scholarly journals A systematic review and realist synthesis on toilet paper hoarding: COVID or not COVID, that is the question

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10771
Author(s):  
Javier Labad ◽  
Alexandre González-Rodríguez ◽  
Jesus Cobo ◽  
Joaquim Puntí ◽  
Josep Maria Farré
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
General Population ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Realist Review ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Stressful Situation ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Toilet Paper

Objective To explore whether the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is associated with toilet paper hoarding and to assess which risk factors are associated with the risk of toilet paper hoarding. Design A systematic review and realist review were conducted. Data sources PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and PsycINFO were searched (systematic review). PubMed, pre-prints and grey literature were also searched (realist review). The databases were searched from inception until October 2020. Study selection There were no restrictions on the study design. Outcomes and measures For the systematic review, toilet paper hoarding was the main outcome, and pathological use of toilet paper was the secondary outcome. For the realist review, the context-mechanisms-outcome (CMO) scheme included the COVID-19 pandemic (context), four proposed mechanisms, and one outcome (toilet paper hoarding). The four potential mechanisms were (1) gastrointestinal mechanisms of COVID-19 (e.g. diarrhoea), (2) social cognitive biases, (3) stress-related factors (mental illnesses, personality traits) and (4) cultural aspects (e.g. differences between countries). Eligibility criteria for selecting studies All studies of human populations were considered (including general population studies and clinical studies of patients suffering from mental health problems). Results The systematic review identified 14 studies (eight studies for the main outcome, six studies for the secondary outcome). Three surveys identified the role of the COVID-19 threat in toilet paper hoarding in the general population. One study pointed to an association between a personality trait (conscientiousness) and toilet paper buying and stockpiling as well as an additional significant indirect effect of emotionality through the perceived threat of COVID-19 on toilet paper buying and stockpiling. Six case reports of pathological use of toilet paper were also identified, although none of them were associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. The realist review suggested that of all the mechanisms, social cognitive biases and a bandwagon effect were potential contributors to toilet paper hoarding in the general population. The stressful situation (COVID-19 pandemic) and some personality traits (conscientiousness) were found to be associated with toilet paper hoarding. Cultural differences were also identified, with relatively substantial effects of toilet paper hoarding in several Asian regions (Australia, Japan, Taiwan and Singapore). Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with a worldwide increase in toilet paper hoarding. Social media and social cognitive biases are major contributors and might explain some differences in toilet paper hoarding between countries. Other mental health-related factors, such as the stressful situation of the COVID-19 pandemic, fear of contagion, or particular personality traits (conscientiousness), are likely to be involved. Registration PROSPERO CRD42020182308

scholarly journals Understanding the Influence of Personality Traits on Risk of Suicidal Behaviour in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 4604
Author(s):  
Manuel Canal-Rivero ◽  
Rosa Ayesa-Arriola ◽  
Esther Setién-Suero ◽  
Benedicto Crespo-Facorro ◽  
Celso Arango ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Premature Deaths ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Risk of suicidal behaviour (SB) in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) is a major concern, particularly in early stages of the illness, when suicide accounts for a high number of premature deaths. Although some risk factors for SB in SSD are well understood, the extent to which personality traits may affect this risk remains unclear, which may have implications for prevention. We conducted a systematic review of previous studies indexed in MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Embase examining the relationship between personality traits and SB in samples of patients with SSD. Seven studies fulfilled predetermined selection criteria. Harm avoidance, passive-dependent, schizoid and schizotypal personality traits increased the risk of SB, while self-directedness, cooperativeness, excluding persistence and self-transcendence acted as protective factors. Although only seven studies were retrieved from three major databases after applying predetermined selection criteria, we found some evidence to support that personality issues may contribute to SB in patients with SSD. Personality traits may therefore become part of routine suicide risk assessment and interventions targeting these personality-related factors may contribute to prevention of SB in SSD.

scholarly journals INTERNATIONAL PREVALENCE OF CONSULTATION WITH A NATUROPATHIC PRACTITIONER: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amie Steel ◽  
Rebecca Redmond ◽  
Janet Schloss ◽  
Holger Cramer ◽  
Joshua Goldenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
General Population ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
World Health ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
World Region ◽  
World Regions ◽  
History Of

Objectives: Naturopathy is a traditional medicine system informed by codified philosophies and principles, and an emphasis on non-pharmacologic therapeutic interventions. While naturopathy is practiced by approximately 75 000 to 100 000 naturopathic practitioners in at least 98 countries, little is known about the international prevalence of history of consultation with a naturopathic practitioner. This study reports a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies describing the global prevalence of history of consultation with a naturopathic practitioner by the general population. Setting: The included literature was identified through a systematic search of eight databases between September and October 2019, as well as the grey literature. Participants: Studies were included if they reported the prevalence rate of consultations with a naturopathic practitioner by the general population Interventions: Survey items needed to report consultations with a naturopathic practitioner as defined in the country where data was collected, and not combine naturopathic consultations with other health services or only report consulations for illness populations. Primary and secondary outcome measures: Primary measures used for the analysis was consultations in the previous 12-months. Other prevalence timeframes were reported as secondary measures. Methods: Meta-analysis of prevalence data was conducted using random effects models based on individual countries and World Health Organisation (WHO) world regions. Results: The literature search identified eight manuscripts summarizing 13 studies reporting prevalence for inclusion in the review. All included studies had a low risk of bias. Meta-analysis of the included studies by world region found the 12-month prevalence of history of naturopathy consultations ranged from 1% in the Region of the Americas to 6% in the European and Western Pacific Regions. Conclusions: There are up to 6-fold differences in the prevalence of naturopathy consults over 12-months between and within world regions, which may be driven by a range of policy, legislative and social factors.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Use and Misuse in Dentistry in India—A Systematic Review

