scholarly journals Self-Organization in Collective Action: Elinor Ostrom's Contributions and Complexity Theory

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Complexity Theory ◽  
Self Organization

scholarly journals Chaos, Complexity, and Contingency Theories: A Comparative Analysis and Application to the 21st Century Organization

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Franklin M. Lartey
Keyword(s):  
Complexity Theory ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Chaos Theory ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Organizational Leaders ◽  
Unexpected Events ◽  
Regulatory Changes ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Organizational Purpose

Organizations in the 21st century deal with constant changes such as globalization, technological evolutions, regulatory changes, competition, and other unexpected events, among others. These challenges can be viewed and addressed through the lenses of contemporary theories. This paper selected three contemporary theories namely chaos, complexity, and contingency theories, and presented their foundations and characteristics by comparing and contrasting their key concepts. These concepts include nonlinearity, feedback, bifurcation, strange attractors, fractals, and self-organization for chaos theory; nonlinearity, dynamism, feedback, self-organization, emergence, and adaptability for complexity theory; and adaptation, equifinality, effectiveness, and congruency for contingency theory. Examples of studies and organizational applications of these theories were provided, and implications for scholars and organizational leaders were discussed. By explaining notions such as how the capacity of a system could be greater than the sum of the capacities of its subunits, this paper can act as a starting point for anyone seeking to understand the three theories or use them for research or organizational purpose.

scholarly journals THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF CREATING COMMUNITIES BASED ON SUSTAINABLE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGION

2018 ◽  
Vol 1(13) (1(13)) ◽  
pp. 105-111
Author(s):  
Olena Krasnonosovа ◽  
Darya Mykhailenko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Fiscal Decentralization ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Social Self ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Territorial Structure ◽  
Economic Studies

Current socio-economic studies convince of the increase of irrational using available resources and growing social tension among the population. The key problem of social and economic development of the region is to ensure the population’s welfare, including both adequate living conditions and income level. Many scientists have been involved in the formation and development of communities, namely P. Gural, A. Batanov, C. Jonassen, G Hillery, M. Baimuratov, О. Moroz, E. Ostrom, C. Tiebout. However, the accumulated practical experience and knowledge is not enough to clarify the prerequisites for the formation of communities on the principles of sustainable socio-economic development of the region. The article summarizes the approaches to forming communities on the principles of sustainable social and economic development of the region. To form communities on the principles of sustainable socio-economic development of the region, systemic reformation of the administrative and territorial structure at all the levels is required. Based on the provisions of the theory of fiscal decentralization, collective action, social self-organization, it is necessary to clearly identify the advantages of each of them and the possibility of applying provisions in domestic realities.

An Experimental Organization of Precarious Professionals

2021 ◽  
Vol 88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian MacDonald ◽  
Manek Kolhatkar
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Professional Identification ◽  
Relations Industrielles

This article discusses the sector-wide organization of contractual archaeologists in Québec, beginning with the formation of a workers’ committee and leading subsequently to union accreditation. We theorize the difficulty of organizing these “precarious professionals” and suggest that self-organization outside of an industrial relations framework may be required to overcome barriers to their unionization. Deliberation, norm setting, and informal parlays with employers lead to clarifying class distinctions that professional identification often occludes, while self-organization increases worker confidence in collective action.   Cet article traite de l’organisation sectorielle des archéologues contractuels au Québec en commençant par la création d’un comité de travailleurs et menant par la suite à l’accréditation syndicale. Nous mettons en théorie les difficultés qui ont entravé l’organisation de ces «professionnels précaires», et proposons que l’auto-organisation en dehors d’un cadre de relations industrielles peut être nécessaire pour surmonter les obstacles à leur syndicalisation. La délibération, l’établissement des normes et les discussions avec les employeurs conduisent à clarifier les distinctions de classe que l’identification professionnelle occulte souvent, tandis que l’auto-organisation augmente la confiance des travailleurs dans l’action collective.

THEORY OF COLLECTIVE ACTION: RULES TRANSFORMATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-51
Author(s):  
E. M. Skarzhinskaya ◽  
V. I. Tzurikov
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Small Groups ◽  
Interpersonal Trust ◽  
Coalition Structure ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Mutual Trust ◽  
Equilibrium Outcome ◽  
Coalition Member ◽  
Transactional Costs

