scholarly journals Histological evaluation of five suture materials in the telson ligament of the American horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus)

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7061
Author(s):  
Ami E. Krasner ◽  
Amy Hancock-Ronemus ◽  
Larry S. Christian ◽  
Emily H. Griffith ◽  
Gregory A. Lewbart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Horseshoe Crab ◽  
Suture Material ◽  
Secondary Infection ◽  
Polyglycolic Acid ◽  
Tissue Reaction ◽  
Limulus Polyphemus ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Suture Materials ◽  
Soft Membrane ◽  
Horseshoe Crabs

An ideal suture material supports healing, minimizes inflammation, and decreases the likelihood of secondary infection. While there are published recommendations for suture materials in some invertebrates, there are no published recommendations for Limulus polyphemus or any chelicerate. This study evaluates the histological reaction of horseshoe crabs to five commonly used suture materials: monofilament nylon, silk, poliglecaprone, polydioxanone, and polyglycolic acid. None of the materials were superior with regards to holding nor was there any dehiscence. Nylon evoked the least amount of tissue reaction. This work also provides a histopathological description of the soft membrane at the hinge area between the opisthosoma and telson (telson ligament) and comments on euthanasia with intracardiac eugenol.

scholarly journals Clinical and histologic tissue responses of skin incisions closed with glycomer 631 and lactomer 9-1 using subcuticular technique in pigs

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Plavec ◽  
Tanja Švara ◽  
Irena Zdovc ◽  
Mitja Gombač ◽  
Marija Damjanovska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Suture Material ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Tissue Reaction ◽  
Absorbable Suture ◽  
Suture Materials ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Trueperella Pyogenes ◽  
Cumulative Score ◽  
Tissue Reactions

Abstract Background: Glycomer 631 and lactomer 9-1 are absorbable suture materials indicated for soft tissue approximation in non-infected wounds. Pigs are often used as surgical models in translational research, however, the reports of tissue reactions to both suture materials in pigs are lacking. The aim of this study was to assess clinical and histologic responses of skin incisions closed with subcuticular technique using glycomer 631 and lactomer 9-1 in pigs. Results: Skin incisions of 17 pigs were closed with glycomer 631 and lactomer 9-1 and clinical reactive score (CRS) including erythema, swelling, discharge, and dehiscence was calculated on postoperative days 7 and 14. Subcuticular tissue reaction was assessed histologically on postoperative day 14 (the presence of extravascular neutrophils, macrophages, multinucleated giant cells, lymphocytes, fibroblasts, bacterial colonies, overall severity of inflammatory response to suture material), and the cumulative score of variables calculated as aggregate tissue irritation score (ATIS). Tissue samples were examined for suture extrusion and evaluated microbiologically. Clinical reactive score did not differ between the suture materials. Only one variable of ATIS, overall severity of inflammatory response, was lower ( p = 0.029) when glycomer 631 was used. Suture extrusion was found in 10/17 of incisions closed by glycomer 631 and in 7/13 of incisions closed by lactomer 9-1. Trueperella pyogenes was isolated from the skin and from the area of tissue reaction in six pigs. Conclusions: No difference in CRS between the suture materials was observed. Glycomer 631 induced less tissue reaction only in terms of overall severity of inflammatory response. Suture extrusion was observed in more than 50% of incisions regardless of the suture material. Trueperella pyogenes was the only pathogen isolated from the tissue surrounding the suture material.

scholarly journals Influence of different types of surgical suture material on the intensity of tissue reaction in oral cavity

2008 ◽  
pp. 91-99
Author(s):  
Sinisa Mirkovic ◽  
Ljubisa Dzambas ◽  
Srecko Selakovic
Keyword(s):  
Suture Material ◽  
Oral Surgery ◽  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Tissue Reaction ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Suture Materials ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Monofilament Suture ◽  
Surgical Suture ◽  
Basic Features

Throughout the history the most diverse suture material have been used for closing and suturing surgical wounds. The four basic features of suture material are described: knot safety, stretch capacity, tissue reactivity and wound safety. Tissue reaction, even the minimum one, which develops during the first to seven days after applying the suture in the tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate influence of a monofilament suture material (nylon) on the intensity of local tissue reaction in experimental conditions, and to compare it with the multifilament suture used in the routine practice of oral surgery (silk). This investigation is a prospective experimental study carried out on Wistar rats. The experiment included 30 animals, in which Black Silk (thickness 4-1) and Nylon (thickness 4-0) were applied in the upper and lower jaw, respectively. To monitor tissue reaction on different suture materials the following parameters were used: coagulum formation, presence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, presence of macrophages and granuloma, formation of epithelial bridge and connective tissue, collagen synthesis, granulomatous tissue formation and presence of fibrous tissue. After comparing parameters for the intensity of tissue reaction to the investigate suture materials by suturing the oral mucosa, certain advantage could be given to the monofilament suture materials.

