scholarly journals The Possible Role Of Toll-Like Receptor 4 In The Pathology Of Stroke

2017 ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Mohammad Allahtavakoli ◽  
Ali Shamsizadeh ◽  
Ali Roohbakhsh ◽  
Amir Moghadam-Ahmadi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Rahmani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
System Response ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 4 ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
The Impact

Stroke is a prevalent and dangerous health problem, which triggers an intense inflammatory response to Toll-like receptors (TLRs) activation. TLRs are the essential components of innate immunity system response, and therefore, they are one of the key factors involved in recognizing pathogens and internal ligands. Among TLRs, TLR4 significantly participates in the induction of inflammation and brain functions, hence, it has been hypothesized that this molecule is associated with several brain immune-related diseases such as stroke. It has also been proved that animals with TLR4 deficiency have higher protection against ischemia and the absence of TLR4 reduces the neuroinflammation and injuries associated with brain trauma. TLR4 deficiency may play a neuroprotective role in the occurrence of stroke. This article will review recent information regarding the impact of TLR4 in the pathogenicity of stroke.

scholarly journals Toll-Like Receptors in Innate Immunity: Role of Bacterial Endotoxin and Toll-Like Receptor 4 in Endometrium and Endometriosis

2009 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaleque Newaz Khan ◽  
Michio Kitajima ◽  
Koichi Hiraki ◽  
Akira Fujishita ◽  
Ichiro Sekine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Bacterial Endotoxin ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Toll Like Receptors ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 4

scholarly journals The contribution of miR-122 to the innate immunity by regulating toll-like receptor 4 in hepatoma cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liyu Shi ◽  
Xiaoqiu Zheng ◽  
Yuzhuo Fan ◽  
Xiaolan Yang ◽  
Aimei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Hepatoma Cells ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 4

scholarly journals CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells regulate immune balance in unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion via the Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-κB pathway

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 030006052098094
Author(s):  
Shuang Qin ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Jia Liu ◽  
Jinrui Zhang ◽  
Qing Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 4 ◽  
Unexplained Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion ◽  
Tlr4 Antagonist

Objective The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of cluster of differentiation (CD)4+CD25+ forkhead box p3 (Foxp3)+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) on unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA) and the associated mechanisms. Methods The proportion of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs and inflammatory cytokine concentrations in the peripheral blood of women with URSA were measured by flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. CBA/JxDBA/2J mating was used to establish an abortion-prone mouse model and the model mice were treated with the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) antagonist E5564 and the TLR4 agonist lipopolysaccharide. Results The proportion of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs was decreased and the inflammatory response was increased in women with URSA. In the abortion-prone mouse model, E5564 significantly increased the proportion of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs, decreased the inflammatory response, and increased Foxp3 mRNA and protein expression. Lipopolysaccharide had adverse effects on the abortion-prone model. Conclusions These data suggest that CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs regulate immune homeostasis in URSA via the TLR4/nuclear factor-κB pathway, and that the TLR4 antagonist E5564 may be a novel and potential drug for treating URSA.

scholarly journals What Kept the Boat Afloat? Sustainability of Employment in Knowledge-Intensive Sectors Due to Government Measures during COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8441
Author(s):  
Michal Hrivnák ◽  
Peter Moritz ◽  
Marcela Chreneková
Keyword(s):  
Key Factors ◽  
Economic Shocks ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Employment Retention ◽  
State Compensation ◽  
Business Resilience ◽  
Knowledge Intensive ◽  
Econometric Approach ◽  
The Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed new aspects of sustainable entrepreneurship and the resilience of SMEs in the conditions of individual countries. This empirical study contributes to entrepreneurship sustainability literature and business resilience literature by estimating the impact of various utilized internal crisis management tools and state compensation measures on retaining the pre-crisis levels of employment after two waves of the pandemic on the conditions of a V4 country. The study adopts an econometric approach towards assessing the influence of key factors of mitigating the problems caused by the pandemic, and the results suggest a crucial role of digitalization, internal policies optimizing variable costs, and utilization of direct governmental supportive measures to compensate for restrictions in force for employment retention in knowledge-intensive SMEs. According to the results, knowledge-intensive SMEs appears to have increased resilience towards economic shocks due to the capability to swiftly change the management of ventures to adapt to a crisis.

scholarly journals Detrimental Role of Heat Shock Protein 60&70 and Toll-like Receptor 4 in Skeletal Muscle Ischaemia In Vitro

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 77S
Author(s):  
Ali Navi ◽  
Rebekah Yu ◽  
Xu Shi-Wen ◽  
Sidney Shaw ◽  
George Hamilton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Protein ◽  
Heat Shock Protein 60 ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 4 ◽  
Muscle Ischaemia

scholarly journals Toll-like receptor 4 ablation in mdx mice reveals innate immunity as a therapeutic target in Duchenne muscular dystrophy

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 2147-2162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Giordano ◽  
Kamalika Mojumdar ◽  
Feng Liang ◽  
Christian Lemaire ◽  
Tong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Mdx Mice ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 4
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