Hubungan antara Respon Petani pada Kegiatan Pelatihan Usahatani Cabai Paprika (Capsicum Anumm Var.Grossum) dengan Peningkatan Produksi dan Pendapatan

The problem in this study is that the demand for paprika chili continues to increase, along with population growth, nutritional fulfillment, supermarkets, restaurants and export markets. but production so that the level of paprika chili production is still low in Indonesia. The efforts that have been taken are by forming legal entity farmer groups such as the Golden Gate Agricultural Cooperative in Cibodas Village, Lembang District, West Bandung Regency. Koptan G.E Aside from being a provider of saprotan and marketing containers, it is also a vehicle for learning for farmers. Educating member farmers is the main focus of this cooperative work program. The education program held at the G.E Cooperative is in the form of training. To increase the production of paprika chili, the G.E Cooperative held a training on paprika chili farming. This study aims to determine the relationship between the response of farmers to the training activities of paprika chili farming on the increase and production at the Koperasi Gerbang Emas Cibodas Village, Lembang District, West Bandung Regency. To achieve this goal, the type of research used is the case study method that takes the sample by means of saturated samples. The number of respondents was 16 paprika chili farmers who were members of the Gerbang Emas Cooperative who participated in the training of paprika chili farming in 2016. The conclusions from the research are: The application of cultivation techniques to the training of paprika chili farming at the Gerbang Emas Cooperative includes a good category with a cumulative score of 380 (87.96% of expectations). Increased production and income of farmers from GE Koptan members after applying the technical training included in the good category with a cumulative reality score of 262 (77.97% of reality). From the calculation results obtained rscount for 0.64 while rstable for N = 16 and α = 5% or 0.05 for the two-party test get 0.49. This means rscount > rstable or 0.64> 0.49. This means that Ho is rejected, thus there is a significant relationship between the response of farmers to training in paprika chili farming on increasing production and income .

A Diagnostic Model to Predict SARS-CoV-2 Positivity in Emergency Department Using Routine Admission Hematological Parameters

Early detection of SARS-CoV-2 in the emergency department (ED) is a crucial necessity, especially in settings of overcrowding: establishing a pre-diagnostic test probability of infection would help to triage patients and reduce diagnostic errors, and it could be useful in resource-limited countries. Here, we established and validated a clinical predictor of infection based on routine admission hematological parameters. The diagnostic model was developed by comparing 85 consecutive patients with symptomatic COVID-19 confirmed by RT-PCR with 85 symptomatic, SARS-CoV-2-negative controls. Abnormal hematological parameters significantly (p < 0.05) associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection were used to derive a “cumulative score” between 0 and 16. The model was validated in an independent cohort of 170 SARS-CoV-2-positive patients. Several routine hematology parameters were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. A “cumulative score” score ≥7 discriminated COVID-19-postive patients from controls with a sensitivity of 94% and specificity of 100% (p < 0.001). The high sensitivity of the predictive model was confirmed in the prospective validation set, and the cumulative score (i) predicted SARS-CoV-2 positivity even when the first oro-nasopharyngeal swab RT-PCR result was reported as a false negative in both cohorts and (ii) resulted to be independent from disease severity. The cumulative score based on routine blood parameters can be used to predict an early and accurate diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in symptomatic patients, thereby facilitating triage and optimizing early management and isolation from the COVID-19 free population, particularly useful in overcrowding situations and in resource-poor settings.

Are older adults of Rohingya community (Forcibly Displaced Myanmar Nationals or FDMNs) in Bangladesh fearful of COVID-19? Findings from a cross-sectional study

