Introduction

Author(s):  
Oliver Charbonneau

This chapter recounts the story of Americans and Moros in colonial Mindanao and the Sulu Archipelago. It ranges from 1899, when U.S. military forces relieved the Spanish garrison at Zamboanga, to 1941, when Japan invaded the Commonwealth of the Philippines. It also considers the Spanish legacy in Mindanao-Sulu and American precolonial contacts with the region. The chapter elaborates the minor role of Muslim-majority areas in many histories of the American Philippines and explains the historiographical absence that perpetuates trends originating in American and Christian Filipino colonial imaginaries. It points out how the South's position as a politically and culturally subordinate space in an emerging nation-state created the preconditions for its marginalization in the literature on the U.S. colonial empire.


2016 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick J. Rosopa ◽  
Jesus Alfonso D. Datu ◽  
Stephen A. Robertson ◽  
Theresa P. Atkinson


2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 284-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Offick ◽  
Roland C. Winkler

A recent theoretical literature highlights the role of endogenous firm entry as an internal amplification mechanism of business cycle fluctuations. The amplification mechanism works through the competition effect (CE) and the variety effect (VE). This paper tests the significance of this amplification mechanism, quantifies its importance, and disentangles the CE and VE. To this end, we estimate a medium-scale real business cycle model with firm entry for the U.S. economy. The CE and VE are estimated to be statistically significant. Together, they amplify the volatility of output by 8.5% relative to a model in which both effects are switched off. The CE accounts for most amplification, whereas the VE only plays a minor role.



Ethnologies ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-88
Author(s):  
Carolyn M. Ramzy

In 2009, the U.S. Library of Congress officially launched the Ragheb Moftah Collection, an online exhibit that presented the largest music archive of Coptic liturgical recordings and music transcriptions outside of Egypt. Moftah, an amateur Egyptian collector, had commissioned an English composer, Ernest Newlandsmith, to notate and record the entire Orthodox hymnody. They both believed that, as the last connection to a Pharaonic and pre-Islamic past, the ancient melodies lay unchanged, “buried under a debris of Arabic and other ornamentation.” Drawing on Wendy Cheng’s notion of strategic orientalism (2013) and Timothy Mitchell’s staging modernity (2000), I explore contemporary discursive politics of sound archives in the Coptic community. Specifically, I investigate the role of Coptic music archives in articulations of community legitimacy, indigeneity, and agency as a religious and political minority in a Muslim majority nation. How have today’s cantors and activists rendered western transcriptions as sound objects which to negotiate authenticity as Egypt’s last remaining “modern sons of the pharaohs,” even without being able to read them? As the principal curator of the site, I explore how Western scholarly encounters have not only entangled Coptic music discourses in a western-centered teleology of modernity and progress, but in emulating the West, also infused them with orientalist critiques that equated heterophony and embellishments to “Arab debris” that marked signs of backwardness.



2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Sik Kim ◽  
Sunghyun Kim ◽  
Yunjong Wang

This paper investigates whether the Chinese RMB has become more influential (than the U.S. dollar) in determining the exchange rates of East Asian currencies in recent years. We use a regression method with time-varying coefficients to trace changes in coefficients over time. The empirical results show that the RMB's effects on East Asian currencies were near zero before 2008, but since then have significantly increased and taken over the role of the U.S. dollar in some countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines). In Singapore and Thailand, the RMB is still a non-factor. South Korea shows an interesting pattern, in that the role of the RMB swings over time, with an increase in the past couple of years. We conjecture that the trade share with China has a positive influence on the role of the RMB. In conclusion, given the small absolute value of the regression coefficient on RMB, although the RMB has attained a more significant status in the currency market, it is too early to talk about the creation of an RMB bloc in East Asia.



2012 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 857-864
Author(s):  
Andrew Yeo

This essay examines antibase movements in the Philippines, giving attention to the development, organization, and role of antibase movements leading to the ouster of US military forces in 1991. Additionally, I discuss how the return of the US military in the late 1990s under a visiting forces agreement rekindled mobilization efforts, albeit more weakly than during the early 1990s, against US military presence. Although no permanent US base exists in the Philippines today, peace activists continue to rally against the US military influence both at home and abroad.



Thesis Eleven ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Steinmetz

Germany was famously a latecomer to colonialism, but it was a hybrid empire, centrally involved in all forms of imperial activity. Germans dominated the early Holy Roman Empire; Germany after 1870 was a Reich, or empire, not a state in the conventional sense; and Germany had a colonial empire between 1884 and 1918. Prussia played the role of continental imperialist in its geopolitics vis-à-vis Poland and the other states to its east. Finally, in its Weltpolitik – its global policies centered on the navy – Germany was an informal global imperialist. Although these diverse scales and practices of empire usually occupied distinct regions in the imaginations of contemporaries, there was one representational space in which the nation-state was woven together with empire in all its different registers: the Berlin trade exhibition of 1896. Because this exhibition started as a local event focused on German industry, it has not attracted much attention among historians of colonial and world fairs. Over the course of its planning, however, the 1896 exhibition emerged as an encompassing display of the multifarious German empire in all its geopolitical aspects. The exhibition attracted the attention of contemporaries as diverse as Georg Simmel and Kaiser Wilhelm. In contrast to Simmel and later theorists, I argue that it represented the empire and the nation-state, and not simply the fragmenting and commodifying force of capitalism. In contrast to Timothy Mitchell, I argue that the exhibit did not communicate a generic imperial modernity, but made visible the unique multi-scaled political formation that was the German empire-state.



