scholarly journals Sponge community of the western Black Sea shallow water caves: diversity and spatial distribution

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Ereskovsky ◽  
Oleg A. Kovtun ◽  
Konstantin K. Pronin ◽  
Apostol Apostolov ◽  
Dirk Erpenbeck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
North East ◽  
Open Sea ◽  
Sponge Diversity ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
Species Composition And Distribution ◽  
First Time

Marine caves possess unique biocoenotic and ecological characteristics. Sessile benthic species such as sponges associated with cave habitats typically show a marked zonation from the cave entrance towards the end of the cave. We describe three semi-submerged karstic caves of 50 to 83 m length and 936 to 2,291 m3volume from the poorly explored cavernicolous fauna of North-East Bulgaria. We surveyed sponge diversity and spatial variability. Eight demosponge species were identified based on morphological and molecular data, of which six are known from the adjacent open sea waters of the Black Sea. Two species,Protosuberites denhartogivan Soest & de Kluijver, 2003 andHalichondria bowerbankiBurton, 1930, are reported from the Black Sea for the first time. The spatial sponge distribution inside the caves is in general similar, but shows some differences in species composition and distribution depending on cave relief and hydrodynamics. The species composition of sponges of Bulgarian caves is found to be different from Crimean caves. An updated checklist of the Black Sea sponges is provided.

scholarly journals The configuration of the Pontus Euxinus in Ptolemy's Geography

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-51
Author(s):  
Dmitry A. Shcheglov
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
North East ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Open Sea ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Constituent Elements

Abstract. This article aims to explain how Ptolemy could have constructed a map of the Pontus Euxinus (Black Sea), as described in his Geography, under the assumption that his sources were similar to those that have come down to us. The method employed is based on the comparison of Ptolemy's data with corresponding information from other ancient sources, revealing the most conspicuous similarities and differences between them. Three types of information are considered as possible “constituent elements” of Ptolemy's map: latitudes, coastline lengths, and straight-line distances. It is argued that the latitudes Ptolemy used for the key points determining the overall shape of the Pontus (Byzantium, Trapezus, the mouth of the Borysthenes and the Cimmerian Bosporus, the mouth of the Tanais, etc.) were most likely inherited from earlier geographers (Eratosthenes, Hipparchus, and Marinus). In exactly the same way, Ptolemy's data on the circumference of the Pontus and the length of the coastal stretches between the key points (from the Thracian Bosporus to Cape Karambis, Sinope, Trapezus, and the mouth of the Phasis, etc.) closely correlate with the corresponding estimates reported by other geographers (Eratosthenes, Artemidorus, Strabo, Pliny, Arrian, and Pseudo-Arrian), which implies that Ptolemy drew on similar coastline length information. The shortening of Ptolemy's west coast of the Pontus (from the Thracian Bosporus to the mouth of the Borysthenes) relative to the corresponding distances reported by other sources is explained by his underestimation of the circumference of the Earth. The lengthening of Ptolemy's north-east Pontus coast (from the Cimmerian Bosporus to the mouth of the Phasis) can, in part, be accounted for by his attempt to incorporate the straight-line distances across the open sea reported by Pliny. Overall, Ptolemy's configuration of the Black Sea can be satisfactorily explained as a result of fitting contradictory pieces of information together that were inherited from earlier geographical traditions.

scholarly journals A new Diplura species from Georgia caves, Plusiocampa (Plusiocampa) imereti (Diplura, Campodeidae), with morphological and molecular data

2021 ◽  
Vol 778 ◽  
pp. 71-85
Author(s):  
Alberto Sendra ◽  
Ferran Palero ◽  
Alba Sánchez-García ◽  
Alberto Jiménez-Valverde ◽  
Jesús Selfa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Deep Zone ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Low Altitude ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data

