How to Think about Advocacy

Set Up ◽

The Right ◽

Spiral Model

This chapter focuses on contemporary international anti-hunger advocacy, which describes the nature of contemporary campaigns across top international anti-hunger organizations. It introduces dominant human rights models, namely Margaret E. Keck and Kathryn Sikkink's “boomerang model” and Thomas Risse, Stephen C. Ropp, and Kathryn Sikkink's “spiral model.” It also provides an alternative model of advocacy, the “buckshot model,” which describes and explains advocacy around hunger and the right to food. The chapter identifies the hidden assumptions behind dominant human rights models and explores their limitations by using the hunger case to set up a contrast with more-often-studied civil and political rights campaigns. It reviews interviews with international anti-hunger activists that were completed by 2015, which reflected contemporary campaigns and efforts until 2014.

India: A Model for the Enforcement of Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights

Journal of Law and Commerce ◽

10.5195/jlc.2019.162 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Lawrenz Fares

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

Political Rights ◽

International Human Rights ◽

Right To Food ◽

Cultural Rights ◽

Human Rights Regime ◽

International Human ◽

The Right ◽

The Impact

Under the modern international human rights regime, all people are entitled to two categories of rights: civil and political rights and economic, social, and cultural rights. While the judicial enforcement of civil and political rights is commonly accepted in virtually every country in the world, there is a significant degree of hostility towards the judicial enforcement of economic, social, and cultural rights. Critics have long held that the enforcement of these rights in the courtroom would be inherently undemocratic and unmanageable. This belief, and the general aversion to the judicial enforcement of these rights, is primarily rooted in the fact that the enforcement of these rights would require compelling the government to spend vast sums of money in the form of welfare programs. However, India has overcome these criticisms and emerged as a model for the enforcement of these rights. The following paper will serve to lay a foundational understanding of the modern international human rights regime, look to the functionality of both sets of rights, and examine how Indian jurisprudence has come to allow the enforcement of economic, social, and cultural rights in the courtroom. From there, this paper will examine PUCL v. Union of India, the landmark case that recognized the right to food in India, the impact this case has on the lives of the Indian people, and the economic impact of protecting the right to food in an attempt to demonstrate that the judicial enforcement of these rights is not only possible, but can also be done in an effective manner.

The Economic and Political Determinants of Human (Including Health) Rights

International Journal of Health Services ◽

10.2190/e841-ge5g-80d7-j0ct ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 145-168 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Vicente Navarro

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

Power Relations ◽

Political Power ◽

Political Rights ◽

Individual Property ◽

Socioeconomic Rights ◽

Fair Wages ◽

The Right ◽

The U.S

This paper presents an analysis and critique of the U.S. government's current emphasis on human rights; and (a) its limited focus on only some civil and political components of the original U.N. Declaration of Human Rights, and (b) its disregard for economic and social rights such as the rights to work, fair wages, health, education, and social security. The paper discusses the reasons for that limited focus and argues that, contrary to what is widely presented in the media and academe: (1) civil and political rights are highly restricted in the U.S.; (2) those rights are further restricted in the U.S. when analyzed in their social and economic dimensions; (3) civil and political rights are not independent of but rather intrinsically related to and dependent on the existence of socioeconomic rights; (4) the definition of the nature and extension of human rights in their civil, political, social, and economic dimensions is not universal, but rather depends on the pattern of economic and political power relations particular to each society; and (5) the pattern of power relations in the U.S. society and the western system of power, based on the right to individual property and its concomitant class structure and relations, is incompatible with the full realization of human rights in their economic, social, political, and civil dimensions. This paper further indicates that U.S. financial and corporate capital, through its overwhelming influence over the organs of political power in the U.S. and over international bodies and agencies, is primarily responsible for the denial of the human rights of the U.S. population and many populations throughout the world as well.

The Right to Enter One’s Own Country: The Conflict between the Jurisprudence of the Human Rights Committee and the Travaux Préparatoires of Article 12(4) of the iccpr

International Human Rights Law Review ◽

10.1163/22131035-01001007 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 75-123

Author(s):

Jamil Ddamulira Mujuzi

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

Case Law ◽

Political Rights ◽

Abstract Article 12(4) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (iccpr) provides that ‘[n]o one shall be arbitrarily deprived of the right to enter his own country.’ The jurisprudence of the Human Rights Committee shows that Committee members have often disagreed on the question of whether the right under Article 12(4) is reserved for citizens only or it can be claimed by non-citizens who consider the countries in which they were born or they have lived for longer periods as their own. In its earlier case law, the Committee held that Article 12(4) is applicable to nationals only. Since 1999, when General Comment No.27 was adopted, the Committee has moved towards extending the right under Article 12(4) to non-nationals. Its latest case law appears to have supported the Committee’s position that Article 12(4) is applicable to non-nationals. Central to both majority and minority decisions in which the Committee has dealt with Article 12(4), is whether the travaux préparatoires of Article 12(4) support either view. This article relies on the travaux préparatoires of Article 12(4) to argue that it does not support the view that Article 12(4) is applicable to non-nationals.

