scholarly journals Conservation of transcriptional elements in the obligate symbiont of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7477
Author(s):  
Dan-Tong Zhu ◽  
Chi Zou ◽  
Fei-Xue Ban ◽  
Hua-Ling Wang ◽  
Xiao-Wei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Functional Elements ◽  
Intergenic Spacers ◽  
Bacterial Symbiosis ◽  
Obligate Symbiont ◽  
Intergenic Sequences ◽  
Genome Decay ◽  
Transcriptional Elements

Background Bacterial symbiosis is widespread in arthropods, especially in insects. Some of the symbionts undergo a long-term co-evolution with the host, resulting in massive genome decay. One particular consequence of genome decay is thought to be the elimination of transcriptional elements within both the coding region and intergenic sequences. In the whitefly Bemisia tabaci species complex, the obligate symbiont Candidatus Portiera aleyrodidarum is of vital importance in nutrient provision, and yet little is known about the regulatory capacities of it. Methods Portiera genomes of two whitefly species in China were sequenced and assembled. Gene content of these two Portiera genomes was predicted, and then subjected to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis. Together with two other Portiera genomes from whitefly species available previously, four Portiera genomes were utilized to investigate regulatory capacities of Portiera, focusing on transcriptional elements, including genes related with transcription and functional elements within the intergenic spacers. Results Comparative analyses of the four Portiera genomes of whitefly B. tabaci indicate that the obligate symbionts Portiera is similar in different species of whiteflies, in terms of general genome features and possible functions in the biosynthesis of essential amino acids. The screening of transcriptional factors suggests compromised ability of Portiera to regulate the essential amino acid biosynthesis pathways. Meanwhile, thermal tolerance ability of Portiera is indicated with the detection of a σ32 factor, as well as two predicted σ32 binding sites. Within intergenic spacers, functional elements are predicted, including 37 Shine-Dalgarno sequences and 34 putative small RNAs.

scholarly journals Two Deoxythymidine Triphosphate Synthesis-Related Genes Regulate Obligate Symbiont Density and Reproduction in the Whitefly Bemisia tabaci MED

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zezhong Yang ◽  
Cheng Gong ◽  
Yuan Hu ◽  
Jie Zhong ◽  
Jixing Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Rna Interference ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Capacity Analysis ◽  
Host Insect ◽  
Obligate Symbiont ◽  
Pyrimidine Pathway

Deoxythymidine triphosphate (dTTP) is essential for DNA synthesis and cellular growth in all organisms. Here, genetic capacity analysis of the pyrimidine pathway in insects and their symbionts revealed that dTTP is a kind of metabolic input in several host insect/obligate symbiont symbiosis systems, including Bemisia tabaci MED/Candidatus Portiera aleyrodidarum (hereafter Portiera). As such, the roles of dTTP on both sides of the symbiosis system were investigated in B. tabaci MED/Portiera. Dietary RNA interference (RNAi) showed that suppressing dTTP production significantly reduced the density of Portiera, significantly repressed the expression levels of horizontally transferred essential amino acid (EAA) synthesis-related genes, and significantly decreased the reproduction of B. tabaci MED adults as well as the hatchability of their offspring. Our results revealed the regulatory role of dTTP in B. tabaci MED/Portiera and showed that dTTP synthesis-related genes could be potential targets for controlling B. tabaci as well as other sucking pests.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence of “Candidatus Portiera aleyrodidarum” BT-QVLC, an Obligate Symbiont That Supplies Amino Acids and Carotenoids to Bemisia tabaci

2012 ◽  
Vol 194 (23) ◽  
pp. 6654-6655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Santos-Garcia ◽  
Pierre-Antoine Farnier ◽  
Francisco Beitia ◽  
Einat Zchori-Fein ◽  
Fabrice Vavre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Mediterranean Species ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Reduced Genome ◽  
Obligate Symbiont

ABSTRACTThe genome of “CandidatusPortiera aleyrodidarum,” the primary endosymbiont of the whiteflyBemisia tabaci(Mediterranean species), is reported. It presents a reduced genome (357 kb) encoding the capability to synthetize, or participate in the synthesis of, several amino acids and carotenoids, being the first insect endosymbiont capable of supplying carotenoids.

scholarly journals Functional interaction between transcriptional elements in the long terminal repeat of reticuloendotheliosis virus: cooperative DNA binding of promoter- and enhancer-specific factors.