A new dipluran species, Plusiocampa (Plusiocampa) imereti Sendra & Barjadze sp. nov., from the deep zone in three caves in the Imereti region, Georgia, is described. This new troglobitic Plusiocampa is an addition to four others known Diplura from around the Black Sea region, two Dydimocampa and two Plusiocampa s. str. The present study also provides the first CO1 sequences for the Plusiocampinae taxa and the first molecular data for cave-dwelling Plusiocampa species. Although bootstrap values were low, the maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree grouped Plusiocampa (P.) imereti Sendra & Barjadze sp. nov. with two Plusiocampa s. str. species from Eastern Europe. Morphologically, P. (P.) imereti Sendra & Barjadze sp. nov. is closely related to two cave-dwelling species: Plusiocampa (Plusiocampa) glabra Condé, 1984 and Plusiocampa (P.) chiosensis Sendra & Gasparo, 2020. The new species can be distinguished by the presence of lateral anterior macrosetae on metanotum, more uneven claws, and the presence of 2+2 lateral anterior macrosetae on middle urotergites. The five species currently known for the Black Sea region inhabit caves located at low altitude but with no influence from former glacial or permafrost processes.

scholarly journals Species composition and abundance of metazoan microzooplankton in the north-eastern waters of the Black Sea in summer 2013

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
S. A. Seregin ◽  
E. V. Popova
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Continental Slope ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Published Data ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Oithona Similis ◽  
Oithona Davisae ◽  
General Decline

Metazoan microzooplankton plays a crucial role in the feeding of larvae and juveniles of many fish species, including commercial. The aim of the work was to study the metazoan microzooplankton abundance and species composition in the waters of North-East of the Black Sea, for which such information is rare. Bathometric water samples for the research were taken in 2 water areas in the Kerch sea area: on the shelf (I) and in continental slope waters (II). The concentration of plankton in the surface layer above large depths was almost 2 times higher and the proportion of neritic species was much lower compared to the waters over the shelf. The character of the microzooplankton abundance vertical distribution depended on the temperature and salinity gradients expression. Compared with the coastal waters of the southern coast of Crimea general decline of the abundance with depth is much more pronounced over the continental slope. Copepods of the genus Acartia and Centropages ponticus were dominating in the upper layers of the water; a recent invader in the Black Sea Oithona davisae played a significant role in the shelf waters, also. Abundant copepod species in the waters under thermocline were Oithona similis, Acartia clausi, Paracalanus parvus; Rotifera dominated in non-crustacean plankton. Newly obtained and previously published data indicate an increasing trend of total micrometazoans abundance in the Crimean Black Sea waters in recent years.

Marine cave biota of the Tarkhankut Peninsula (Black Sea, Crimea), with emphasis on sponge taxonomic composition, spatial distribution and ecological particularities

2015 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander V. Ereskovsky ◽  
Oleg A. Kovtun ◽  
Konstantin K. Pronin
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Shallow Water ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Geographic Isolation ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Marine Caves ◽  
Open Sea ◽  
Wide Geographic Distribution

The main objectives of this study are the establishment of a detailed description of five semi-submerged and shallow-water marine caves from the Tarkhankut Peninsula (Crimea), their biological characteristics with particular attention to species composition, and the distribution of sponge assemblages in these caves. Three semi-submerged and two submerged caves with lengths of 9–131 m and volumes of 61–3060 m3 have been investigated. All of them are karst-abrasive or karst in origin. In the investigated caves, we inventoried seven sponge species. All were recorded species of Porifera belong to the class Demospongiae and have previously been recorded also in adjacent open sea waters. These species are tolerant to different hydrological conditions, mostly temperature and salinity. Some of them have wide geographic distribution. The species composition of sponges from the shallow water caves of Crimea is quite different from the sponge composition in Mediterranean caves. This could be due to the geographic isolation of the Black Sea and the differences in the hydro-chemical parameters of the milieu (water salinity in Tarkhankut is 18–21‰).

scholarly journals Biodiversity and Ecological Distribution of Beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) in Park National Of Babors (North-East Of Algeria)

