Detection of Brugia malayi antigens in serum samples of humans living at Perak Tengah, Peninsular Malaysia : Field evaluation

Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) is recognized as a major cause of respiratory, reproductive disease and abortion in cattle. Vaccination is widely applied to minimize losses induced by BoHV-1 infections; however, vaccination of dams during pregnancy with modified live virus (MLV) vaccines has been occasionally associated to abortions. We have previously reported the development of a BoHV-1 recombinant virus, constructed with basis on a Brazilian BoHV-1 (Franco et al. 2002a) from which the gene coding for glycoprotein E (gE) was deleted (gE-) by genetic manipulation. Such recombinant has been previously evaluated in its potential as a differential vaccine (gE- vaccine) that allows differentiation between vaccinated and infected animals. Here, in the first part of the present study, the safety of the gE- vaccine during pregnancy was evaluated by the intramuscular inoculation of 10(7.4) tissue culture 50 % infective doses (TCID50) of the virus into 22 pregnant dams (14 BoHV-1 seronegative; 8 seropositive), at different stages of gestation. Other 15 pregnant dams were kept as non-vaccinated controls. No abortions, stillbirths or fetal abnormalities were seen after vaccination. Seroconversion was observed in both groups of previously seronegative vaccinated animals. In the second part of the study, the potential of the gE- vaccine virus to spread among beef cattle under field conditions was examined. Four heifers were inoculated intranasally with a larger amount (10(7,6) TCID50) of the gE- vaccine (to increase chances of transmission) and mixed with other sixteen animals at the same age and body condition, in the same grazing area, at a population density equal to the average cattle farming density within the region (one cattle head per 10,000 m²), for 180 days. All animals were monitored daily for clinical signs. Serum samples were collected on days 0, 30, 60 and 180 post-vaccination. Seroconversion was observed only in vaccinated heifers. These results indicate that, under the conditions of the present study, the gE- vaccine virus did not cause any noticeable harmful effect on pregnant dams and on its offspring and did not spread horizontally among cattle.

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Exposure to Zoonotic West Nile Virus in Long-Tailed Macaques and Bats in Peninsular Malaysia

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10122367 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 2367

Author(s):

Mohd Yuseri Ain-Najwa ◽

Abd Rahaman Yasmin ◽

Siti Suri Arshad ◽

Abdul Rahman Omar ◽

Jalila Abu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

West Nile Virus ◽

Peninsular Malaysia ◽

Wild Birds ◽

Antibody Detection ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Mangrove Forests ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Serum Samples ◽

West Nile ◽

The Status

The role of wildlife such as wild birds, macaques, and bats in the spreading and maintenance of deadly zoonotic pathogens in nature have been well documented in many parts of the world. One such pathogen is the mosquitoes borne virus, namely the West Nile Virus (WNV). Previous research has shown that 1:7 and 1:6 Malaysian wild birds are WNV antibody and RNA positive, respectively, and bats in North America may not be susceptible to the WNV infection. This study was conducted to determine the status of WNV in Malaysian macaques and bats found in mangrove forests and caves, respectively. Archive sera and oropharyngeal swabs from long-tailed macaques were subjected to the antibody detection using WNV competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA) and WNV RNA using RT-PCR, respectively, while the archive oropharyngeal and rectal swabs from bats were subjected to RT-PCR without serological analysis due to the unavailability of serum samples. The analysis revealed a WNV seropositivity of 29.63% (24/81) and none of the macaques were positive for WNV RNA. Meanwhile, 12.2% (5/41) of the bats from Pteropodidae, Emballonuridae, and Rhinolophidae families tested positive for WNV RNA. Here, we show a high WNV antibody prevalence in macaques and a moderate WNV RNA in various Malaysian bat species, suggesting that WNV circulates through Malaysian wild animals and Malaysian bat species may be susceptible to the WNV infection.