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1459
Author(s):  
Aarthi Bhuvaraghan ◽  
Rebecca King ◽  
Harriet Larvin ◽  
Vishal R. Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
General Population ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Middle Income Countries ◽  
Dental Practitioners

Infections caused by antibiotic resistance pose a serious global health threat, undermining our ability to treat common infections and deliver complex medical procedures. Antibiotic misuse, particularly in low-–middle-income countries, is accelerating this problem. Aim: The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the use and misuse of antibiotics in dentistry in India. Method: We included studies carried out on Indian populations evaluating the prescription of prophylactic or therapeutic antibiotics by dental practitioners or other healthcare providers, along with antibiotic self-medication by the general population. The primary outcome measure was prescription rate/use of antibiotics for dental/oral problems. The secondary outcome measures included indications for antibiotic use in dentistry, their types and regimens, factors influencing practitioners’ prescription patterns and any differences based on prescriber and patient characteristics. Multiple databases were searched with no restrictions on language or publication date. The quality assessment of all included studies was carried out using the AXIS tool for cross-sectional studies and the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist for qualitative studies. Results: Of the 1377 studies identified, 50 were eligible for review, comprising 35 questionnaire surveys, 14 prescription audits and one qualitative study (semi-structured interviews). The overall quality of the included studies was found to be low to moderate. The proportion of antibiotic prescriptions amongst all prescriptions made was found to range from 27% to 88%, with most studies reporting antibiotics in over half of all prescriptions; studies also reported a high proportion of prescriptions with a fixed dose drug combination. Worryingly, combination doses not recommended by the WHO AWaRe classification were being used. The rate of antibiotic self-medication reported for dental problems varied from 5% to 35%. Conclusions: Our review identified the significant misuse of antibiotics for dental diseases, with inappropriate use therapeutically and prophylactically, the use of broad spectrum and combination antibiotics not recommended by WHO, and self-medication by the general population. There is an urgent need for targeted stewardship programmes in this arena.

scholarly journals Factors influencing the effectiveness of remote patient monitoring interventions: a realist review

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. e051844
Author(s):  
Emma E Thomas ◽  
Monica L Taylor ◽  
Annie Banbury ◽  
Centaine L Snoswell ◽  
Helen M Haydon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Acute Care ◽  
Patient Monitoring ◽  
Realist Review ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Remote Patient Monitoring ◽  
Coordinated Care ◽  
Biometric Data ◽  
Remote Patient ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesOur recent systematic review determined that remote patient monitoring (RPM) interventions can reduce acute care use. However, effectiveness varied within and between populations. Clinicians, researchers, and policymakers require more than evidence of effect; they need guidance on how best to design and implement RPM interventions. Therefore, this study aimed to explore these results further to (1) identify factors of RPM interventions that relate to increased and decreased acute care use and (2) develop recommendations for future RPM interventions.DesignRealist review—a qualitative systematic review method which aims to identify and explain why intervention results vary in different situations. We analysed secondarily 91 studies included in our previous systematic review that reported on RPM interventions and the impact on acute care use. Online databases PubMed, EMBASE and CINAHL were searched in October 2020. Included studies were published in English during 2015–2020 and used RPM to monitor an individual’s biometric data (eg, heart rate, blood pressure) from a distance.Primary and secondary outcome measuresContextual factors and potential mechanisms that led to variation in acute care use (hospitalisations, length of stay or emergency department presentations).ResultsAcross a range of RPM interventions 31 factors emerged that impact the effectiveness of RPM innovations on acute care use. These were synthesised into six theories of intervention success: (1) targeting populations at high risk; (2) accurately detecting a decline in health; (3) providing responsive and timely care; (4) personalising care; (5) enhancing self-management, and (6) ensuring collaborative and coordinated care.ConclusionWhile RPM interventions are complex, if they are designed with patients, providers and the implementation setting in mind and incorporate the key variables identified within this review, it is more likely that they will be effective at reducing acute hospital events.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020142523.

scholarly journals Distinct trajectories of physical activity and related factors during the life course in the general population: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irinja Lounassalo ◽  
Kasper Salin ◽  
Anna Kankaanpää ◽  
Mirja Hirvensalo ◽  
Sanna Palomäki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
General Population ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
The Life Course

Personality of Clown Doctors

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Dionigi
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Big Five Personality Traits ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Big Five Personality

Abstract. In recent years, both professional and volunteer clowns have become familiar in health settings. The clown represents a peculiar humorist’s character, strictly associated with the performer’s own personality. In this study, the Big Five personality traits (BFI) of 155 Italian clown doctors (130 volunteers and 25 professionals) were compared to published data for the normal population. This study highlighted specific differences between clown doctors and the general population: Clown doctors showed higher agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness, and extraversion, as well as lower neuroticism compared to other people. Moreover, specific differences emerged comparing volunteers and professionals: Professional clowns showed significantly lower in agreeableness compared to their unpaid colleagues. The results are also discussed with reference to previous studies conducted on groups of humorists. Clowns’ personalities showed some peculiarities that can help to explain the facility for their performances in the health setting and that are different than those of other groups of humorists.

Understanding and reducing tension between science and religion: The role of meaning in social cognitive biases and reducing defensiveness

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daryl R. Van Tongeren ◽  
Jeffrey D. Green ◽  
Timothy L. Hulsey ◽  
Cristine H. Legare ◽  
David G. Bromley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Science And Religion
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