scholarly journals GENETIC VARIATION AND GEOGRAPHIC DIFFERENTIATION IN MITOCHONDRIAL DNA OF THE HORSESHOE CRAB, LIMULUS POLYPHEMUS

Genetics ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 613-627
Author(s):  
Nancy C Saunders ◽  
Louis G Kessler ◽  
John C Avise
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Horseshoe Crab ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Clonal Diversity ◽  
Limulus Polyphemus ◽  
Site Variation ◽  
Horseshoe Crabs ◽  
Or Gene

ABSTRACT Restriction site variation in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of the horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) was surveyed in populations ranging from New Hampshire to the Gulf Coast of Florida. MtDNA clonal diversity was moderately high, particularly in southern samples, and a major genetic "break" (nucleotide sequence divergence approximately 2%) distinguished all sampled individuals which were north vs. south of a region in northeastern Florida. The area of genotypic divergence in Limulus corresponds to a long-recognized zoogeographic boundary between warm-temperate and tropical marine faunas, and it suggests that selection pressures and/or gene flow barriers associated with water mass differences may also influence the evolution of species widely distributed across such transition zones. On the other hand, a comparison of the mtDNA divergence patterns in Limulus with computer models involving stochastic lineage extinction in species with limited gene flow demonstrates that deterministic explanations need not necessarily be invoked to account for the observations. Experiments to distinguish stochastic from deterministic possibilities are suggested. Overall, the pattern and magnitude of mtDNA differentiation in horseshoe crabs is very similar to that typically reported for freshwater and terrestrial species assayed over a comparable geographic range. Results demonstrate for the first time that, geographically, at least some continuously distributed marine organisms can show considerable mtDNA genetic differentiation.

The relative influence of nature vs. nurture on the expression of circatidal rhythms in the American horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus

2020 ◽  
Vol 649 ◽  
pp. 83-96
Author(s):  
TN Thomas ◽  
WH Watson ◽  
CC Chabot
Keyword(s):  
Horseshoe Crab ◽  
Marine Organism ◽  
Locomotor Behavior ◽  
Video Tracking ◽  
Limulus Polyphemus ◽  
Behavioral Differences ◽  
Early Environment ◽  
Tidal Cycles ◽  
Horseshoe Crabs ◽  
Nature Vs Nurture

The horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus exhibits rhythmic locomotor behavior that is controlled by both internal clocks and external tidal cycles. Recent findings demonstrate that adult horseshoe crabs from a 2 tides d-1 environment usually express 2 bouts of activity d-1, while adults from areas with 1 dominant tide d-1, or with negligible tides (atidal), generally express 1 bout of activity d-1. Horseshoe crabs from these different environments are genetically distinct, so it is not known if these behavioral differences are driven by genetics or by the tides they experience early in life. To address this question, freshly spawned horseshoe crab eggs from populations that experience these 3 distinct environmental tidal regimes were reared in the laboratory under 1 of the above 3 artificial tidal conditions. Then the activity of individual larval and 2nd instar juveniles was recorded over 3 wk using video tracking software. Endogenous circatidal rhythms were present in most (88/108) of the freshly molted juveniles from all 3 populations, even when they were raised in atidal conditions, indicating a strong genetic influence. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of the presence of genetically driven endogenous circatidal rhythms in an individual juvenile marine organism. Nevertheless, the early environment was also capable of having an impact, because it significantly affected rhythm expression in crabs in the 1 tide d-1 population. Thus, overall, the tidal environment to which horseshoe crab eggs are exposed during development appears to have less of an influence than genetics on their expression of tidal rhythms of locomotion.