Aim This study aimed to assess the fear of COVID-19 and its associates among older Rohingya (Forcibly Displaced Myanmar Nationals or FDMNs) in Bangladesh. Method We conducted a cross-sectional survey among 416 older FDMNs aged 60 years and above living in camps of Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information on participants’ socio-demographic and lifestyle characteristics, pre-existing non-communicable chronic conditions, and COVID-19 related information. Level of fear was measured using the seven-item Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) with the cumulative score ranged from 7 to 35. A multiple linear regression examined the factors associated with fear. Results Among 416 participants aged 60 years or above, the mean fear score was 14.8 (range 8–28) and 88.9% of the participants had low fear score. Participants who were concerned about COVID-19 (β: 0.63, 95% CI: -0.26 to 1.53) and overwhelmed by COVID-19 (β: 3.54, 95% CI: 2.54 to 4.55) were significantly more likely to be fearful of COVID-19. Other factors significantly associated with higher level of fear were lesser frequency of communication during COVID-19, difficulty in obtaining food during COVID-19, perception that older adults are at highest risk of COVID-19 and receiving COVID-19 related information from Radio/television and friends/family/neighbours. Conclusions Our study highlighted that currently there little fear of COVID-19 among the older Rohingya FDMNs. This is probably due to lack of awareness of the severity of the disease in. Dissemination of public health information relevant to COVID-19 and provision of mental health services should be intensified particularly focusing on the individual who were concerned, overwhelmed or fearful of COVID-19. However, further qualitative research is advised to find out the reasons behind this.

High-dose Salvage Re-irradiation in Recurrent/progressive Adult Diffuse High-Grade Glioma: Development of a Novel Prognostic Scoring System

Purpose: Over the past two decades, high-dose salvage re-irradiation (re-RT) has been used increasingly in the multimodality management of adults with recurrent/progressive high-grade glioma (HGG). Several factors that determine outcomes following re-RT have been incorporated into prognostic models to guide patient selection. We aimed to develop a novel four-tiered prognostic model incorporating relevant molecular markers from our single-institutional cohort of patients treated with high-dose salvage re-RT for recurrent/progressive HGG. Methods: Various patient, disease, and treatment-related factors impacting upon survival following salvage re-RT were identified through univariate analysis. Each of these prognostic factors was further subdivided and assigned scores of 0 (good-risk), 1 (intermediate-risk), or 2 (high-risk) to create a composite prognostic scoring system. Scores from individual prognostic factors were added to derive the cumulative score (ranging from 0 to 16), with increasing scores indicating worsening prognosis. Results: A total of 111 patients with recurrent/progressive HGG treated with salvage high-dose re-RT constituted the study dataset. We could assign patients into four prognostic subgroups (A=15 patients, score 0-3); (B=50 patients, score 4-7); (C=33 patients, score 8-10); and (D=13 patients, score 11-16) with completely non-overlapping survival curves suggesting the good discriminatory ability of the proposed prognostic scoring system. Post-re-RT survival was significantly higher in Group A compared to groups B, C, and D, respectively (stratified log-rank p-value <0.0001). Conclusion: A novel four-tiered prognostic scoring system incorporating traditional factors as well as relevant molecular markers is proposed for selecting patients appropriately for high-dose salvage re-RT.

Dietary Variety Relates to Gut Microbiota Diversity and Abundance

Objectives Cumulative evidence indicated dietary intake is associated with gut microbiota. This study aim to investigate the association between Dietary Variety Score (DVS) and the Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ) and gut microbiota in healthy individuals. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed gut microbiota composition and structure using 16S rRNA gene (V4-V5 region) sequencing of 128 participants. Dietary frequency and 24-h dietary consumption was ascertained using an FFQ. Differences in α- and β-diversity and taxonomic relative abundances between the higher and lower DVS and INQs were compared, followed by multivariable analyses. Results The structure of the microbiota significantly differed by dietary variety. A lower score for DVS was associated with significantly lower richness (Shannon index P = 0.0096). The INQ of vitamin E (INQVE), Zinc (INQZn) and vitamin B6 (INQB6) correlated positively with the Shannon index (rho = 0.235, P = 0.008 for INQVE; rho = 0.209, P = 0.019 for INQZn; rho = 0.182, P = 0.040 for INQB6). A cumulative higher score of INQZn, INQB6 and INQVE was associated with significantly higher richness (Shannon index p-trend = 0.001). A lower score for DVS was associated with significantly reduced relative abundance of genus on Alistipes, Megasphaera and Barnesiella but higher Roseburia and Haemophilus. A lower score for INQVE was associated with significantly reduced relative abundance of genus on Coprococcus and Romboutsia. A lower score for INQB6 was associated with significantly reduced relative abundance of genus on Lachnospira, Dorea, Butyricicoccus, and Anaerostipes but higher Lachnoclostridium (the linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) &gt;3). Meanwhile, the abundance of Coprococcus significantly increased with the higher cumulative score of INQVE, INQZn and INQB6 (P &lt; 0.01), and it associated negatively with LDL level (coef = −0.264, P = 0.041). The findings were confirmed by multivariate analysis. Conclusions Lower dietary variety was significantly associated with reduced relative abundance of potentially beneficial bacteria but increased potentially harmful bacteria in the healthy individuals. Funding Sources This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.82,060,593), Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province (No. 2018GXNSFDA050019).

