Participation in Counterinsurgency

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-31
Author(s):  
Devorah S. Manekin
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Goals ◽  
Second Intifada ◽  
The Military ◽  
Combat Soldiers

This chapter begins with a description of Aviv Kochavi, who served as a commander in a paratrooper unit at the height of the Second Intifada. It talks about Aviv's strict and demanding command style that soldiers often label a “hard head.” The chapter shows how the military first instills and then enforces a set of norms that distinguish between appropriate and inappropriate violence based on the extent to which it serves organizational goals. It analyzes three analytically distinct categories of violence taken from the perspective of deployed combat soldiers: strategic, entrepreneurial, and opportunistic. It also points out how the categories of violence differ on a number of dimensions and highlights the beneficiary of the violence.

scholarly journals Thank You for Hearing My Voice – Listening to Women Combat Veterans in the United States and Israeli Militaries

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shir Daphna-Tekoah ◽  
Ayelet Harel-Shalev ◽  
Ilan Harpaz-Rotem
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Military Veterans ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Female Veterans ◽  
Civilian Life ◽  
The Military ◽  
Female Soldiers ◽  
Combat Soldiers

The military service of combat soldiers may pose many threats to their well being and often take a toll on body and mind, influencing the physical and emotional make-up of combatants and veterans. The current study aims to enhance our knowledge about the combat experiences and the challenges that female soldiers face both during and after their service. The study is based on qualitative methods and narrative analysis of in-depth semi-structured personal interviews with twenty military veterans. It aims to analyze the narratives of American and Israeli female combat soldiers regarding their military service, with emphasis on the soldiers’ descriptions, in their own words, about their difficulties, challenges, coping and successes during their service and transition to civilian life. A recurring theme in the interviews with the veterans of both militaries was the need to be heard and the fact that societies, therapists, and military institutions do not always truly listen to female veterans’ experiences and are not really interested in what actually ails them. Our research suggests that conventional methods used in research relating to veterans might at times be inadequate, because the inherent categorization might abstract, pathologize, and fragment a wide array of soldiers’ modes of post-combat being. Moreover, female veterans’ voices will not be fully heard unless we allow them to be active participants in generating knowledge about themselves.

Targeting Gaza

2020 ◽  
pp. 157-196
Author(s):  
Craig Jones
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Israel Defense Force ◽  
Targeted Killing ◽  
Concepts And Categories ◽  
Palestinian Territories ◽  
Military Violence ◽  
Second Intifada ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Legal Concepts ◽  
The Military

This chapter examines how Israel Defense Force (IDF) lawyers came to play a crucial role in aerial targeting operations in Gaza and how they helped to develop a targeted killing policy in the post-2000 Second Intifada period. It outlines the historical roots of the Military Advocate General Corps (MAG Corps) in the creation and administration of the occupied Palestinian Territories. It then shows how in the early 2000s Israeli military lawyers became instrumental in devising new legal concepts and categories to expand the definition of what (and who, under what circumstances) constitutes a lawful target. It further argues that Israeli military lawyers have been pivotal in calibrating military violence in all of the recent major aerial assaults on Gaza, including ‘Operation Cast lead’ (2008–2009), ‘Operation Pillar of Defense’ (2012), and ‘Operation Protective Edge’ (2014). The mutual influence of US and Israeli targeting policies is also examined.

scholarly journals “The Strength behind the Uniform”: Acknowledging the Contributions of Military Families or Co-Opting Women’s Labour?

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-71
Author(s):  
Leigh Spanner
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Military Families ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Military Family ◽  
Operational Effectiveness ◽  
Organizational Goals ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
Canadian Armed Forces ◽  
The Military

Since 2008, the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) has called the military family “the strength behind the uniform.” The contributions and sacrifices of military families, and in particular spouses, are now formally recognized as essential to operational effectiveness, such as the ability to deploy troops quickly and easily. This represents a departure from previous eras, which took for granted the “naturalness” of a gendered division of labour in military households in support of organizational goals. Making visible and valuing this work parallels recent efforts by the CAF to improve the wellbeing of its people and advance gender equality in the organization and on operations. This article considers the gendered labour and power implications of formally recognizing the contributions of military families and spouses to the CAF. What does recognizing the military family as “the strength behind the uniform” mean for women and the gendered labour relations in military families? By drawing on analyses of policies, programs, and institutional rhetoric, alongside interviews by military family members, the article argues that in formally recognizing the family’s contribution to operational effectiveness, the CAF is co-opting the labour and loyalty of women spouses in military families. The institutional emphasis on “taking care of its people” obscures the ways in which the service required of military families is gendered and relies on women being constrained by traditional gender norms. These findings have implications for the genuine wellbeing of military families and for assessing feminist progress, or lack thereof, within the CAF institution.

