scholarly journals Mitochondrial diversity of Bulgarian native dogs suggests dual phylogenetic origin

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Marinov ◽  
Denitsa Teofanova ◽  
Dimitar Gadjev ◽  
Georgi Radoslavov ◽  
Peter Hristov
Keyword(s):  
Hypervariable Region ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Loop Region ◽  
Hunting Dog ◽  
Clade C ◽  
D Loop ◽  
South Eastern Europe ◽  
Phylogenetic Origin ◽  
Almost All

The dog has been the first domesticated animal to have a central role in human society from ancient times to present day. Although there have been numerous investigations of dog phylogeny and origin, genetic data of dogs in the region of the Balkan Peninsula (South-Eastern Europe) are still scarce. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to perform phylogenetic analysis of three native Bulgarian dog breeds. A total of 130 samples were analyzed at HVR1 (hypervariable region, D-loop region). The samples were taken from two hunting dog breeds (Bulgarian Hound Dog: Barak,n = 34; Bulgarian Scenthound Dog: Gonche,n = 45) as well as from a Bulgarian Shepherd Dog (n = 51). The first two breeds are reared in a flat region of the country (the Northern part of Bulgaria, the Danubian Plain), while the last breed is a typical representative of the mountainous part of the country. The results have shown the presence of almost all main clades—A, B, C and D—in the three dog breeds taken together, except clades E and F, as expected. With regard to haplogroups distribution, there are clear differences among investigated breeds. While hunting breeds exhibit a prevalence of clade C, the mountainous Shepherd dog shows presence of the D2 haplogroup but absence of the C clade. In conclusion, the present study has been the first to investigate the mitochondrial DNA diversity of native dog breeds in Bulgaria. The results have revealed a clear difference of haplogroups dissemination in native hunting and shepherd dogs, which suggests a dual independent phylogenetic origin, without hybridization events between these dogs.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial diversity of Bulgarian native dogs suggests dual phylogenetic origin

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Marinov ◽  
Denitsa Teofanova ◽  
Georgi Radoslavov ◽  
Peter I Hristov
Keyword(s):  
Hypervariable Region ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Loop Region ◽  
Hunting Dog ◽  
D Loop ◽  
South Eastern Europe ◽  
Phylogenetic Origin ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Almost All

The dog has been the first domesticated animal to have a central role in human society from ancient times to present day. Although there have been numerous investigations of dog phylogeny and origin, genetic data of dogs in the region of the Balkan Peninsula (South-Eastern Europe) are still scarce. Therefore, the aim of the present study has been to perform phylogenetic analysis of three native Bulgarian dog breeds. A total of 130 samples were analyzed according to HVR1 (hypervariable region, D-loop region). The samples were taken from two hunting dog breeds (Bulgarian Hound dog: Barak, n=34; Bulgarian Scenthound dog: Gonche, n=45) as well as from a Bulgarian Shepherd dog (n=51). The first two breeds are reared in a flat region of the country (the Northern part of Bulgaria, the Danubian Plain), while the last breed is a typical representative of the mountainous part of the country. The results have shown the presence of almost all main clades – A, B, C and D – in the three dog breeds taken together, except clades E and F, as expected. With regard to haplogroups distribution, there are clear differences among investigated breeds. While hunting breeds exhibit a prevalence of the C clade, the mountainous Shepherd dog shows presence of the D2 haplogroup but absence of the C clade. In conclusion, the present study has been the first to investigate the mitochondrial diversity of native dog breeds in Bulgaria. The results show a clear difference of haplogroups dissemination in native hunting and shepherd dogs that suggests a dual independent phylogenetic origin without hybridization events between them.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial diversity of Bulgarian native dogs suggests dual phylogenetic origin

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Marinov ◽  
Denitsa Teofanova ◽  
Georgi Radoslavov ◽  
Peter I Hristov
Keyword(s):  
Hypervariable Region ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Loop Region ◽  
Hunting Dog ◽  
D Loop ◽  
South Eastern Europe ◽  
Phylogenetic Origin ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Almost All

