scholarly journals Demographics, perceptions, and socioeconomic factors affecting influenza vaccination among adults in the United States

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaja M. Abbas ◽  
Gloria J. Kang ◽  
Daniel Chen ◽  
Stephen R. Werre ◽  
Achla Marathe
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Vaccine Efficacy ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vaccine Cost ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Healthy People 2020

Objective The study objective is to analyze influenza vaccination status by demographic factors, perceived vaccine efficacy, social influence, herd immunity, vaccine cost, health insurance status, and barriers to influenza vaccination among adults 18 years and older in the United States. Background Influenza vaccination coverage among adults 18 years and older was 41% during 2010–2011 and has increased and plateaued at 43% during 2016–2017. This is below the target of 70% influenza vaccination coverage among adults, which is an objective of the Healthy People 2020 initiative. Methods We conducted a survey of a nationally representative sample of adults 18 years and older in the United States on factors affecting influenza vaccination. We conducted bivariate analysis using Rao-Scott chi-square test and multivariate analysis using weighted multinomial logistic regression of this survey data to determine the effect of demographics, perceived vaccine efficacy, social influence, herd immunity, vaccine cost, health insurance, and barriers associated with influenza vaccination uptake among adults in the United States. Results Influenza vaccination rates are relatively high among adults in older age groups (73.3% among 75 + year old), adults with education levels of bachelor’s degree or higher (45.1%), non-Hispanic Whites (41.8%), adults with higher incomes (52.8% among adults with income of over $150,000), partnered adults (43.2%), non-working adults (46.2%), and adults with internet access (39.9%). Influenza vaccine is taken every year by 76% of adults who perceive that the vaccine is very effective, 64.2% of adults who are socially influenced by others, and 41.8% of adults with health insurance, while 72.3% of adults without health insurance never get vaccinated. Facilitators for adults getting vaccinated every year in comparison to only some years include older age, perception of high vaccine effectiveness, higher income and no out-of-pocket payments. Barriers for adults never getting vaccinated in comparison to only some years include lack of health insurance, disliking of shots, perception of low vaccine effectiveness, low perception of risk for influenza infection, and perception of risky side effects. Conclusion Influenza vaccination rates among adults in the United States can be improved towards the Healthy People 2020 target of 70% by increasing awareness of the safety, efficacy and need for influenza vaccination, leveraging the practices and principles of commercial and social marketing to improve vaccine trust, confidence and acceptance, and lowering out-of-pocket expenses and covering influenza vaccination costs through health insurance.

scholarly journals PIN41 INFLUENZA VACCINATION RATES AMONG HIGH RISK GROUPS IN THE UNITED STATES

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. A121
Author(s):  
M. DiBonaventura ◽  
J.S. Wagner ◽  
A. Goren
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vaccination Rates

scholarly journals 1650. Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Influenza Vaccination Among Hispanics: A Survey Conducted in Latin American Consulates in South Florida

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S603-S603
Author(s):  
Maria L Soler Hidalgo ◽  
John M Abbamonte ◽  
Laura Regalini ◽  
Mariana Schlesinger ◽  
Maria L Alcaide ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
The United States ◽  
South Florida ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Hispanic Community

Abstract Background Each year Influenza causes between 12,000 and 56,000 deaths, and over half a million of hospitalizations in the United States. Despite the widespread availability of vaccination, immunization coverage is low. Less than half of American adults receive the influenza vaccine, and there is a disparity between Hispanic and non-Hispanics, with only 35.9% of Hispanic compared with 45.9% of white non-Hispanics receiving the vaccine. In Miami, South Florida, over two-thirds of the population is Hispanic, and rates of influenza vaccination are low. This study aims to identify the knowledge and attitudes toward influenza vaccination among members of the adult Hispanic community in Miami, and to identify barriers to vaccination in this population. Methods This is a cross-sectional study conducted during the influenza season in 2017 and 2019 (October to December). A survey was administered in the waiting rooms of participating Latin American Consulates (Argentina, Colombia, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Peru, and Uruguay) in Miami. Participants included were older than 18 years, Hispanic, and with residence in the United States for more than 6 months. The participants accepted the inform consent orally. The survey was voluntary and anonymous. Results We enrolled 970 adults. The median age was 43 years, 50% were male, 60% had health insurance, and 67% had completed education of high school or higher. Knowledge regarding influenza and vaccination was low (78% believed asymptomatic individuals could transmit influenza, 14% knew that vaccination is recommended during the winter months, 50% felt not everyone should be vaccinated, 25% believed the vaccine causes influenza, and 7% autism). About one quarter (27%) received the influenza vaccine annually, 35% sometimes, and 38% never. Using multinomial logistic regression, we identified age χ2(2) = 19.38, P < 0.001, consulate χ2(6) = 160.21, P < 0.001, and insurance status χ2(2) = 23.04, P < 0.001 as predictors of receiving vaccination. Neither gender, nor education level found to be associated with vaccination behavior. Conclusion Immunization rates in the adult Hispanic population are low. Interventions to improve vaccination among Hispanics who are older and lack of health insurance are urgently needed in the diverse Hispanic community. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Vaccination rates and COVID-19 cases: a commentary of “Increases in COVID-19 are unrelated to levels of vaccination across 68 countries and 2947 counties in the United States.”

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthieu Mulot ◽  
Corentin Segalas ◽  
Clémence Leyrat ◽  
Lonni Besançon
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Causal Inference ◽  
Vaccine Efficacy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Erroneous Interpretation

The manuscript from Subramanian and Kumar shows a lack of vaccine efficacy on Covid Incidence. However, this paper suffers major pitfalls : inadequate outcome, lack of confounding factors, inadequate time period (7 days), inclusion/exclusion criteria not respected, causal inference from inappropriate data, and erroneous interpretation of the data. We comment on these issues in detail and show that Subramanian and Kumar’s paper is flawed and misleading.

Is There a Moral Right to Nonmedical Vaccine Exemption?

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 598-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isha Ann Emhoff ◽  
Ellen Fugate ◽  
Nir Eyal
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Moral Claim ◽  
Single Source ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Measles Outbreak ◽  
Vaccine Exemption

A recent measles outbreak in the United States was linked to a single source, yet it spanned eighteen jurisdictions and infected 121 people. Forty-seven states currently allow legal exemption from vaccination on religious grounds, eighteen of which also allow it on philosophical grounds. Recent research usually accepts a fundamental right to vaccine exemption and primarily seeks ways to protect herd immunity while also respecting that right, for example, by keeping the exemption available yet harder to procure or by imposing torts for infection-related injury. We argue that when herd immunity is at risk, any moral claim to exemption from vaccination on conscientious, philosophical, or religious grounds is overridden.Our argument rests on an analogy to a series of situations in which a person puts others at risk through philosophically or religiously motivated choices. In these situations, intuitively, there is no claim-right to compromise the safety of others. Similarly, we propose, there is no claim-right to refuse vaccination, regardless of one's conscience, when refusal is sufficiently likely to seriously affect herd immunity and the safety of others. We also address several counterarguments. The lack of a claim-right to exemption when herd immunity is at risk does not mean, however, that it is always prudent for the state to force vaccination, or even that forcing vaccinations must be legal. Alternatives to forced vaccination may prove wiser and more conducive to high vaccination rates.

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