THE LOCATION OF PALESTINE IN GLOBAL COUNTERINSURGENCIES

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laleh Khalili
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
21St Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
The Other ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Second Intifada ◽  
French Colonial ◽  
The Military ◽  
Modern War

I begin with a pair of narratives:[Jenin] itself showed signs of the Government's wrath. It was in a shocking state, having the appearance of a front-line town in a modern war. Huge gaps were visible between the blocks of buildings and houses, while piles of rubble lay across the streets. . . . Many men had been arrested and detained, while many buildings, including shops and offices, had been demolished as a punitive measure by the military.On the fourth day, they managed to enter [the Jenin camp] because . . . this giant tank could simply run over booby traps, especially since they were very primitive booby traps. Once the army took over our street, they started shooting missiles from the air. On the fifth day they started shelling homes. A large number of people were killed or wounded. My neighbour's home was blown up by missiles . . . Close to us was a group of [detained] young men. They were handcuffed, naked, and lying on their stomachs . . . They would take each one of us and force us onto the ground, stomping on our backs and heads. One soldier would put his machine gun right on your head, and the other would tie you up.The first narrative dates from 1939, when the British finally suppressed the Arab Revolt; the second is from the Israeli counterinsurgency against Palestinians during the second intifada in 2002. What is striking about the two narratives is not only the similarity of “control” measures and the targeting of politically mobilized towns and villages across time but also the persistence of these techniques across different administrative/colonial systems. Further, these practices—house demolitions, detention of all men of a certain age, and the targeting of civilian spaces and populations—are familiar from other counterinsurgency contexts, whether British and French colonial wars in the 20th century or the 21st-century wars of the United States in Iraq and Afghanistan.

scholarly journals Negotiating Gender: Female Combat Soldiers in Denmark

2018 ◽  
pp. 49-61
Author(s):  
Stine Emilie Knudsen ◽  
Marie Sihm Teisen
Keyword(s):  
Femininity And Masculinity ◽  
Military Community ◽  
Role Conceptions ◽  
The Military ◽  
Negative Expectations ◽  
Combat Soldiers

Based on interviews with female combat soldiers, we explore what role conceptions of femininity and masculinity play for female Danish combat soldiers’ experiences and behaviour in the military community. We find that female combat soldiers’ status and ability to fulfil their potential as soldiers are determined by their capability to navigate expectations linked to their gender and their position as soldiers, respectively. Female combat soldiers must break down negative expectations linked to their gender while simultaneously and continuously navigating the limitations of forms of femininity accepted in the Danish Military.

The Influence of Experience and Organizational Goals on Leadership in the Military Cockpit

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn Prince ◽  
Eduardo Salas ◽  
Michael Brannick ◽  
Ashley Prince
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Goals ◽  
The Military

scholarly journals The limits of socialization and the underproduction of military violence

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 606-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devorah Manekin
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Israel Defense Force ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Military Violence ◽  
Socialization Processes ◽  
Military Socialization ◽  
Second Intifada ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
The Military

Research on socialization can obscure the agency of its targets, presenting socialization as a uni-directional process shaping beliefs and behaviors. This assumption is even stronger for the military, a totalizing institution often portrayed as fashioning its members into violence professionals through a top-down process of domination. In contrast, this article argues that even powerful socialization processes are not omnipotent, and that individuals retain a measure of agency even under pervasive social control. Drawing on the case of the Israel Defense Force during the Second Intifada, it shows that norms inculcated during military socialization can be undermined by the more ambiguous conditions of deployment. When soldiers also subscribe to competing norms and receive social support for their dissent, resistance can emerge, increase, and become more overt. Analysis of resistance to violence underscores the power of military socialization while drawing attention to its limits. It therefore challenges homogenizing views of soldiers, illuminating the processes through which military violence is produced and curbed.

Democrazy—Dem Go Craze, O: Monitoring the 1999 Nigerian Elections

1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
Darren Kew
Keyword(s):  
Transition Program ◽  
The Political ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
Political Class ◽  
Soccer Match ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Military

In many respects, the least important part of the 1999 elections were the elections themselves. From the beginning of General Abdusalam Abubakar’s transition program in mid-1998, most Nigerians who were not part of the wealthy “political class” of elites—which is to say, most Nigerians— adopted their usual politically savvy perspective of siddon look (sit and look). They waited with cautious optimism to see what sort of new arrangement the military would allow the civilian politicians to struggle over, and what in turn the civilians would offer the public. No one had any illusions that anything but high-stakes bargaining within the military and the political class would determine the structures of power in the civilian government. Elections would influence this process to the extent that the crowd influences a soccer match.

Dermatology patient visits in the military

1978 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 289c-289
Author(s):  
R. L. Garcia
Keyword(s):  
The Military

The Military Commander's Necessity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigrid Redse Johansen
Keyword(s):  
The Military
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