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 5232-5244 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Hirano ◽  
T Wong
Keyword(s):  
Long Terminal Repeat ◽  
Repeated Sequence ◽  
Terminal Repeat ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Cell Extracts ◽  
Cellular Factors ◽  
In Cis ◽  
Transcriptional Elements

Transcription from reticuloenodotheliosis virus strain T (REV-T), an avian retrovirus unrelated to avian leukosis and sarcoma viruses, is modulated by sequences in at least five functional domains. A promoter containing a TATA and multiple CCAAT motifs in U3 of the long terminal repeat was absolutely required for transcription. Transcriptional efficiency was greatly augmented by an enhancer immediately upstream, which contained a 22-base-pair repeated sequence. Transcription was further influenced by a negative-acting domain in the 5' region of U3 and two downstream domains in the transcribed non-protein-coding region. One of these latter domains contained a consensus enhancer core sequence and positively affected transcription in both mammalian and avian cells; the other acted negatively in a dog cell line. Transcription from REV-T in vivo required cellular factors which could be competed for specifically by the promoter or enhancer domain. The downstream domains competed with reporter genes containing these domains, but not directly with the U3 sequences. The promoter, enhancer, and the positive-acting downstream domains formed multiple complexes with distinct classes of cellular factors in both avian and mammalian cell extracts. Binding of factors to the promoter and enhancer domains was cooperative when these domains were joined in cis.

scholarly journals Serial horizontal transfer of vitamin-biosynthetic genes enables the establishment of new nutritional symbionts in aphids’ di-symbiotic systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 259-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Manzano-Marı́n ◽  
Armelle Coeur d’acier ◽  
Anne-Laure Clamens ◽  
Céline Orvain ◽  
Corinne Cruaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Buchnera Aphidicola ◽  
Biosynthetic Genes ◽  
Obligate Symbiont

Abstract Many insects depend on obligate mutualistic bacteria to provide essential nutrients lacking from their diet. Most aphids, whose diet consists of phloem, rely on the bacterial endosymbiont Buchnera aphidicola to supply essential amino acids and B vitamins. However, in some aphid species, provision of these nutrients is partitioned between Buchnera and a younger bacterial partner, whose identity varies across aphid lineages. Little is known about the origin and the evolutionary stability of these di-symbiotic systems. It is also unclear whether the novel symbionts merely compensate for losses in Buchnera or carry new nutritional functions. Using whole-genome endosymbiont sequences of nine Cinara aphids that harbour an Erwinia-related symbiont to complement Buchnera, we show that the Erwinia association arose from a single event of symbiont lifestyle shift, from a free-living to an obligate intracellular one. This event resulted in drastic genome reduction, long-term genome stasis, and co-divergence with aphids. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation reveals that Erwinia inhabits its own bacteriocytes near Buchnera’s. Altogether these results depict a scenario for the establishment of Erwinia as an obligate symbiont that mirrors Buchnera’s. Additionally, we found that the Erwinia vitamin-biosynthetic genes not only compensate for Buchnera’s deficiencies, but also provide a new nutritional function; whose genes have been horizontally acquired from a Sodalis-related bacterium. A subset of these genes have been subsequently transferred to a new Hamiltonella co-obligate symbiont in one specific Cinara lineage. These results show that the establishment and dynamics of multi-partner endosymbioses can be mediated by lateral gene transfers between co-ocurring symbionts.

scholarly journals Serial horizontal transfer of vitamin-biosynthetic genes enables the establishment of new nutritional symbionts in aphids’ di-symbiotic systems

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Manzano-Marín ◽  
Armelle Coeur d’acier ◽  
Anne-Laure Clamens ◽  
Céline Orvain ◽  
Corinne Cruaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Restricted Diet ◽  
Symbiotic System ◽  
Biosynthetic Genes ◽  
Obligate Symbiont ◽  
Related Bacterium ◽  
B Vitamin

ABSTRACTMany insects with a nutrient-restricted diet depend on obligate mutualistic bacteria for the provisioning of essential nutrients lacking from their food source, namely essential amino acids and B vitamins. Most aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae), whose diet consists of phloem, rely on the bacterial endosymbiont Buchnera for the supply of the aforementioned compounds. However, in some aphid lineages Buchnera have lost the capability of producing these nutrients and thus the symbiotic consortium has accommodated an extra bacterial partner to supplement Buchnera’s deficiencies. In this work, we explore the di-symbiotic nutritional endosymbiosis of a group of Cinara aphids which has been found to harbour both Buchnera and an Erwinia-related symbiont. Using fluorescence in situ hybridisation, we have located this symbiont to the bacteriome where it inhabits its own bacteriocytes. Through whole-genome sequencing of the endosymbionts of 9 species of Erwinia-associated Cinara aphids, we have found that Ewrinia genomes are highly syntenic and all show significant genome reduction. Additionally, Erwinia symbionts display phylogenetic congruency with Buchnera, suggesting long-term co-divergence. Most significantly, we found that not only is Erwinia capable of complementing Buchnera’s auxotrophies, but that the genes involved in the biosynthesis of two B vitamins have actually been horizontally acquired from a Sodalis-related bacterium. Finally, this B-vitamin biosynthetic genes have been further transferred to a new Hamiltonella co-obligate symbiont in a specific Cinara lineage, thus displaying a tri-symbiotic system. These results highlight the important role horizontal gene transfer plays in the establishment of new obligate nutritional symbionts.