Activated Fc receptor supramolecular complex

Phagocytosis is a part of immune response. IgG opsonized particles of greater than 1 um are recognized by Fcy receptors on the surface of professional phagocytes such as macrophages and neutrphils. IgGs are part of the immune system and is a cognate ligand of the Fc receptor. Live Cell Affinity Receptor chromatography (LARC) was used to capture an activated Fcy receptor supramolecular complex from the surface of live human neutrophils, by allowing IgG opsonized microbeads to bind to the cell surface. The cells were burst in PBS, collected and digested along side with controls. Isolated FcyR complex was analysed by LC-MS/MS. Fc and control experiment lists of SEQUEST correlated proteins were screened for a total cumulative score of at least 2400 and a minimum of three different peptides. This served as the basis of protein involvement in the FcyR mediated phagocytosis, which were then searched with iHOP for their interaction partners. Gathered interactions were then exported and Cytoscape, Osprey and String algorithms were used to generate network of interacting proteins. PAKs2-4 and PAK6 were detected with LARC. PAK2 and PAK4 were predicted by algorithms to have a central role in particle uptake. From Western Blotting, endogenous PAKs2-4 and PAK6 were detected in murine macrophages. Immunofluorescent staining was then used to verify the presence of these proteins in the forming phagosome and showed localization of PAKs to the phagosome. The same effect was observed with transfection of GFP constructs of PAKs. Upon transfection with dominant negative PAKs reduction in phagocytosis was observed.

Activated Fc receptor supramolecular complex

Phagocytosis is a part of immune response. IgG opsonized particles of greater than 1 um are recognized by Fcy receptors on the surface of professional phagocytes such as macrophages and neutrphils. IgGs are part of the immune system and is a cognate ligand of the Fc receptor. Live Cell Affinity Receptor chromatography (LARC) was used to capture an activated Fcy receptor supramolecular complex from the surface of live human neutrophils, by allowing IgG opsonized microbeads to bind to the cell surface. The cells were burst in PBS, collected and digested along side with controls. Isolated FcyR complex was analysed by LC-MS/MS. Fc and control experiment lists of SEQUEST correlated proteins were screened for a total cumulative score of at least 2400 and a minimum of three different peptides. This served as the basis of protein involvement in the FcyR mediated phagocytosis, which were then searched with iHOP for their interaction partners. Gathered interactions were then exported and Cytoscape, Osprey and String algorithms were used to generate network of interacting proteins. PAKs2-4 and PAK6 were detected with LARC. PAK2 and PAK4 were predicted by algorithms to have a central role in particle uptake. From Western Blotting, endogenous PAKs2-4 and PAK6 were detected in murine macrophages. Immunofluorescent staining was then used to verify the presence of these proteins in the forming phagosome and showed localization of PAKs to the phagosome. The same effect was observed with transfection of GFP constructs of PAKs. Upon transfection with dominant negative PAKs reduction in phagocytosis was observed.

Misconceptions about COVID-19 among older Rohingya (forcefully displaced Myanmar nationals) adults in Bangladesh: findings from a cross-sectional study