The dog has been the first domesticated animal to have a central role in human society from ancient times to present day. Although there have been numerous investigations of dog phylogeny and origin, genetic data of dogs in the region of the Balkan Peninsula (South-Eastern Europe) are still scarce. Therefore, the aim of the present study has been to perform phylogenetic analysis of three native Bulgarian dog breeds. A total of 130 samples were analyzed according to HVR1 (hypervariable region, D-loop region). The samples were taken from two hunting dog breeds (Bulgarian Hound dog: Barak, n=34; Bulgarian Scenthound dog: Gonche, n=45) as well as from a Bulgarian Shepherd dog (n=51). The first two breeds are reared in a flat region of the country (the Northern part of Bulgaria, the Danubian Plain), while the last breed is a typical representative of the mountainous part of the country. The results have shown the presence of almost all main clades – A, B, C and D – in the three dog breeds taken together, except clades E and F, as expected. With regard to haplogroups distribution, there are clear differences among investigated breeds. While hunting breeds exhibit a prevalence of the C clade, the mountainous Shepherd dog shows presence of the D2 haplogroup but absence of the C clade. In conclusion, the present study has been the first to investigate the mitochondrial diversity of native dog breeds in Bulgaria. The results show a clear difference of haplogroups dissemination in native hunting and shepherd dogs that suggests a dual independent phylogenetic origin without hybridization events between them.

scholarly journals Evidence for Early European Neolithic Dog Dispersal: New Data on Southeastern European Subfossil Dogs from the Prehistoric and Antiquity Ages

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iskra Yankova ◽  
Miroslav Marinov ◽  
Boyko Neov ◽  
Maria Petrova ◽  
Nikolai Spassov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Neolithic Period ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Loop Region ◽  
Clade C ◽  
D Loop

The history of dog domestication is still under debate, but it is doubtless the process of an ancient partnership between dogs (Canis familiaris) and humans. Although data on ancient DNA for dog diversity are still incomplete, it is clear that several regional dog populations had formed in Eurasia up to the Holocene. During the Neolithic Revolution and the transition from hunter-gatherer to farmer societies, followed by civilization changes in the Antiquity period, the dog population structure also changed. This process was due to replacement with newly formed dog populations. In this study, we present for the first time mitochondrial data of ancient dog remains from the Early Neolithic (8000 years before present (BP)) to Late Antiquity (up to 3th century AD) from southeastern Europe (the Balkans). A total of 16 samples were analyzed, using the mitochondrial D-loop region (HVR1). The results show the presence of A (70%) and B (25%) clades throughout the Early and Late Neolithic Period. In order to clarify the position of our results within the ancient dog population in Eneolithic Eurasia, we performed phylogenetic analysis with the available genetic data sets. This data showed a similarity of the ancient Bulgarian dogs to Italian (A, B, and C clades) and Iberian (clades A and C) dogs’ populations. A clear border can be seen between southern European genetic dog structure, on the one hand, and on the other hand, central-western (clade C), eastern (clade D) and northern Europe (clades A and C). This corresponds to genetic data for European humans during the same period, without admixture between dog populations. Also, our data have shown the presence of clade B in ancient Eurasia. This is not unexpected, as the B haplogroup is widely distributed in extant Balkan dogs and wolves. The presence of this clade both in dogs and in wolves on the Balkans may be explained with hybridization events before the Neolithic period. The spreading of this clade across Europe, together with the A clade, is related to the possible dissemination of newly formed dog breeds from Ancient Greece, Thrace, and the Roman Empire.

scholarly journals Genetic variability of Akhal-Teke horses bred in Italy

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4889
Author(s):  
Maria C. Cozzi ◽  
Maria G. Strillacci ◽  
Paolo Valiati ◽  
Elisa Rogliano ◽  
Alessandro Bagnato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Italian Population ◽  
Horse Population ◽  
Loop Region ◽  
Marker Loci ◽  
D Loop ◽  
Inbreeding Level ◽  
Almost All