scholarly journals Analyses of symbiotic bacterial communities in the plant pest Bemisia tabaci reveal high prevalence of Hemipteriphilus asiaticus on the African continent

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Mouton ◽  
Helene Henri ◽  
Rahim Romba ◽  
Zainab Belgaidi ◽  
Olivier Gnankine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Fitness Advantage ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Plant Pest ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Full Picture ◽  
Microbial Symbionts

Microbial symbionts are widespread in insects and some of them have been associated to adaptive changes. Primary symbionts (P-symbionts) have a nutritional role that allows their hosts to feed on unbalanced diets (plant sap, wood, blood). Most of them have undergone genome reduction, but their genomes still retain genes involved in pathways that are necessary to synthesize the nutrients that their hosts need. However, in some P-symbionts, essential pathways are incomplete and secondary symbionts (S-symbionts) are required to complete parts of their degenerated functions. The P-symbiont of the phloem sap-feeder Bemisia tabaci, Portiera aleyrodidarium, lacks genes involved in the synthesis of vitamins, cofactors, and also of some essential amino-acids. Seven S-symbionts have been detected in the B. tabaci species complex. Phenotypic and genomic analyses have revealed various effects, from reproductive manipulation to fitness benefits, notably some of them have complementary metabolic capabilities to Portiera, suggesting that their presence may be obligatory. In order to get the full picture of the symbiotic community of this pest, we investigated, through metabarcoding approaches, the symbiont content of individuals from Burkina Faso, a West African country where B. tabaci induces severe crop damage. While no new putative B. tabaci S-symbiont was identified, Hemipteriphilus, a symbiont only described in B. tabaci populations from Asia, was detected for the first time on this continent. Phylogenetic analyses however reveal that it is a different strain than the reference found in Asia. Specific diagnostic PCRs showed a high prevalence of these S-symbionts and especially of Hemipteriphilus in different genetic groups. These results suggest that Hemipteriphilus may affect the biology of B. tabaci and provide fitness advantage in some B. tabaci populations.

Functional interaction between transcriptional elements in the long terminal repeat of reticuloendotheliosis virus: cooperative DNA binding of promoter- and enhancer-specific factors

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 5232-5244
Author(s):  
A Hirano ◽  
T Wong
Keyword(s):  
Long Terminal Repeat ◽  
Repeated Sequence ◽  
Terminal Repeat ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Cell Extracts ◽  
Cellular Factors ◽  
In Cis ◽  
Transcriptional Elements

Transcription from reticuloenodotheliosis virus strain T (REV-T), an avian retrovirus unrelated to avian leukosis and sarcoma viruses, is modulated by sequences in at least five functional domains. A promoter containing a TATA and multiple CCAAT motifs in U3 of the long terminal repeat was absolutely required for transcription. Transcriptional efficiency was greatly augmented by an enhancer immediately upstream, which contained a 22-base-pair repeated sequence. Transcription was further influenced by a negative-acting domain in the 5' region of U3 and two downstream domains in the transcribed non-protein-coding region. One of these latter domains contained a consensus enhancer core sequence and positively affected transcription in both mammalian and avian cells; the other acted negatively in a dog cell line. Transcription from REV-T in vivo required cellular factors which could be competed for specifically by the promoter or enhancer domain. The downstream domains competed with reporter genes containing these domains, but not directly with the U3 sequences. The promoter, enhancer, and the positive-acting downstream domains formed multiple complexes with distinct classes of cellular factors in both avian and mammalian cell extracts. Binding of factors to the promoter and enhancer domains was cooperative when these domains were joined in cis.

scholarly journals Host Plant Affects Symbiont Abundance in Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Hong Liu ◽  
M. Mostafizur Rahman Shah ◽  
Yue Song ◽  
Tong-Xian Liu
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Plant Nitrogen Nutrition

Symbionts contribute nutrients that allow insects to feed on plants. The whitefly Bemisia tabaci Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) is a polyphagous pest that depends on symbionts to provide key nutrients that are deficient in the diet. Here, we established three whitefly populations on eggplants, cucumbers, and tomatoes and observed that they harbored the same symbiont taxa in different quantities. The amount of the primary symbiont, Portiera, decreased with increasing concentrations of host-plant essential amino acids (EAAs). Whitefly populations transferred to different plant species exhibited fluctuations in Portiera amounts in the first three or four generations; the amount of Portiera increased when whitefly populations were transferred to plant species with lower EAAs proportions. As for the secondary symbionts, the whitefly population of eggplants exhibited lower quantities of Hamiltonella and higher quantities of Rickettsia than the other two populations. The changes of both symbionts’ abundance in whitefly populations after host-plant-shifting for one generation showed little correlation with the EAAs’ proportions of host plants. These findings suggest that host-plant nitrogen nutrition, mainly in the form of EAAs, influences the abundance of symbionts, especially Portiera, to meet the nutritional demands of whiteflies. The results will inform efforts to control pests through manipulating symbionts in insect–symbiont associations.

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