlighting aggressive assumptions improves auditors' problem representations and subsequent judgments about estimates. However, this improvement only occurs when a situational factor (e.g., risk) increases auditors' epistemic motivation to incorporate the cue into their problem representations. These results suggest that auditors do not always respond to cues in specialists' work. More generally, this study highlights the role of situational factors in increasing auditors' epistemic motivation to develop rich problem representations, which contribute to high-quality audit judgments in this and other domains where pattern recognition is important.

Knowledge Enhanced LSTM for Coreference Resolution on Biomedical Texts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yufei Li ◽  
Xiaoyong Ma ◽  
Xiangyu Zhou ◽  
Pengzhen Cheng ◽  
Kai He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Integration ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Supplementary Information ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Coreference Resolution ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Memory Network ◽  
Biomedical Texts

Abstract Motivation Bio-entity Coreference Resolution focuses on identifying the coreferential links in biomedical texts, which is crucial to complete bio-events’ attributes and interconnect events into bio-networks. Previously, as one of the most powerful tools, deep neural network-based general domain systems are applied to the biomedical domain with domain-specific information integration. However, such methods may raise much noise due to its insufficiency of combining context and complex domain-specific information. Results In this paper, we explore how to leverage the external knowledge base in a fine-grained way to better resolve coreference by introducing a knowledge-enhanced Long Short Term Memory network (LSTM), which is more flexible to encode the knowledge information inside the LSTM. Moreover, we further propose a knowledge attention module to extract informative knowledge effectively based on contexts. The experimental results on the BioNLP and CRAFT datasets achieve state-of-the-art performance, with a gain of 7.5 F1 on BioNLP and 10.6 F1 on CRAFT. Additional experiments also demonstrate superior performance on the cross-sentence coreferences. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

PROTEIN STRUCTURE ALIGNMENT AND FAST SIMILARITY SEARCH USING LOCAL SHAPE SIGNATURES

2004 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
pp. 215-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
TOLGA CAN ◽  
YUAN-FANG WANG
Keyword(s):  
Protein Structure ◽  
Protein Structures ◽  
Structure Alignment ◽  
Protein Structure Alignment ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Alignment Algorithm ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Local Sequence ◽  
Shape Signatures

We present a new method for conducting protein structure similarity searches, which improves on the efficiency of some existing techniques. Our method is grounded in the theory of differential geometry on 3D space curve matching. We generate shape signatures for proteins that are invariant, localized, robust, compact, and biologically meaningful. The invariancy of the shape signatures allows us to improve similarity searching efficiency by adopting a hierarchical coarse-to-fine strategy. We index the shape signatures using an efficient hashing-based technique. With the help of this technique we screen out unlikely candidates and perform detailed pairwise alignments only for a small number of candidates that survive the screening process. Contrary to other hashing based techniques, our technique employs domain specific information (not just geometric information) in constructing the hash key, and hence, is more tuned to the domain of biology. Furthermore, the invariancy, localization, and compactness of the shape signatures allow us to utilize a well-known local sequence alignment algorithm for aligning two protein structures. One measure of the efficacy of the proposed technique is that we were able to perform structure alignment queries 36 times faster (on the average) than a well-known method while keeping the quality of the query results at an approximately similar level.

Developing domain-specific causal-explanatory frameworks: the role of insides and immanence

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail M. Gottfried ◽  
Susan A. Gelman
Keyword(s):  
Domain Specific

scholarly journals Contradictions in Counter-Intuitive Beliefs and Naïve Dialecticism

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Samson
Keyword(s):  
Cross Cultural Psychology ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cognitive Anthropology ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Role Of Religion

AbstractIn an article aimed at complementing Boyer and Sperber's (relatively structural) views of counter-intuitive concepts and their robustness in the religious domain, Franks (2003) has recently drawn attention to the fact that the tolerance of such conflict or contradiction appears to be less domain-specific in some cultures, such as those found in East Asia. This paper follows up on this important point by highlighting the similarities and differences of the tolerance for contradictions evident in East Asian 'naïve dialecticism' and nonnatural religious representations. It is argued that, despite their dissimilarity with respect to the content represented, both types of tolerances may be structurally similar. Both could also be anchored in intuition, albeit in qualitatively different ways. Given the general tolerance of psychological contradiction among persons of East Asian cultures and the potential role of religion, the question whether there is a place for the study of 'tolerance of contradiction' in cross-cultural psychology and cognitive anthropology is raised.

The role of a single lingua franca in scientific inquiry

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-46
Author(s):  
Ekkehard König
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Inquiry ◽  
Scientific Communication ◽  
External World ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
International Exchange ◽  
Conceptual System ◽  
Lingua Franca ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Multilingual Approach

This paper discusses the role of English as the current lingua franca academica in contrast to a multilingual approach to scientific inquiry on the basis of four perspectives: a cognitive, a typological, a contrastive and a domain-specific one. It is argued that a distinction must be drawn between the natural sciences and the humanities in order to properly assess the potential of either linguistic solution to the problem of scientific communication. To the extent that the results of scientific research are expressed in formal languages and international standardised terminology, the exclusive use of one lingua franca is unproblematic, especially if phenomena of our external world are under consideration. In the humanities, by contrast, especially in the analysis of our non-visible, mental world, a single lingua franca cannot be regarded as a neutral instrument, but may more often than not become a conceptual prison. For the humanities the analysis of the conceptual system of a language provides the most reliable access to its culture. For international exchange of results, however, the humanities too have to rely on a suitable lingua franca as language of description as opposed to the language under description.

The 5-Year BSW–MSW Program: A New Curricular Option

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-82
Author(s):  
Shirley Simon ◽  
Edward Gumz ◽  
Susan Grossman ◽  
James Marley ◽  
Yolanda Golden
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Social Work Education ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Admission Process ◽  
Msw Students ◽  
School Of Social Work ◽  
Work Education

This article describes and analyzes the development and implementation of a 5-year BSW–MSW program at a Midwestern school of social work. Key pedagogical and programmatic considerations in the development of such programs are identified. Specific information about the admission process and curricular pathway is provided. Five-year and traditional MSW students are compared on their performance in foundation-level MSW courses. The results of evaluative surveys of faculty members and 5-year students are also presented. The potential role of 5-year programs in social work education is discussed.

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