The authors examine the mathematical modeling of methods for the coordination of collective action in the self-organization and self-governance mode. It is assumed that members of the collective create aggregate income whose value grows, as each member invests more effort. The goal pursued by each member of the collective is to maximize personal gains. As we established in the first part of the study, the lack of universal interpersonal trust prevents members of a uniform (unstructured) collective from overcoming a non-effective, Nash equilibrium outcome. Alternative options for structuring the collective were considered, such as creating small groups (coalitions) of agents sharing mutual trust within each group. The strategy of such coalition, aimed at maximizing coalitional gains rather than personal, leads to greater investment of effort by each coalition member, which in turn produces greater aggregate gains for the entire collective. We have shown that in order to secure stability of a coalition structure, first, stimuli for each coalition member are needed such that imply redistribution of quasi-rent to their benefit, and second, control must be exercised on the efforts of the agents. As models demonstrate, members of the collective left outside coalitions or forming small coalitions with a low share taken together (in aggregate) gains, have weaker stimuli for investment. The potential of increasing such stimuli and thereby increasing aggregate gains may be furnished by another, stronger hierarchic-shaped structure – provided transactional costs are sufficiently low. In order to realize this potential, entitlements to residual income must be concentrated in the hands of a single largest coalition or a number of largest coalitions, while banning all other members of the collective from receiving such income. The income of each agent is defined by the terms of the stimulating contract. We have proposed a general design of such a stimulating contract, creating all prerequisites for achieving equilibrium outcome, with Pareto-dominates equilibrium outcomes for other collective structuring options.

scholarly journals Insights from the study of complex systems for the ecology and evolution of animal populations

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
David N Fisher ◽  
Jonathan N Pruitt
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Complex Systems ◽  
Complexity Theory ◽  
Complexity Science ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract Populations of animals comprise many individuals, interacting in multiple contexts, and displaying heterogeneous behaviors. The interactions among individuals can often create population dynamics that are fundamentally deterministic yet display unpredictable dynamics. Animal populations can, therefore, be thought of as complex systems. Complex systems display properties such as nonlinearity and uncertainty and show emergent properties that cannot be explained by a simple sum of the interacting components. Any system where entities compete, cooperate, or interfere with one another may possess such qualities, making animal populations similar on many levels to complex systems. Some fields are already embracing elements of complexity to help understand the dynamics of animal populations, but a wider application of complexity science in ecology and evolution has not occurred. We review here how approaches from complexity science could be applied to the study of the interactions and behavior of individuals within animal populations and highlight how this way of thinking can enhance our understanding of population dynamics in animals. We focus on 8 key characteristics of complex systems: hierarchy, heterogeneity, self-organization, openness, adaptation, memory, nonlinearity, and uncertainty. For each topic we discuss how concepts from complexity theory are applicable in animal populations and emphasize the unique insights they provide. We finish by outlining outstanding questions or predictions to be evaluated using behavioral and ecological data. Our goal throughout this article is to familiarize animal ecologists with the basics of each of these concepts and highlight the new perspectives that they could bring to variety of subfields.

The Strategic Execution in VUCA World through the Perspective of Complexity Theory for Malaysian Government Link Companies

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
W. M. A. Wan Md Syukri ◽  
M. Y. Muhamad Roslan ◽  
A. R. Zulhasni
Keyword(s):  
Complexity Theory ◽  
Complex Adaptive Systems ◽  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Complex Adaptive ◽  
Strategic Execution ◽  
Malaysian Government

Dynamic and rapidly changing nature of world can only be described by the term VUCA. Speed, agility, flexibility and many other words which are initially used only to describe the ability of an athlete has become the frequent terms for reflecting the capability of the leadership and employees in an organization which takes the organizations towards the heights of success. This paper looking at the interconnectivity between VUCA view and Complexity Theory in Malaysian Government Link Companies by exploring latest literature reviews. Complex adaptive systems are explicitly incorporating features in its theoretical paradigm that reflect the dynamic and complex nature of innovation process, and self-organization in the context of business and social organizations.

Tossicodipendenze, psicoanalisi e complessitŕ: la dissociazione farmaco-indotta

2009 ◽  
pp. 509-532
Author(s):  
Fabio Beni
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Dynamics ◽  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Complexity Theory ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Dissociative Mechanism ◽  
Psychoanalytic Therapy ◽  
Interpersonal Psychoanalysis

- Drug addictions are understood, within a perspective of interpersonal psychoanalysis, taking into consideration dissociative mechanisms within a framework inspired by nonlinear dynamics theories. Considering the present situation in which psychoanalytic therapy is almost excluded from the treatment of drug addictions, in an attempt of resuming a dialogue with psychoanalysis it is assumed that drug addiction are the driving force of a particular dissociative mechanism. The perturbation connected in a nonlinear way to the effect of the drug originates and preserves a dissociative process, depicted through the concept of self-organization, an idea adopted from complexity theory. Drug addiction would therefore be especially sensitive to those psychotherapeutic approaches, such as interpersonal psychoanalysis, that emphasize the concept of dissociation.

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