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Field and laboratory observations on Coquillettidia crassipes in relation to transmission of Brugia malayi in Peninsular Malaysia

Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology ◽

10.1080/00034983.1986.11811989 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 80 (1) ◽

pp. 117-121

Author(s):

G. L. Chiang ◽

W. A. Samarawickrema ◽

J. W. Mak ◽

W. H. Cheong ◽

I. Sulaiman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brugia Malayi ◽

Peninsular Malaysia

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Serological evidence of West Nile viral infection in archived swine serum samples from Peninsular Malaysia

Journal of Veterinary Science ◽

10.4142/jvs.2021.22.e29 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammed Nma Mohammed ◽

Abd Rahaman Yasmin ◽

Mohd Adzahan Noraniza ◽

Siti Zubaidah Ramanoon ◽

Siti Suri Arshad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Viral Infection ◽

Peninsular Malaysia ◽

Serological Evidence ◽

Serum Samples ◽

West Nile ◽

Swine Serum

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Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies in Stray Dogs from Various Locations in West and East Malaysia

The Korean Journal of Parasitology ◽

10.3347/kjp.2020.58.5.487 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 58 (5) ◽

pp. 487-492

Author(s):

Malaika Watanabe ◽

Mohammed Babatunde Sadiq ◽

Nazrul Iqbal Abdul Mulop ◽

Konto Mohammed ◽

Puteri Azaziah Megat Rani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Protozoan Parasite ◽

Peninsular Malaysia ◽

Mechanical Transmission ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Stray Dogs ◽

East Malaysia ◽

Zoonotic Parasite ◽

East And West

Toxoplasmosis is caused by an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite; Toxoplasma gondii, which is one of the most important zoonotic parasite worldwide. In dogs, the sexual reproductive cycle of T. gondii is lacking, and the animals are not widely consumed as food, but they are vital in the mechanical transmission of the parasite. However, there is no present data on the exposure of stray dogs to T. gondii in Malaysia. The objective of this serological survey was to determine the prevalence of T. gondii antibodies (IgG) and associated factors in stray dogs in East and West Malaysia. Antibodies to T. gondii were determined in serum samples from 222 stray dogs from 6 different states in East and West Malaysia (Peninsular Malaysia) using an Indirect ELISA. The seroprevalence for T. gondii was 23.4% (Confidence interval: CI 17.8-29.2%). Stray dogs from Selangor and Kuala Lumpur had the highest seroprevalence (32.4%; CI 13.2-45.5%) and lowest in those from Penang and Kedah (12.5%; CI 1.3-23.5%). Gender and breed were not associated with T. gondii seropositivity. However, adult dogs were more likely to be seropositive for T. gondii (OR=2.89; CI 1.1-7.7) compared with younger dogs. These results revealed that T. gondii is prevalent in stray dogs in the studied areas in Malaysia, and indicative of the level of environmental contamination of this parasite especially in urban areas.

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Field Evaluation of Commercial Vaccines against Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (Ibr) Virus Using Different Immunization Protocols

Vaccines ◽

10.3390/vaccines9040408 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 408

Author(s):

Laureana De Brun ◽

Mauro Leites ◽

Agustín Furtado ◽

Fabricio Campos ◽

Paulo Roehe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neutralizing Antibodies ◽

Neutralizing Antibody ◽

Field Evaluation ◽

Antibody Responses ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Post Vaccination ◽

Clinical Syndromes ◽

Igg2 Antibody ◽

Clinical Protection ◽

Group 2

Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 is ubiquitous in cattle populations and is associated with several clinical syndromes, including respiratory disease, genital disease, infertility and abortions. Control of the virus in many parts of the world is achieved primarily through vaccination with either inactivated or live modified viral vaccines. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of four commercially available BoHV-1 vaccines commonly used in Central and South America. Animals were divided into eight groups and vaccinated on days 0 and 30. Groups 1 to 4 received two doses of four different BoHV-1 commercial vaccines (named A to D). Groups 5 and 6 received vaccine D plus a vaccine for either Clostridial or Food-and-Mouth-Disease (FMD), respectively. Group 7 received one dose of two different brands of reproductive vaccines. Serum samples were collected from all animals on days 0, 30 and 60 to evaluate neutralizing and isotype-specific (IgG1 and IgG2) antibodies. Of the four commercial vaccines evaluated, only vaccine A induced neutralizing antibodies to titers ≥ 1:8 in 13/15 (86%) of the animals 60 days post-vaccination. Levels of IgG2 antibody increased in all groups, except for group 2 after the first dose of vaccine B. These results show that only vaccine A induced significant and detectable levels of BoHV-1-neutralizing antibodies. The combination of vaccine D with Clostridial or FMD vaccines did not affect neutralizing antibody responses to BoHV-1. The antibody responses of three of the four commercial vaccines analyzed here were lower than admissible by vaccine A. These results may be from vaccination failure, but means to identify the immune signatures predictive of clinical protection against BoHV-1 in cattle should also be considered.

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