scholarly journals Reproductive ecology and isolation ofPsittacanthus calyculatusandP. auriculatusmistletoes (Loranthaceae)

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Díaz Infante ◽  
Carlos Lara ◽  
María del Coro Arizmendi ◽  
Luis E. Eguiarte ◽  
Juan Francisco Ornelas
Keyword(s):  
Breeding System ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Floral Biology ◽  
Host Tree ◽  
Sympatric Populations ◽  
Trait Divergence ◽  
Ecological Isolation ◽  
Hand Pollination ◽  
Host Tree Species ◽  
Seed Dispersers

BackgroundRelationships between floral biology and pollinator behavior are important to understanding species diversity of hemiparasiticPsittacanthusmistletoes (c. 120 species). We aimed to investigate trait divergence linked to pollinator attraction and reproductive isolation (RI) in two hummingbird-pollinated and bird-dispersedPsittacanthusspecies with range overlap.MethodsWe investigated the phylogenetic relationships, floral biology, pollinator assemblages, seed dispersers and host usage, and the breeding system and female reproductive success of two sympatric populations ofP. calyculatusandP. auriculatus, and one allopatric population ofP. calyculatus. Flowers in sympatry were also reciprocally pollinated to assess a post-mating component ofRI.ResultsHummingbird assemblages differed betweencalyculatuspopulations, while allopatric plants ofcalyculatusopened more but smaller flowers with longer lifespans and produced less nectar than those in sympatry. Bayesian-based phylogenetic analysis indicated monophyly forcalyculatuspopulations (i.e. both populations belong to the same species). In sympatry,calyculatusplants opened more and larger flowers with longer lifespans and produced same nectar volume than those ofauriculatus; populations shared pollinators but seed dispersers and host usage differed between species. Nectar standing crops differed between sympatric populations, with lower visitation incalyculatus. Hand pollination experiments indicated a predominant outcrossing breeding system, with fruit set after interspecific pollination two times higher fromcalyculatustoauriculatusthan in the opposite direction.ConclusionsGiven the low genetic differentiation betweencalyculatuspopulations, observed trait divergence could have resulted from changes regarding the local communities of pollinators and, therefore, expected divergence for peripheral, allopatric populations. UsingRIestimates, there were fewer heterospecific matings than expected by chance inP. calyculatus(RI4A= 0.629) as compared toP. auriculatus(RI4A= 0.20). When considering other factors of ecological isolation that affect co-occurrence, theRI4Cvalues indicate that isolation by hummingbird pollinators was less effective (0.20) than isolation by host tree species and seed dispersers (0.80 and 0.60, respectively), suggesting that host usage is the most important ecological isolation factor between the two species. Accordingly, the absolute and relative cumulative strength values indicated that the host tree species’ barrier is currently contributing the most to maintaining these species in sympatry.

scholarly journals Impact of Harvest Conditions and Host Tree Species on Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Extracts from Viscum album L.

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 3741
Author(s):  
Wioleta Pietrzak ◽  
Renata Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Host Tree ◽  
Host Tree Species ◽  
High Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Mistletoe Extracts

The content of plant secondary metabolites is not stable, and factors such as the region/location effect and seasonal variations have an impact on their chemical composition, especially in parasitic plants. Research in this area is an important step in the development of quality parameter standards of medicinal plants and their finished products. The effects of the time and place of harvest and the host tree species on the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of mistletoe extracts were investigated. Statistical tools were used to evaluate the results of the spectrophotometric and LC-ESI-MS/MS studies of the phenolic composition and antioxidant activity. The investigations indicate that the qualitative and quantitative composition, influencing the biological activity of mistletoe extracts, largely depends on the origin of the plant. The mistletoe extracts exhibited a rich phenol profile and high antioxidant activity. The chemometric analysis indicated that mistletoe collected from conifers (Viscum abietis and Viscum austriacum) had the most advantageous chemical composition and antioxidant activity. Moreover, the chemical profile and biological activity of the plant material were closely related to the climatic conditions and location of the harvested plant. Higher levels of phenolic compounds and high antioxidant activity were found in extracts obtained from plant material collected in cold weather with the presence of snow and less sunshine (autumn–winter period).

scholarly journals Wood-inhabiting fungal responses to forest naturalness vary among morpho-groups

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Purhonen Jenna ◽  
Abrego Nerea ◽  
Komonen Atte ◽  
Huhtinen Seppo ◽  
Kotiranta Heikki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Host Tree ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Protected Forests ◽  
Host Tree Species

AbstractThe general negative impact of forestry on wood-inhabiting fungal diversity is well recognized, yet the effect of forest naturalness is poorly disentangled among different fungal groups inhabiting dead wood of different tree species. We studied the relationship between forest naturalness, log characteristics and diversity of different fungal morpho-groups inhabiting large decaying logs of similar quality in spruce dominated boreal forests. We sampled all non-lichenized fruitbodies from birch, spruce, pine and aspen in 12 semi-natural forest sites of varying level of naturalness. The overall fungal community composition was mostly determined by host tree species. However, when assessing the relevance of the environmental variables separately for each tree species, the most important variable varied, naturalness being the most important explanatory variable for fungi inhabiting pine and aspen. More strikingly, the overall species richness increased as the forest naturalness increased, both at the site and log levels. At the site scale, the pattern was mostly driven by the discoid and pyrenoid morpho-groups inhabiting pine, whereas at the log scale, it was driven by pileate and resupinate morpho-groups inhabiting spruce. Although our study demonstrates that formerly managed protected forests serve as effective conservation areas for most wood-inhabiting fungal groups, it also shows that conservation planning and management should account for group- or host tree -specific responses.