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustapha BOUNECHADA ◽  
Nacer DJIRAR ◽  
Mohamed Lamine BENKHELIL ◽  
Lamri TEDJAR ◽  
Mohamed FENNI
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
National Park ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Ecological Distribution ◽  
North East ◽  
Species Composition And Distribution ◽  
First Time

The species composition and distribution of insects in Babors national park (North-east of Algeria) were studied for the first time based on original investigations and available literature. The list includes 32 species bellowing to 14 genera. Eight ecological groups of Chrysomelidae were distinguished based on studies of the data on the territory of Babors national park.

LUMINESCENCE OF THE BLACK SEA MICROSCOPIC FUNGI CULTURES

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Mashukova ◽  
Olga Mashukova ◽  
Yuriy Tokarev ◽  
Yuriy Tokarev ◽  
Nadejda Kopytina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Ethyl Alcohol ◽  
Light Emission ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Control Culture ◽  
Chemical Stimulation ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The Given ◽  
First Time

We studied for the first time luminescence characteristics of the some micromycetes, isolated from the bottom sediments of the Black sea from the 27 m depth. Luminescence parameters were registered at laboratory complex “Svet” using mechanical and chemical stimulations. Fungi cultures of genera Acremonium, Aspergillus, Penicillium were isolated on ChDA medium which served as control. Culture of Penicillium commune gave no light emission with any kind of stimulation. Culture of Acremonium sp. has shown luminescence in the blue – green field of spectrum. Using chemical stimulation by fresh water we registered signals with luminescence energy (to 3.24 ± 0.11)•108 quantum•cm2 and duration up to 4.42 s, which 3 times exceeded analogous magnitudes in a group, stimulated by sea water (p < 0.05). Under chemical stimulation by ethyl alcohol fungi culture luminescence was not observed. Culture of Aspergillus fumigatus possessed the most expressed properties of luminescence. Stimulation by fresh water culture emission with energy of (3.35 ± 0.11)•108 quantum•cm2 and duration up to 4.96 s. Action of ethyl alcohol to culture also stimulated signals, but intensity of light emission was 3–4 times lower than under mechanical stimulation. For sure the given studies will permit not only to evaluate contribution of marine fungi into general bioluminescence of the sea, but as well to determine places of accumulation of opportunistic species in the sea.

ANALYSIS OF THE FUNCTIONING OF MARINE ECOSYSTEMS ON CHANGING THE PARAMETERS OF THE BIOLUMINESCENCE FIELD ON THE CRIMEAN BLACK SEA SHELF

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Rubtsova ◽  
Svetlana Rubtsova ◽  
Natalya Lyamina ◽  
Natalya Lyamina ◽  
Aleksey Lyamin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Field Intensity ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Intensity Increase ◽  
First Time

The concept of a new approach to environmental assessment is offered in the system of integrated management of the resource and environmental safety of the coastal area of the Black Sea. The studies of the season and daily changeability in the bioluminescence field in the Sevastopol coastal waters has been conducted. For the first time considerable differences in the bioluminescence field seasonal changes in the surface and deep water layers and the reasons conditioning this phenomenon have been shown, using a method of multidimensional statistical analysis. The bioluminescence field vertical profile change in the Black sea coastal waters in the autumn period at night has been studied. It has been shown that according to the character of bioluminescence parameters dynamics a water column can be divided into layers: upper (0 – 35 m) and deep water (36 – 60 m). It has been revealed that life rhythms of the plankton community are the main reason for the bioluminescence field intensity variability. It has been revealed that 14-hour periodicity of the bioluminescence field is related to the changes in light and its variations with 2,5…4,5 hours are conditioned by planktonts endogenous daily rhythms. And here biotic factors effect mostly periodicity of the bioluminescence field intensity increase and fall down at the dark time of the day. Abiotic factors are of less importance in circadian rhythmic of the bioluminescence field in the neritic zone.

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