Is Russia Fascist?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlene Laruelle
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
World Order ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Far Right ◽  
Historical Revisionism ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Moral High Ground ◽  
Second World

In Is Russia Fascist? This book argues that the charge of “fascism” has become a strategic narrative of the current world order. Vladimir Putin's regime has increasingly been accused of embracing fascism, supposedly evidenced by Russia's annexation of Crimea, its historical revisionism, attacks on liberal democratic values, and its support for far-right movements in Europe. But at the same time Russia has branded itself as the world's preeminent antifascist power because of its sacrifices during the Second World War while it has also emphasized how opponents to the Soviet Union in Central and Eastern Europe collaborated with Nazi Germany. This book closely analyzes accusations of fascism toward Russia, soberly assessing both their origins and their accuracy. By labeling ideological opponents as fascist, regardless of their actual values or actions, geopolitical rivals are able to frame their own vision of the world and claim the moral high ground. Through a detailed examination of the Russian domestic scene and the Kremlin's foreign policy rationales, the book disentangles the foundation for, meaning, and validity of accusations of fascism in and around Russia. It shows that the efforts to label opponents as fascist is ultimately an attempt to determine the role of Russia in Europe's future.

The Second World War

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balázs Trencsényi ◽  
Michal Kopeček ◽  
Luka Lisjak Gabrijelčič ◽  
Maria Falina ◽  
Mónika Baár ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
World Order ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
East Central Europe ◽  
Resistance Movements ◽  
Hard Time ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Second World

The Second World War catalyzed a profound reconfiguration of the political discourse in East Central Europe. A considerable part of the region experienced consecutive occupation regimes, which triggered strategies of playing out the occupiers against each other. A central tenet of any legitimization of collaboration was the idea that the liberal democratic world order had disintegrated and a new totalitarian Zeitgeist had emerged in its stead. In turn, the resistance movements were organized either by communists or by members of the prewar elites. The former had a hard time coping with the Nazi–Soviet friendship in 1939–41, and later had to show their relative independence from the Soviet Union in order to gain legitimacy in their societies. The resistance led by the members of the old elites, in turn, had to prove that they were able to modify their old ideas for a new situation. The chapter also reviews the first reactions to the genocidal policies during the war.

Reagan ’s Democratic Revolution

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony Smith
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
American Foreign Policy ◽  
World Order ◽  
Current Strength ◽  
Apparent Contradiction ◽  
Free Markets ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Democratic Revolution ◽  
Constructive Engagement

This chapter examines Ronald Reagan's commitment to the tenets of liberal democratic internationalism, and in particular his promotion of a global “democratic revolution” characterized by an apparent contradiction between activism and moderation in American foreign policy. It begins with a discussion of the Reagan administration's strategy that called for a a minimal effort on its part to realize its vision of a world order dominated by democratic governments, with emphasis on three key operational programs: “constructive engagement”; the push for antistatist, free markets abroad; and the Reagan Doctrine. The chapter then considers the role played by the Reagan administration's policies to the collapse of communism in the Soviet Union and the succeeding prestige of democratic governance worldwide. It argues that the American role in the spread of democracy worldwide in the twentieth century was a necessary, but not sufficient, cause for the current strength of democratic government.

To the discussion about the modern world order

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
A. Mustafabeyli
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Intergovernmental Relations ◽  
World System ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
World Order ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The World ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Second World

In many political researches there if a conclusion that the world system which was founded after the Second world war is destroyed of chaos. But the world system couldn`t work while the two opposite systems — socialist and capitalist were in hard confrontation. After collapse of the Soviet Union and the European socialist community the nature of intergovernmental relations and behavior of the international community did not change. The power always was and still is the main tool of international communication.

Implications

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Edele
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Soviet Regime ◽  
World War ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Middle Position ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
War Effort ◽  
Second World

This chapter turns to the present and explains the implications of the current study for the ongoing debate about the Soviet Union in the Second World War and in particular about the role of loyalty and disloyalty in the Soviet war effort. It argues that this study strengthens those who argue for a middle position: the majority of Soviet citizens were neither unquestioningly loyal to the Stalinist regime nor convinced resisters. The majority, instead, saw their interests as distinct from both the German and the Soviet regime. Nevertheless, ideology remains important if we want to understand why in the Soviet Union more resisted or collaborated than elsewhere in Europe and Asia.

