scholarly journals Effect of Reactive Black 5 azo dye on soil processes related to C and N cycling

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khadeeja Rehman ◽  
Tanvir Shahzad ◽  
Amna Sahar ◽  
Sabir Hussain ◽  
Faisal Mahmood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Azo Dyes ◽  
Azo Dye ◽  
Reactive Black 5 ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Soil Inorganic N ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
Soil Inorganic

Azo dyes are one of the largest classes of synthetic dyes being used in textile industries. It has been reported that 15–50% of these dyes find their way into wastewater that is often used for irrigation purpose in developing countries. The effect of azo dyes contamination on soil nitrogen (N) has been studied previously. However, how does the azo dye contamination affect soil carbon (C) cycling is unknown. Therefore, we assessed the effect of azo dye contamination (Reactive Black 5, 30 mg kg−1 dry soil), bacteria that decolorize this dye and dye + bacteria in the presence or absence of maize leaf litter on soil respiration, soil inorganic N and microbial biomass. We found that dye contamination did not induce any change in soil respiration, soil microbial biomass or soil inorganic N availability (P > 0.05). Litter evidently increased soil respiration. Our study concludes that the Reactive Black 5 azo dye (applied in low amount, i.e., 30 mg kg−1 dry soil) contamination did not modify organic matter decomposition, N mineralization and microbial biomass in a silty loam soil.

scholarly journals Effect of Reactive black 5 azo dye on soil processes related to C and N cycling

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khadeeja Rehman ◽  
Tanvir Shahzad ◽  
Amna Sahar ◽  
Sabir Hussain ◽  
Faisal Mahmood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Azo Dye ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
N Cycling ◽  
Reactive Black 5 ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Soil Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
Soil Inorganic

Azo dyes are one of the largest classes of synthetic dyes being used in textile industries. It has been reported that 15-50 % of these dyes find their way into wastewater that is often used for irrigation purpose in developing countries. Although the effect of azo dye contamination on soil nitrogen (N) cycling processes has been studied but there is no such study on soil carbon cycling. Therefore, we assessed the effect of azo dye contamination (Reactive Black 5, 30 mg kg-1 dry soil), bacteria that decolorize this dye and dye + bacteria in the presence or absence of maize leaf litter on soil respiration, soil inorganic nitrogen and microbial biomass. We found that dye contamination did not induce any change in soil respiration, soil microbial biomass or soil inorganic nitrogen availability (P> 0.05). Litter evidently increased soil respiration. Our study concludes that the Reactive Black 5 azo dye (applied at low level i.e. 30 mg kg-1 dry soil) contamination did not modify organic matter decomposition, N mineralization and microbial biomass in silty loam soil.

scholarly journals Effect of Reactive black 5 azo dye on soil processes related to C and N cycling

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khadeeja Rehman ◽  
Tanvir Shahzad ◽  
Amna Sahar ◽  
Sabir Hussain ◽  
Faisal Mahmood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Azo Dye ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
N Cycling ◽  
Reactive Black 5 ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Soil Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
Soil Inorganic

Azo dyes are one of the largest classes of synthetic dyes being used in textile industries. It has been reported that 15-50 % of these dyes find their way into wastewater that is often used for irrigation purpose in developing countries. Although the effect of azo dye contamination on soil nitrogen (N) cycling processes has been studied but there is no such study on soil carbon cycling. Therefore, we assessed the effect of azo dye contamination (Reactive Black 5, 30 mg kg-1 dry soil), bacteria that decolorize this dye and dye + bacteria in the presence or absence of maize leaf litter on soil respiration, soil inorganic nitrogen and microbial biomass. We found that dye contamination did not induce any change in soil respiration, soil microbial biomass or soil inorganic nitrogen availability (P> 0.05). Litter evidently increased soil respiration. Our study concludes that the Reactive Black 5 azo dye (applied at low level i.e. 30 mg kg-1 dry soil) contamination did not modify organic matter decomposition, N mineralization and microbial biomass in silty loam soil.

Tillage, crop residue and crop sequence effects on nitrogen availability in a legume-based cropping system

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. K. Soon ◽  
M. A. Arshad
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Microbial Biomass N ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Soil Inorganic N ◽  
Crop Sequence ◽  
Extractable Soil ◽  
Soil Inorganic

A field study was conducted to determine the effects and interactions of crop sequence, tillage and residue management on labile N pools and their availability because such information is sparse. Experimental treatments were no-till (NT) vs. conventional tillage (CT), and removal vs. retention of straw, imposed on a barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)-canola (Brassica rapa L.)-field pea (Pisum sativum L.) rotation. 15N-labelling was used to quantify N uptake from straw, below-ground N (BGN), and fertilizer N. Straw retention increased soil microbial biomass N (MBN) in 2 of 3 yr at the four-leaf growth stage of barley, consistent with observed decreases in extractable soil inorganic N at seeding. However, crop yield and N uptake at maturity were not different between straw treatments. No tillage increased soil MBN, crop yield and N uptake compared to CT, but had no effect on extractable soil inorganic N. The greater availability of N under NT was probably related to soil moisture conservation. Tillage effects on soil and plant N were mostly independent of straw treatment. Straw and tillage treatments did not influence the uptake of N from its various sources. However, barley following pea (legume/non-legume sequence) derived a greater proportion of its N from BGN (13 to 23% or 9 to 23 kg N ha-1) than canola following barley (nonlegumes) (6 to 16% or 3 to 9 kg N ha-1). Fertilizer N constituted 8 to 11% of barley N uptake and 23 to 32% of canola N uptake. Straw N contributed only 1 to 3% of plant N uptake. This study showed the dominant influence of tillage on N availability, and of the preceding crop or cropping sequence on N uptake partitioning among available N sources. Key words: Crop residue, crop sequence, labile nitrogen, nitrogen uptake, pea, tillage