ObjectivesDue to low health literacy and adverse situation in the camps, there are possibilities of misconceptions related to COVID-19 among the older Rohingya (forcefully displaced Myanmar nationals or FDMNs) adults in Bangladesh. The present research aimed to assess the level of misconceptions and the factors associated with it among the older FDMNs in Bangladesh.DesignCross-sectional.SettingA selected Rohingya camp situated in Cox’s Bazar, a southeastern district of Bangladesh.ParticipantsInformation was collected from 416 conveniently selected FDMNs who were aged 60 years and above.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was misconceptions related to the spread, prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Information on 14 different locally relevant misconceptions was gathered, each was scored as one, and obtained a cumulative score, ranging from 0 to 14, with a higher score indicating a higher level of misconceptions. A multiple linear regression model explored the factors associated with misconceptions.ResultsThe participants had an average of five misconceptions. The most prevalent misconceptions were: everyone should wear personal protective equipment when outside (84.6%) and its prevention by nutritious food (62.5%) and drinking water (59.3%). Other notable misconceptions included the spread of COVID-19 through mosquito bites (42%) and its transmissions only to the non/less religious person (31.4%). In regression analyses, memory or concentration problems, communication frequency with social networks, pre-existing conditions and receiving information from health workers were significantly associated with higher COVID-19 misconceptions. These misconceptions were less likely among those overwhelmed by COVID-19, having COVID-19 diagnosed friends or family members and receiving information from friends and family.ConclusionsOverall, we found that misconceptions were prevalent among the older FDMNs in Bangladesh. The associations have important implications for programmes to prevent and manage COVID-19 in these settings. Health workers need to be adequately trained to provide clear communication and counter misconceptions.

808 Sleep and Fatigue Mitigation: Paving The Way For Training Health Care Trainees

Introduction The health care workforce is undoubtedly prone to fatigue and sleep deprivation due to extensive hours, shift work and intense demands of the training. The physical and behavioral effects of sleep deprivation can compromise well being and also negatively impact clinical performance. ACGME has been actively engaged in efforts to promote protection of health care trainees from the deleterious effects of sleep deprivation but the grass root level educational efforts towards teaching trainees to mitigate sleep deprivation are lacking. Methods We conducted a 60 minute long “Sleep and Fatigue Training Session” with the goals of increasing the understanding of effects of sleep deprivation and training in countermeasures. The session was conducted as a part of the annual GME orientation session for all the incoming learners. 274 trainees (residents & fellows) participating from all the departments were divided into 25 small groups of 7–12 members each. Clinical vignettes, brief presentation and moderator facilitated interactive discussion were utilized as teaching tools. Handouts with strategies and resources for the trainees were disseminated. Pre and post session surveys were designed to assess trainees baseline understanding of sleep impairment, impact on performance, recognition of impact, possible countermeasures and the impact of module on the aforementioned parameters after the intervention. Results Based on the cumulative trend of participant’s responses obtained on a Likert scale of 1 to 5, results showed improvement in all the parameters including access to training (3.67 to 4.44), awareness (4.31 to 4.46), recognition (4.04 to 4.36), strategies (3.6 to 4.36), and resource availability (3.24 to 4.33). Attendees reported a cumulative score of 4.23/5 in terms of beneficial impact of the module. The resource availability parameter demonstrated the highest average increase (33.6%) after the intervention. The lowest increase in the cumulative trend was displayed (3.5%) in the self-awareness parameter. Conclusion The feedback from learners demonstrated that the interactive model of sleep training session was very favorably received with improved scores in all the parameters assessed. Our model paves the way for other institutes to adopt similar training sessions for learners. Support (if any):

Socio-demographic influences on various consumer food safety indices: an empirical study of ethnic Goan pork sausage consumers

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to assess food safety knowledge, choice behavior and health hazard concerns of ethnic Goan pork sausage consumers through various consumer food safety indices and also to evaluate socio-demographic influences on various consumer food safety indices.Design/methodology/approachPrimary data in the form of 210 questionnaire responses were collected from Goan pork sausage consumers. Based on the responses, seven various consumer food safety indices were derived. The cumulative score of all the indices were normalized (0–1). The association between socio-demographic variables and consumer indices were evaluated using linear regression analysis, Pearson's correlation matrix, principal component analysis (PCA) and correspondence analysis (CA).FindingsThe results of the analysis indicate that the consumption of Goan pork sausages is most prevalent amongst younger people with high education having higher income. A majority of consumers have high score for the four consumer indices. The results of correlation analysis, regression analysis, PCA and CA revealed a significant association of consumer indices with socio-demographic variables.Originality/valueThe results of this study will provide a way forward for the evaluation of existing overall food safety concerns in the target population and in the future would be used for the promotion of good handling practices and health of Goan pork sausage consumers.