2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-98
Author(s):  
Yusuf Suyono

Abstract:This paper embarks from the question why the valuable Islamic ethics cannot be ethos grounded in the nation-state Muslim majority country-including in Indonesia? Phenomena such as the majlis taklim, majlis dhikr, interest pilgrimage exceeds the quota, the Islamic banking activity is equally excited, is real. However, it is not enough. Muslims should master the science, economics, and the strategic role of national politics. Islamic ethics is Dassollen, the Muslims condition is DasSein. ProphetMuḥammad has abled to unite Das sein andDassollenin his life, because Islam hasbecomehis bloodso that he is a mirror and store front of Islampar excellence. Muslims, as his follower, not been able todo like him. Al-Amir ArsalanSyākib, Muḥammad ‘Abduh, MohammadIqbal, Muḥammadal-Ghazālī, Ḥassan Ḥanafihavetried to formulatehow tobridge the gapbetween Das sollenandDasSein forMuslims. Theyhave adeep concern about thewide gapbetweenDasSeinpraxis in life of Muslims with DassollenIslamicteachings in slogan ya’lu walā yu’la ‘alaih. Whileatthe same timetheyseehowthe berufethos of Calvinismcouldencouragethe ethos ofmoderncapitalismto its adherentsin Western Europe, a Zen Buddhistethoscouldpushthe Japaneseintothe Asiantigers, andspirit Confucius encouragethe Korean peopleintothe Asiandragon. Abstrak:Tulisan ini berangkat dari pertanyaan mengapa etika Islam yang adiluhung itu tidak bisa membumi menjadi etos bangsa di negara-negara yang mayoritas penduduknya Muslim–termasuk di Indonesia. Fenomena seperti majlis taklim, majlis zikir, minat menunaikan ibadah haji melebihi kuota, aktivitas perbankan syariah tak kalah bersemangat, adalah nyata. Namun, itu tidak cukup. Umat Islam seharusnya lebih dari itu dalam penguasaan ilmu pengetahuan, ekonomi, dan peran strategis politik kebangsaan. Etika Islam itulah Das Sollen, keadaan kaum Muslimin itulah Das Sein. Muhammad Rasulullah telah mampu menyatukan Das Sein dan Das Sollen dalam hidupnya. Hal itu dikarenakan Islam telah menjadi darahnya sehingga beliau adalah cermin dan etalase Islam par excellence. Kaum Muslimin, sebagai pengikutnya, belum mampu berbuat seperti uswah mereka itu. Al-Amir Syakib Arsalan, Muhammad Abduh, Mohammad Iqbal, Muhammad al-Ghazali, Hassan Hanafi telah berusaha menformulasikan bagaimana menjembatani jurang pemisah antara Das Sollen dan Das Sein kaum Muslimin itu. Semuanya itu karena didorong oleh keprihatinan melihat betapa dalam dan menganganya jurang antara Das Sein praksis kehidupan Umat Islam dengan Das Sollen ajaran Islam yang ya’lu wa lā yu’lā ‘alaih itu. Sementara di saat yang bersamaan mereka melihat betapa etos beruf Calvinisme bisa mendorong etos Kapitalis¬me modern bagi pemeluknya di Eropa Barat, etos Buddha Zen bisa mendorong bangsa Jepang menjadi macan Asia, dan spirit Konfucian (Kong Hu Cu) mendorong bangsa Korea menjadi dragon Asia. Keywords:filsafat Islam, dialektika sirkular, etika Islam, filsafat Iqra’, Das Sollen, dan Das Sein.





Author(s):  
Katherine Guérard ◽  
Sébastien Tremblay

In serial memory for spatial information, some studies showed that recall performance suffers when the distance between successive locations increases relatively to the size of the display in which they are presented (the path length effect; e.g., Parmentier et al., 2005) but not when distance is increased by enlarging the size of the display (e.g., Smyth & Scholey, 1994). In the present study, we examined the effect of varying the absolute and relative distance between to-be-remembered items on memory for spatial information. We manipulated path length using small (15″) and large (64″) screens within the same design. In two experiments, we showed that distance was disruptive mainly when it is varied relatively to a fixed reference frame, though increasing the size of the display also had a small deleterious effect on recall. The insertion of a retention interval did not influence these effects, suggesting that rehearsal plays a minor role in mediating the effects of distance on serial spatial memory. We discuss the potential role of perceptual organization in light of the pattern of results.



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