The Right to a Fair Trial under the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

10.1163/9789004501911 ◽

2001 ◽

Author(s):

David Weissbrodt

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

Fair Trial ◽

Universal Declaration ◽

Political Rights ◽

The Politics of Chronic Hunger

Feeding the Hungry ◽

10.7591/cornell/9781501751165.003.0001 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Michelle Jurkovich

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

Alternative Model ◽

Human Right ◽

Right To Food ◽

The Right ◽

Human Right To Food

This chapter focuses on one case of an economic and social right, the right to food. It mentions the development of an alternative model of advocacy, called the buckshot model, which explains the trajectories of campaigns in terms of the right to food. It also discusses international anti-hunger activism, which cites the fore advocacy surrounding the human right to food. The chapter emphasizes how the fulfillment of other human rights is either impossible or substantively meaningless without the realization of the right to food. It points out that more people die from hunger and related causes globally than in all wars, civil and international, combined.

Socio-Economic Rights and Their Implementation: The Impact of Domestic and International Instruments

International Journal of Legal Information ◽

10.1017/s073112650000411x ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 243-259 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gerhard Erasmus

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

Political Rights ◽

Economic Rights ◽

Personal Liberty ◽

Legal Remedy ◽

Basic Quality ◽

The Right ◽

International Instruments ◽

The Impact

Socio-economic rights are those human rights that aim to secure for all members of a particular society a basic quality of life in terms of food, water, shelter, education, health care and housing. They differ from traditional civil and political rights such as the right to equality, personal liberty, property, free speech and association. These “traditional human rights” are now found in most democratic constitutions and are, as a rule, enshrined in a Bill of Rights; which is that part of the Constitution that is normally enforced through mechanisms such as judicial review. The victims of the violation of such rights have a legal remedy. Individual freedom is a primary value underpinning civil and political rights.

Non-universal Human Rights? How Article 6 (2) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Undermines Human Rights

International Human Rights Law Review ◽

10.1163/22131035-00901004 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 99-117

Author(s):

Billy Holmes

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

Death Penalty ◽

Human Dignity ◽

Final Section ◽

Political Rights ◽

Right To Life ◽

Universal Human Rights ◽

Article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights facilitates inequality regarding the imposition of the death penalty and thus, it cannot ensure universality for the protection of the right to life. Paragraph two of this article states: ‘sentence of death may be imposed only for the most serious crimes.’ This article argues that the vagueness of the phrase ‘the most serious crimes’ allows states to undermine human rights principles and human dignity by affording states significant discretion regarding the human rights principles of equality and anti-discrimination. The article posits that this discretion allows states to undermine human dignity and the concept of universal human rights by challenging their universality; by facilitating legal inequality between men and women. Accordingly, it asserts that the implications of not expounding this vague phrase may be far-reaching, particularly in the long-term. The final section of this article offers a potential solution to this problem.

THE RIGHT TO VOTE FOR NON-RESIDENT CITIZENS IN EUROPE

International and Comparative Law Quarterly ◽

10.1017/s0020589316000336 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 65 (4) ◽

pp. 859-894 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Richard Lappin

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

International Human Rights Law ◽

Political Rights ◽

Human Rights Law ◽

Human Right ◽

European Court ◽

Right To Vote ◽

The Right ◽

Political Right

AbstractThe right to vote is the most important political right in international human rights law. Framed within the broader right of political participation, it is the only right in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights not guaranteed as a universal human right but rather as a citizen's right. While limitations on the right to vote are permissible in respect of citizenship and age, residency-based restrictions are not explicitly provided. However, recent judgments of the European Court of Human Rights endorse a view that voting rights may be conditioned on residency on the grounds of an individual's bond to their country-of-origin and the extent to which laws passed by that government would affect them. This article questions this proposition and explores whether disenfranchisement based solely on residency constitutes an unreasonable and discriminatory restriction to the essence of the right.

Women's Civil and Political Rights in Lebanon and France and Their Impact on Economic Growth

Journal of Public Administration and Governance ◽

10.5296/jpag.v10i1.16489 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 132

Author(s):

Mahmoud MOURAD ◽

Rim FARHAT

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

Labor Force ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Political Rights ◽

Human Beings ◽

The Real ◽

Real Gdp ◽

This study carried out a quantitative analysis of several variables in both Lebanon and France. Specific aspects related to education, unemployment, vulnerable employment, gender gap, and participation in parliamentary life were studied. We started from the rationale that human rights necessitate that human beings so it is imperative that each individual enjoy civil and political rights, which means in addition to the right to life and the right equality, there should be the right to the legal recognition and participation in public life whether through employment or elections. These rights have been recognized by the international human rights laws, mainly in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights by United Nations and by the existing local laws both in Lebanon and France.The tests of homogeneity for the panel data models from Lebanon and France have been implemented carefully considering the linear relationship between the real GDP as a dependent variable and three of the independent variables consisting of the rate of women teachers in the secondary education , the rate of female to male ratio in labor force participation , the rate of women’s vulnerability to risks in the female labor force . The study demonstrated the importance of the Random Effects Model (REM) using the the log-transformed data. The study revealed a positive impact of both and on the real GDP while the variable has a negative impact both in Lebanon and France during the period (2008-2017).

The Right to Life

10.1093/law/9780199559695.003.0015 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

William A. Schabas

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

Use Of Force ◽

International Humanitarian Law ◽

Political Rights ◽

Humanitarian Law ◽

Right To Life ◽

Rules And Principles ◽

The Right ◽

Self Defence

This chapter examines the rules and principles of the international humanitarian law (IHL) governing the right to life. It discusses the origins and scope of the right to life and clarifies that the protection provided by the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) does not cease in times of war. It also considers some widely-recognized exceptions to or limitations upon the right to life, including killing in self-defence and the lethal use of force by the authorities in order to prevent crime. This chapter argues that while resorting to armed force may be necessary to prevent human rights violations, its benefits should not be exaggerated.