Comparison of seven different suture materials in the feline oral cavity

1996 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
GA DeNardo ◽  
NO Brown ◽  
S Trenka-Benthin ◽  
SM Marretta
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Polyglycolic Acid ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Healing Time ◽  
Tissue Reaction ◽  
Suture Materials ◽  
Polyglactin 910 ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Absorbable Material

Seven different suture materials were implanted into the oral tissues of 12 cats. The sutures and surrounding tissues were retrieved en bloc from each of two cats on days one, three, seven, 14, 21, and 28 postimplantation. Tissue reaction and suture duration were evaluated by gross visual observation and histological examination. Chromic gut disappeared between days three and seven; polyglactin 910 disappeared between days 14 and 21; and polyglycolic acid disappeared as early as seven to 14 days. Polydioxanone still was intact at day 28 and is recommended as an absorbable material for procedures in which longer healing time is anticipated. All the nonabsorbable suture materials (i.e., polypropylene, stainless steel, and nylon) were intact at day 28 postimplantation. Visual inspection showed polypropylene to have the least tissue reaction.

scholarly journals Seasonal movement of the American horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus in a semi-enclosed bay on Cape Cod, Massachusetts (USA) as determined by acoustic telemetry

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 575-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary-Jane James-Pirri
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Telemetry ◽  
Horseshoe Crab ◽  
Limulus Polyphemus ◽  
Cape Cod ◽  
Telemetry Data ◽  
Seasonal Movement ◽  
Continuous Record ◽  
Horseshoe Crabs ◽  
Enclosed Bay ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract American horseshoe crabs Limulus polyphemus were tracked using acoustic telemetry and traditional tagging in a semi-enclosed bay on Cape Cod (Pleasant Bay), Massachusetts, USA, to determine seasonal movement patterns. Fifty-five actively spawning females were fitted with transmitters in 2008 and 2009 and were tracked using acoustic telemetry from May 2008 through July 2010. Fifteen crabs with transmitters also had archive depth-temperature tags attached. In addition, over 2000 spawning crabs (males and females) were tagged with US Fish and Wildlife (USFWS) button tags over the same period. Ninety-one percent of the crabs with transmitters were detected during this study. In the spring, crabs were primarily located in the northern section of the bay near spawning beaches, whereas in the fall crabs moved towards the deeper portions of the bay, and some may have overwintered in the bay. There was evidence that a majority (58%–71%) of the females with transmitters spawned in two sequential seasons. One archive tag was recovered resulting in a year-long continuous record of depth and temperature data that, when integrated with telemetry data, indicated that the crab overwintered in the bay. The live recapture rate of crabs with USFWS button tags was 11%, with all re-sighted crabs except one observed inside Pleasant Bay. Eighty-three percent of recaptures were found within 2.5km of the tagging location, and 51% were observed at the same beach where they were tagged. This study provides further evidence that horseshoe crabs in Pleasant Bay may be philopatric to this embayment.

scholarly journals The Draft Genome and Transcriptome of the Atlantic Horseshoe Crab,Limulus polyphemus

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen D. Simpson ◽  
Jordan S. Ramsdell ◽  
Winsor H. Watson III ◽  
Christopher C. Chabot
Keyword(s):  
Horseshoe Crab ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Transcriptome Assembly ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Limulus Polyphemus ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Accessory Gene ◽  
Large Dataset ◽  
Horseshoe Crabs ◽  
Atlantic Horseshoe Crab

The horseshoe crab,Limulus polyphemus, exhibits robust circadian and circatidal rhythms, but little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying those rhythms. In this study, horseshoe crabs were collected during the day and night as well as high and low tides, and their muscle and central nervous system tissues were processed for genome and transcriptome sequencing, respectively. The genome assembly resulted in7.4×105contigs with N50 of 4,736, while the transcriptome assembly resulted in9.3×104contigs and N50 of 3,497. Analysis of functional completeness by the identification of putative universal orthologs suggests that the transcriptome has three times more total expected orthologs than the genome. Interestingly, RNA-Seq analysis indicated no statistically significant changes in expression level for any circadian core or accessory gene, but there was significant cycling of several noncircadian transcripts. Overall, these assemblies provide a resource to investigate theLimulusclock systems and provide a large dataset for further exploration into the taxonomy and biology of the Atlantic horseshoe crab.

scholarly journals The American Horseshoe Crab (Limulus polyphemus)

EDIS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (5) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Savanna Barry ◽  
Holly Abeels ◽  
Shelly Krueger
Keyword(s):  
Horseshoe Crab ◽  
Forest Resources ◽  
Limulus Polyphemus ◽  
Human Medicine ◽  
Fact Sheet ◽  
Living Fossils ◽  
Horseshoe Crabs ◽  
Aquatic Sciences

American horseshoe crabs (<em>Limulus polyphemus</em>) look prehistoric and in fact really have not changed very much in the 200 million years they have been around. This 3-page fact sheet written by Savanna Barry, Holly Abeels, and Shelly Krueger and published by the UF/IFAS Program in Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, School of Forest Resources and Conservation tells the story of these interesting and valuable "living fossils," including their importance both to ecology and human medicine. It provides tips on how to find horseshoe crabs and a few ways you can help them.

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