After the Cold War: Wilsonianism Resurgent?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony Smith
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
National Security ◽  
World Order ◽  
The United States ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Selective Approach ◽  
The Cold War

This chapter examines the United States's Wilsonianism in the post-Cold War era, first under George H. W. Bush and then under Bill Clinton. It considers how Bush, who became president as the Soviet Union was disintegrating and its leaders were looking for a new framework of understanding with the West, used Wilsonianism to address the question of establishing a world order favorable to American national security. It also discusses various Bush initiatives that were designed to establish a new world order after the cold war, Clinton's selective approach to liberal democratic internationalism, the effects of liberal economic practices on American national security, and the link between nationalism and liberal democracy. Finally, it assesses some of the challenges involved in the United States' efforts to bring about stable constitutional governance in many parts of the world.

scholarly journals Ressourcen-Extraktivismus oder Re-Industrialisierung?

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (181) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Jaitner
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
World Order ◽  
Negotiation Process ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Soviet Space ◽  
Mode Of Development ◽  
Vladimir Putin

Against the backdrop of the recent conflicts in the Ukraine and Syria the article examines Russia’s geopolitical strategy in the context of a “new world order”. Starting with the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the beginning of capitalist reforms in the early 1990s the focus lies on the negotiation process of a new hegemonic consensus among the Russian elites represented by Vladimir Putin. Special attention is drawn to the role of the state and its key role stabilizing both social and power relations. Furthermore, the article analyses the expansionist strategies of Russian capital and its geopolitical interests, especially in the post-soviet space. The current financial and economic crisis has lead to conflicts among the elites on the resource-extractive mode of development and its one-sided dependency on natural resources. Therefore, the article highlights both the plans on import substitution and new integration process in the postsoviet space (Eurasian Union) asking whether these developments might contribute to a reconfiguration of Russia’s geopolitical role.

Department of Peacekeeping Operations

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herman T. Salton
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
New World ◽  
World Order ◽  
New World Order ◽  
Rwandan Genocide ◽  
Peacekeeping Operations ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Cold War

This chapter reviews the role of the Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO) before and during the Rwandan genocide. After introducing the peculiar context of the early 1990s and the promises of the so-called ‘New World Order’ which followed the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War, the chapter outlines the role of DPKO during the early reconnaissance mission to Rwanda and reviews several decisions taken by the peacekeeping department. These include the size of the mission and its troop levels, the so-called ‘genocide cable’ sent by Dallaire about forthcoming ethnic massacres, and the mandate and rules of engagement of the Rwandan operation. The chapter also introduces the phenomenon of the ‘anticipatory veto’, or a tendency on the part of Secretariat officials to recommend to the Security Council only what the latter is likely to endorse.

scholarly journals THE ISSUE OF THE COLLAPSE OF THE SOVIET EMPIRE

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-147
Author(s):  
S. Martirosyan
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
World Economy ◽  
New World ◽  
World Order ◽  
New World Order ◽  
Soviet Empire ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The World

The author of the article argues that the M. Gorbachev Reconstruction (Perestroyka) had deliberately been designed to cause the collapse of the Soviet Union, to drag the country in the world economy and lay a foundation to establish a “New World Order”. Meanwhile, the author demonstrates how the process of collapse was kept secretly, and the role of foreign factors contributed to that collapse.

Verse from the battlefield: Russian poetry of the Great Patriotic War

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (19) ◽  
pp. 88-116
Author(s):  
Maria Bloshteyn
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
War Correspondents ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
The Difference ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Second World

This article considers the historical, political, and cultural contexts of both Russian Soviet and Russian émigré poetry about the second world war. It outlines the reasons for and the foundations of the extraordinarily abundant outpouring of Russian Soviet poems during the war (unmatched by any other country taking part in the war), including the platforms created by the state to receive and broadcast poetry, the importance of war correspondents, and the role of propaganda. It delineates the way poets were viewed as important allies and moral compasses during the war (their poems were considered weapons), and shows how and why this was all changed after the war. It also considers the situation in the main émigré literary centres when the war broke out, and the difference in attitudes toward the Soviet Union.

Music Recording and the Recording Industry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pekka Gronow
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Recording Industry ◽  
World War ◽  
Radio Stations ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Popular Music History ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Second World

Records have become an essential source for popular music history. The article discusses the technical development and global expansion of the international recording industry from the 1890s to the 2010s. Production peaked in 1929 and started to grow again after the Second World War. As the technology developed, independent recording studios were established, and the infrastructure for making records became widely available. The article also discusses the special case of record production in the Soviet Union. In the early days of radio, stations produced music themselves, but since the 1960s, radio has mostly relied on records. Many public broadcasters still have large music archives. Television has also been important for documenting and marketing music. Since 2000, the recording industry has made a successful transition to the internet. Access to social networks has given birth to a large number of microproducers, and the role of music videos has increased.

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