scholarly journals Diversity improves performance in excitable networks

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e1912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo L. Gollo ◽  
Mauro Copelli ◽  
James A. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Information Transmission ◽  
Collective Behavior ◽  
General Model ◽  
Heterogeneous Systems ◽  
Optimal Performance ◽  
Excitable Systems ◽  
Neuronal Systems

As few real systems comprise indistinguishable units, diversity is a hallmark of nature. Diversity among interacting units shapes properties of collective behavior such as synchronization and information transmission. However, the benefits of diversity on information processing at the edge of a phase transition, ordinarily assumed to emerge from identical elements, remain largely unexplored. Analyzing a general model of excitable systems with heterogeneous excitability, we find that diversity can greatly enhance optimal performance (by two orders of magnitude) when distinguishing incoming inputs. Heterogeneous systems possess a subset of specialized elements whose capability greatly exceeds that of the nonspecialized elements. We also find that diversity can yield multiple percolation, with performance optimized at tricriticality. Our results are robust in specific and more realistic neuronal systems comprising a combination of excitatory and inhibitory units, and indicate that diversity-induced amplification can be harnessed by neuronal systems for evaluating stimulus intensities.

Stress, Operator Error, and Transportation Accidents

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 1453-1458
Author(s):  
Caroline Crump ◽  
Stephen Walenchok ◽  
Chris Johnson ◽  
Joseph Pauszek ◽  
Douglas Young
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Optimal Performance ◽  
Motor Execution ◽  
Human Errors ◽  
Operator Error ◽  
Vehicle Operation

Psychological and physiological stress impacts information processing at many levels, from attention and perceptual processes to reasoning and decision-making to motor execution. These effects can be highly adaptive, resulting in optimal performance. However, these effects can also result in serious degradation of performance, leading to human errors that often contribute to accidents. In this paper we review the variety of detrimental effects stress can have on different stages of information processing and provide examples of how these deficits can lead to accidents in motor vehicle operation and aviation.

Collective Threshold Model Based on Utility and Psychological Theories

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 55-63
Author(s):  
Zhenpeng Li ◽  
Xijin Tang
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Collective Behavior ◽  
Threshold Model ◽  
Friendship Network ◽  
Activation Threshold ◽  
Psychological Theories ◽  
Numeric Simulation ◽  
Spatial Factor ◽  
Critical Phase ◽  
Phase Transition Characteristic

In this paper the authors investigate critical phase transition characteristic of collective action by considering the mechanisms of both rational utility and psychological threshold based on the Granovetter (1978)'s threshold model. Numeric simulation is used to observe the collective dynamics with consideration of both spatial factor and social network friendship density. The authors observe that activation threshold model with both utility and psychological thresholds included shows more stable in phase transition than that in the classic model. The authors also find that spatial factor and friendship network density have trivial impact on final equilibrium of collective behavior.

scholarly journals Correlated activity favors synergistic processing in local cortical networks in vitro at synaptically relevant timescales

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 678-697
Author(s):  
Samantha P. Sherrill ◽  
Nicholas M. Timme ◽  
John M. Beggs ◽  
Ehren L. Newman
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Mutual Information ◽  
Information Transmission ◽  
Cortical Circuits ◽  
Correlated Activity ◽  
Neural Information ◽  
Neural Information Processing ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Information Values

Neural information processing is widely understood to depend on correlations in neuronal activity. However, whether correlation is favorable or not is contentious. Here, we sought to determine how correlated activity and information processing are related in cortical circuits. Using recordings of hundreds of spiking neurons in organotypic cultures of mouse neocortex, we asked whether mutual information between neurons that feed into a common third neuron increased synergistic information processing by the receiving neuron. We found that mutual information and synergistic processing were positively related at synaptic timescales (0.05–14 ms), where mutual information values were low. This effect was mediated by the increase in information transmission—of which synergistic processing is a component—that resulted as mutual information grew. However, at extrasynaptic windows (up to 3,000 ms), where mutual information values were high, the relationship between mutual information and synergistic processing became negative. In this regime, greater mutual information resulted in a disproportionate increase in redundancy relative to information transmission. These results indicate that the emergence of synergistic processing from correlated activity differs according to timescale and correlation regime. In a low-correlation regime, synergistic processing increases with greater correlation, and in a high-correlation regime, synergistic processing decreases with greater correlation.

Developing a Framework for Information Sharing of Heterogeneous Systems in Southwest of China

2014 ◽  
Vol 519-520 ◽  
pp. 1576-1580
Author(s):  
Gui Xian Zhou ◽  
Xiao Qiong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Information Sharing ◽  
System Design ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Heterogeneous Systems ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Manufacturing Information ◽  
Important Means ◽  
Complex Project

It is widely considered that standardization is an important means for information processing£¬exchanging£¬managing and clearing up technical bulwark more effectively. The paper studies the theoretics and methods about the E-HUB platform. After analyze business environment in Southwest China, a generic conceptual framework will be developed and a prototype implementation of the generic concepts will be benchmarked in system design of manufacturing information system. The small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) can solve their complex project tasks and participate in projects far exceeding their individual capabilities.

scholarly journals Perceptual timing precision with vibrotactile, auditory, and multisensory stimuli

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel F. Sussman ◽  
Mercedes B. Villalonga ◽  
Robert Sekuler
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Temporal Processing ◽  
Cell Phones ◽  
Optimal Performance ◽  
Temporal Acuity ◽  
Memory Traces ◽  
Timing Precision ◽  
Psychometric Modeling ◽  
Perceptual Timing ◽  
Perceptual Limits

It is important to understand the perceptual limits on vibrotactile information-processing because of the increasing use of vibrotactile signals in common technologies like cell phones. To advance such an understanding, we examined vibrotactile temporal acuity and compared it to auditory and bimodal (synchronous vibrotactile and auditory) temporal acuity. In a pair of experiments, subjects experienced a series of empty intervals, demarcated by stimulus pulses from one of the three modalities. One trial contained up to 5 intervals, where the first intervals were isochronous at 400 ms, and the last interval varied from 400 by ±1-80 ms. If the final interval was < 400 ms, the last pulse seemed “early”, and if the final interval was > 400 ms, the last pulse seemed “late”. In Experiment One, each trial contained four intervals, where the first three were isochronous. Subjects judged the timing of the last interval by describing the final pulse as either “early” or “late”. In Experiment Two, the number of isochronous intervals in a trial varied from one to four. Psychometric modeling revealed that vibrotactile temporal processing was less acute than auditory or bimodal temporal processing, and that auditory inputs dominated bimodal perception. Additionally, varying the number of isochronous intervals did not affect temporal sensitivity in either modality, suggesting the formation of memory traces. Overall, these results suggest that vibrotactile temporal processing is worse than auditory or bimodal temporal processing, which are similar. Also, subjects need no more than one isochronous reminder per trial for optimal performance.

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