scholarly journals Discrimination among host tree species by the ambrosia beetlePlatypus quercivorus

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michimasa Yamasaki ◽  
Kazuyoshi Futai
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Host Tree ◽  
Host Tree Species

Forest age and management effects on epiphytic bryophyte communities in Adirondack northern hardwood forests, New York, U.S.A.

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 1562-1576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory G McGee ◽  
Robin W Kimmerer
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Hardwood Forests ◽  
Host Tree ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Northern Hardwood Forests ◽  
Northern Hardwood ◽  
Host Tree Species

The objective of this study was to assess the influence of substrate heterogeneity on epiphytic bryophyte communities in northern hardwood forests of varying disturbance histories. Specifically, we compared bryophyte abundance (m2·ha–1) and community composition among partially cut; maturing, 90- to 100-year-old, even-aged; and old-growth northern hardwood stands in Adirondack Park, New York, U.S.A. Total bryophyte cover from 0 to 1.5 m above ground level on trees [Formula: see text]10 cm diameter at breast height (DBH) did not differ among the three stand types. However, bryophyte community composition differed among host tree species and among stand types. Communities in partially cut and maturing stands were dominated by xerophytic bryophytes (Platygyrium repens, Frullania eboracensis, Hypnum pallescens, Brachythecium reflexum, Ulota crispa), while old-growth stands contained a greater representation of calcicoles and mesophytic species (Brachythecium oxycladon, Anomodon rugelii, Porella platyphylloidea, Anomodon attenuatus, Leucodon brachypus, Neckera pennata). This mesophyte-calcicole assemblage occurred in all stand types but was limited by the abundance of large-diameter (>50 cm DBH), thick-barked, hardwood host trees (Acer saccharum Marsh., Tilia americana L., Fraxinus americana L.). This study suggested that epiphytic bryophyte diversity can be sustained and enhanced in managed northern hardwood forests by maintaining host tree species diversity and retaining large or old, thick-barked residual hardwood stems when applying even-aged and uneven-aged silviculture systems.

scholarly journals Review of historical outbreaks of the nun moth with respect to host tree species

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 18-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nakládal Oto ◽  
Uhlíková Hana
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Host Tree ◽  
Host Tree Species ◽  
Nun Moth

Effect of Host Tree Species on Cellulase Activity and Bacterial Community Composition in the Gut of Larval Asian Longhorned Beetle

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 686-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott M. Geib ◽  
Maria del Mar Jimenez-Gasco ◽  
John E. Carlson ◽  
Ming Tien ◽  
Kelli Hoover
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Host Tree ◽  
Longhorned Beetle ◽  
Asian Longhorned Beetle ◽  
Host Tree Species

Growth Habits, Host Tree Species, and Density of Hemiepiphytes on Barro Colorado Island, Panama

Biotropica ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Todzia
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Host Tree ◽  
Barro Colorado Island ◽  
Host Tree Species ◽  
Growth Habits

Epiphytic Bryophytes on Alien Host-Tree Species in Wrocław (SW Poland)

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Fudali ◽  
Mariusz Szymanowski
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Host Tree ◽  
Host Tree Species ◽  
Sw Poland

Floral biology and late-acting self-incompatibility in Jacaranda racemosa (Bignoniaceae)

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson S. Bittencourt ◽  
João Semir
Keyword(s):  
Breeding System ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Floral Biology ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Flower Visitation ◽  
Hand Pollination ◽  
Natural Pollination ◽  
Ovule Penetration ◽  
Incompatibility Barrier

Breeding-system studies have been conducted with 38 of the approximately800 species of Bignoniaceae, and self-incompatibility was found in 31 of these. In species for which the site of self-incompatibility barrier was studied, self-pollinated flowers consistently failed to develop into fruits, even though pollen tubes grew down to the ovary and penetrated most of the ovules. In this study, we have investigated the floral biology and the breeding system in Jacaranda racemosa Chamisso, with hand-pollination experiments and the histology of post-pollination events. Flower anthesis lasted 1–3 days, and although the frequency of flower visitation was extremely low, natural pollination seemed to be effected mainly by medium-sized bees. Because the conspicuous staminodium favours eventual pollination by small bees, a possible role of the staminodium in the increase of potential pollinators is suggested. Hand-pollinations indicated that J. racemosa is a self-sterile species. Histological analysis of post-pollination events indicated the occurrence of a kind of late-acting self-incompatibility in which the processes of ovule penetration, fertilisation and endosperm initiation were slower in selfed than in crossed pistils. Until the time of self-pollinated pistil abscission, no signs of endosperm malfunction or proembryo development were observed in selfed pistils. Therefore, inbreeding depression is an unlikely explanation for self-sterility in J. racemosa.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document