Effects of spent mushroom substrate on soil chemical conditions and plant growth in an intensive horticultural system: a comparison with inorganic fertiliser

Soil Research ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 185 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. C. Stewart ◽  
K. C. Cameron ◽  
I. S. Cornforth
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Spent Mushroom Substrate ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Variable Effect ◽  
Soil Inorganic N ◽  
Inorganic Fertiliser ◽  
Industry Applications ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
Soil Inorganic

Between November 1991 and 1993, 4 consecutive vegetable crops (sweetcorn, cabbage, potato, and cabbage) were grown in Lincoln, New Zealand. The treatments included spent mushroom substrate (SMS, a by-product of the mushroom industry) applications before each crop at rates of 0, 20, 40, or 80 t/ha (moist), both with and without 1 rate of inorganic fertiliser for each crop (120-338, 40-100, 53-100, and 60-114 kg/ha, respectively, of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur). SMS applications caused a rapid increase in soil inorganic N concentration, but after this it had a variable effect. There was some evidence of N immobilisation following initial SMS applications of 20 t/ha. SMS applications increased both soil pH and CEC, whereas inorganic fertiliser decreased both. Sweetcorn and cabbage yields were increased by SMS when inorganic fertiliser was not used, and potato yield was increased irrespective of fertiliser use (i.e. yield increases of 38%, 82-96%, and 26-46%, respectively, for sweetcorn cob, cabbage head, and potato tuber fresh yields). Inorganic fertiliser increased crop yields by a greater amount than SMS. A lack of soil inorganic N was the major limitation to crop growth following SMS applications, so crops may require additional N with SMS.

scholarly journals Magnetically retrievable Ce-doped Fe3O4 nanoparticles as scaffolds for the removal of azo dyes

RSC Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (40) ◽  
pp. 23129-23141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aashima Aashima ◽  
Shivani Uppal ◽  
Arushi Arora ◽  
Sanjeev Gautam ◽  
Suman Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Azo Dyes ◽  
Fe3o4 Nanoparticles ◽  
Azo Dye ◽  
Reactive Black 5

Considering the significant impact of magnetically retrievable nanostructures, herein, Ce-doped Fe3O4 nanoparticles were employed as scaffolds for the removal of the Reactive Black 5 (RB5), an azo dye.

PROPAGATION AND MANAGEMENT OF GLIRICIDIA SEPIUM PLANTED FALLOWS IN SUB-HUMID EASTERN ZAMBIA

2004 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. CHINTU ◽  
P. L. MAFONGOYA ◽  
T. S. CHIRWA ◽  
E. KUNTASHULA ◽  
D. PHIRI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Soil Inorganic N ◽  
Tree Survival ◽  
Maize Yields ◽  
Bare Root ◽  
Soil Inorganic

Gliricidia sepium features prominently as a soil replenishment tree in planted coppicing fallows in eastern Zambia. Its usual method of propagation, through nurseryseedlings, is costly and may possibly hinder wider on-farm adoption. We compared fallows propagated by potted and bare root seedlings, direct seeding and stem cuttings, in terms of tree coppice biomass production, soil inorganic N availability and post-fallow maize yields under semi-arid conditions. We hypothesized that cutting fallows initially in May (off-season) would increase subsequent seasonal coppice biomass production as opposed to cutting them in November (at cropping). The tree survival and biomass order after two years was: potted = bare root > direct > cuttings. The post-fallow maize productivity sequence was: fertilized maize = potted = bare root > direct > cuttings = no-tree unfertilized controls, across seasons. However, farmers may prefer directly seeded fallows owing to their cost effectiveness. Soil inorganic N and maize yield were significantly higher in May-cut than in November-cut fallows. Preseason topsoil inorganic N and biomass N input correlated highly with maize yields. This implies that bothparameters may be used to predict post-fallow crop yields.

Effects of Untreated Pig Manure and Slurry on the Accumulation of Soil NH4+-N and NO3--N in Large-Scale Pig Farm

2011 ◽  
Vol 183-185 ◽  
pp. 1061-1065
Author(s):  
Cai Yan Lu ◽  
Yi Shi ◽  
Shao Jun Wang ◽  
Ming Fen Niu ◽  
Di Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Nitrate Pollution ◽  
Sampling Time ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Sampling Depth ◽  
Soil Inorganic N ◽  
Pig Farm ◽  
Soil Inorganic

The amount of soil inorganic N declined significantly with increasing of sampling depth and sampling time (P < 0.001). Compared with CK, application of untreated pig manure and slurry increased significantly the amount of soil inorganic N by 76.0% and 156.1%, respectively (P < 0.001). Compared with CK, application of untreated pig manure increased significantly the amount of soil NH4+-N by 33.7%, however, application of untreated pig slurry decreased remarkably that of soil NH4+-N by 7.4% (P < 0.001). Application of untreated pig manure and pig slurry increased significantly the amount of soil NO3--N by 86.9% and 198.0%, respectively compared with CK, (P < 0.001). Soil NO3--N accounted for the majority of soil inorganic N irrespective of fertilization treatment or sampling time, its percent were 80.13%, 84.27% and 92.63% in the CK, pig manure and pig slurry treatments, respectively. This result indicated that application of untreated pig manure and slurry increased significantly the amount of soil inorganic N, especially soil NO3--N, which occurred the potential risk of nitrate pollution.

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