Background The Akhal-Teke horse (AKH) is native of the modern Turkmenistan area. It was introduced in Italy from 1991 to 2000 mainly as an endurance horse. This paper characterizes the genetic variability of the whole Italian AKH horse population and evaluates their inbreeding level by analyzing microsatellite markers and mitochondrial D-Loop sequences. Methods Seventeen microsatellite marker loci were genotyped on 95 DNA samples from almost all the AKH horses bred in Italy in the last 20 years. Standard genetic variability measures (Ho, He, FIS) were compared against the same variables published on other eight AKH populations. In addition, 397 bp of mtDNA D-loop region were sequenced on a sub-group of 22 unrelated AKH out of the 95 sampled ones, and on 11 unrelated Arab horses. The haplotypes identified in the Italian population were aligned to sequences of AKH (56), Arab (five), Caspian Pony (13), Przewalskii (two) and Barb (15) horses available in GenBank. The Median Joining Network (MJN), Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Neighbor-joining (NJ) tree were calculated on the total 126 sequences. Results Nucleic markers showed a high degree of polymorphism (Ho = 0.642; He = 0.649) and a low inbreeding level (FIS = 0.016) in Italian horses, compared to other AKH populations (ranged from −0.103 AKH from Estonia to 0.114 AKH from Czech Republic). High variability was also recorded in the D-Loop region. 11 haplotypes were identified with haplotype diversity (hd), nucleotide diversity (π) and average number of nucleotide differences (k) of 0.938, 0.021 and 6.448, respectively. When all the 126 D-Loop sequences were compared, 51 haplotypes were found, and four were here found only in the Italian AKH horses. The 51 haplotypes were conformed to eight recognized mtDNA haplogroups (A, C, F, G, L, M, P and Q) and confirmed by MJN analysis, Italian horses being assigned to five haplogroups (A, C, G, L and M). Using a PCA approach to the same data, the total haplotypes were grouped into two clusters including A+C+M+P and G+F haplogroups, while L and Q haplogroups remained ungrouped. Finally, the NJ algorithm effectively discretizes only the L haplogroup. All the above data univocally indicate good genetic variability and accurate management of the Akhal-Teke population in Italy.

scholarly journals Evidence for Early European Neolithic Dog Dispersal: New Data on South-Eastern European subfossil dogs from Prehistory and Antiquity Ages

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Marinov ◽  
Iskra Yankova ◽  
Boyko Neov ◽  
Maria Petrova ◽  
Nikolai Spassov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Neolithic Period ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Loop Region ◽  
Clade C ◽  
D Loop ◽  
First Time

AbstractObjectivesThe history of dog domestication is still under debate, but doubtlessly, it is a process of an ancient partnership between dogs (Canis familiaris) and humans. Although data on ancient DNA dog diversity are scarce, it is clear that several regional dog populations had been formed in Eurasia up to the Holocene. During the Neolithic Revolution and the transition from hunter-gatherer to farmer societies, followed by civilization changes in the Antiquity period, the dog population structure also changed. This process was due to replacement with newly formed dog breeds.MethodsIn this study we have presented for the first time mitochondrial data about South-Eastern Europe (the Balkans) ancient dog remains from the Early Neolithic (8 000 years BP) to the Late Antiquity ages (up to 3th century AD). A total of 25 samples were analyzed using the mitochondrial D-loop region (HVR1).ResultsThe results have shown the presence of A (70%) and B (25%) clades throughout the whole investigated period. In order to clarify the position of our results within the ancient dog population in Eneolithic Eurasia, we performed phylogenetic analysis with the available genetic data sets. This data revealed a similarity of the Bulgarian dogs’ structure to that of ancient Italian dogs (A, B, and C clades), which suggests a new prehistoric and historic Mediterranean dog population. A clear border can be seen between South-European genetic dog structure, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, Central-West (clade C), East (clade D) and North Europe (clades A and C). This corresponds to genetic data for European humans during the same period without admixture between dog populations.ConclusionsOur data have shown for the first time the presence of clade B in ancient Eurasia. This is not unexpected as the B haplogroup is widely distributed in extant Balkan dogs and wolves. The presence of this clade both in dogs and in wolves on the Balkans may be explained with hybridization events before the Neolithic period. The spreading of this clade across Europe together with the A clade is related to the possible dissemination of newly formed dog breeds from Ancient Greece, Thrace and the Roman Empire.

scholarly journals PSVII-23 Phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA D-loop region for excavated horse bones at the Asian archaeological sites

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 311-312
Author(s):  
Jihye Cha ◽  
Haesu Ko ◽  
Bong-Hwan Choi ◽  
Gulwon Jang ◽  
Dajeong Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Reference Sequence ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Migration Route ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Loop Region ◽  
Domestic Horses ◽  
D Loop

Abstract Horses have played a significant role in the development of human society. As an important domestic animal, horses have been used for transport, labor, food and recreation. It is widely accepted that the horse was probably first domesticated on the Eurasian steppes from Ukraine to Turkestan between the fifth and fourth millennium BC, and the earliest domesticated horses subsequently spread out from their original range. However, we currently have little genetic evidence to demonstrate whether Korean domestic horse breeds originated in Korea or if it came into the area via an ancient migration route. In the present study, to obtain more knowledge of the origin and genetic diversity of Korean domestic horses, we analyzed seventeen 247-bp mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop sequences of ancient horse bones excavated from seven archaeological sites located in the southern Korean Peninsula and Mongolia, aged between the fifth century B.C and nineteenth century A.D. The seventeen ancient horses revealed 9 variable positions when compared with the reference sequence (GenBank X79547). All the substitutions were transitions, and defined a total of 11 unique haplotypes with the haplotype diversity value of 0.9118±0.056. Among the 11 haplotypes, 3 haplotypes were detected more than once and were thus shared by individuals from the same or close archaeological sites. The largest haplotype consisted of 5 individuals, with another two haplotypes containing 2 individuals respectively, and eight haplotypes were singletons. The data indicate an abundant genetic diversity of the Korean ancient horses, and also suggest that the origin of Korean domestic horses is complex, and several maternal lines were introduced into the gene pool of Korean horses after their initial domestication.

scholarly journals Genetic relationships between local Brazilian goat breeds based on mtDNA D-loop region similarity

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. e0407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Núbia M. V. Silva ◽  
Edgard C. Pimenta-Filho ◽  
Janaina K. G. Arandas ◽  
Rosália B. N. Medeiros ◽  
Aderbal Cavalcante-Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Hypervariable Region ◽  
Genetic Composition ◽  
Mitochondrial Lineage ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Loop Region ◽  
Population Structure Analysis ◽  
D Loop

Aim of study: Our objective was to investigate the mitochondrial DNA of local Brazilian goats to gain insights into the genetic composition of this precious genetic resource.Area of study: The study was developed in BrazilMaterial and methods: We analyzed a hypervariable region of the mitochondrial DNA of 83 goats belonging to four local Brazilian breeds, including Canindé (CAN-RN), Moxotó (MOX-CE), Marota (MAR-PI) and Azul (AZU-PE) as well as of exotic breeds raised in different states of the Federation. Sequences related to local Brazilian goats showed a dispersed distribution throughout the median-joining network, and clustering with sequences of exotic breeds occurred in some haplotypes. The obtained sequences were analyzed and compared with different haplogroups (A, B1, B2, C, D, F, and G) available on GenBank.Main results: The local Brazilian goat breeds showed significant diversity, with 16 (0.8240) haplotypes. Population structure analysis revealed substantial differences among breeds (p < 0.05). Mitochondrial lineage A was observed in Brazilian goats. Phylogeny showed European goats as the dominant stock for Brazilian goats, but there weare some haplotypes within haplogroup A, clustering with African and Asian haplotypes.Research highlights: These results could be suitable for creating a strategic conservation program, potentially benefitting future breeding programs.

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