scholarly journals People in early stages of Parkinson’s disease are able to intentionally reweight the use of visual information for postural control

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caio F. Cruz ◽  
Giovanna G. Genoves ◽  
Flávia Doná ◽  
Henrique B. Ferraz ◽  
José A. Barela
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Body Sway ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Coupling Structure ◽  
Yahr Scale ◽  
Posterior Direction

Background Parkinson’s disease (PD) leads to several changes in motor control, many of them related to informational or cognitive overload. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of knowledge and intention on the postural control performance and on the coupling between visual information and body sway in people with and without PD standing upright. Methods Participants were 21 people with PD (62.1 ± 7.2 years), stages 1 and 2 (Hoehn & Yahr scale), under dopaminergic medication, and 21 people in the control group (62.3 ± 7.1 years). Participants stood upright inside a moving room, performing seven trials of 60 s. In the first trial, the room remained motionless. In the others, the room oscillated at 0.2 Hz in the anterior-posterior direction: in the first block of three trials, the participants were not informed about the visual manipulation; in the second block of three trials, participants were informed about the room movement and asked to resist the visual influence. An OPTOTRAK system recorded the moving room displacement and the participants’ sway. The variables mean sway amplitude (MSA), coherence and gain were calculated. Results With no visual manipulation, no difference occurred between groups for MSA. Under visual manipulation conditions, people with PD presented higher MSA than control, and both groups reduced the sway magnitude in the resisting condition. Control group reduced sway magnitude by 6.1%, while PD group reduced by 11.5%. No difference was found between groups and between conditions for the coupling strength (coherence). For the coupling structure (gain), there was no group difference, but both groups showed reduced gain in the resisting condition. Control group reduced gain by 12.0%, while PD group reduced by 9.3%. Conclusions People with PD, under visual manipulation, were more influenced than controls, but they presented the same coupling structure between visual information and body sway as controls. People in early stages of PD are able to intentionally alter the influence of visual information.

Prolonged Standing Task Affects Adaptability of Postural Control in People With Parkinson’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-67
Author(s):  
Gabriel Felipe Moretto ◽  
Felipe Balistieri Santinelli ◽  
Tiago Penedo ◽  
Luis Mochizuki ◽  
Natalia Madalena Rinaldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Control System ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Quiet Standing ◽  
Body Sway ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Postural Control System ◽  
Prolonged Standing

Background Studies on short-term upright quiet standing tasks have presented contradictory findings about postural control in people with Parkinson’s disease (pwPD). Prolonged trial durations might better depict body sway and discriminate pwPD and controls. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate postural control in pwPD during a prolonged standing task. Methods A total of 26 pwPD and 25 neurologically healthy individuals performed 3 quiet standing trials (60 s) before completing a constrained prolonged standing task for 15 minutes. Motion capture was used to record body sway (Vicon, 100 Hz). To investigate the body sway behavior during the 15 minutes of standing, the analysis was divided into three 5-minute-long phases: early, middle, and late. The following body sway parameters were calculated for the anterior-posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML) directions: velocity, root-mean-square, and detrended fluctuations analysis (DFA). The body sway area was also calculated. Two-way ANOVAs (group and phases) and 1-way ANOVA (group) were used to compare these parameters for the prolonged standing and quiet standing, respectively. Results pwPD presented smaller sway area ( P < .001), less complexity (DFA; AP: P < .009; ML: P < .01), and faster velocity (AP: P < .002; ML: P < .001) of body sway compared with the control group during the prolonged standing task. Although the groups swayed similarly (no difference for sway area) during quiet standing, they presented differences in sway area during the prolonged standing task ( P < .001). Conclusions Prolonged standing task reduced adaptability of the postural control system in pwPD. In addition, the prolonged standing task may better analyze the adaptability of the postural control system in pwPD.

scholarly journals Work and power reduced in L-dopa naïve patients in the early-stages of Parkinson’s disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-292
Author(s):  
Lidiane Oliveira Lima ◽  
Francisco Cardoso ◽  
Luci Fuscaldi Teixeira-Salmela ◽  
Fátima Rodrigues-de-Paula
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Isokinetic Dynamometer ◽  
Muscular Performance ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Rehabilitation Strategies

ABSTRACT Studies which have investigated muscular performance during the initial stages of Parkinson´s disease (PD) without L-dopa treatments were not found. Objective to assess whether muscular performance, work and power, of the trunk and lower limbs in L-dopa naïve patients in the early stages of PD was lower than those of healthy subjects and to compare muscular performance between the lower limbs. Method Ten subjects with PD, Hoehn and Yahr (HY) I-II, L-dopa naïve and 10 subjects in the control group were assessed with the isokinetic dynamometer. Results ANOVAs revealed that work and power measures of the trunk, hip, knee, and ankle muscular groups were lower in PD compared with the control group (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in muscular performance between the lower limbs. Conclusion The results suggested the use of specific exercises, as rehabilitation strategies, to improve the ability to produce work and power with this population.

Postural control in children: Effect of discrete manipulation of visual information

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana R. Toledo ◽  
Natália M. Rinaldi ◽  
José A. Barela
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Body Sway ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Trunk Sway ◽  
Posterior Direction ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Postural control developmental changes are observed throughout the first decade of life. Despite all the efforts to uncover the mechanisms and processes underlying these changes, it is not clear yet when children integrate sensory information related to postural control similarly to adults. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effects of visual manipulation on body oscillation in children. Ten eight-year old, ten twelve-year old children and eight adults were asked to maintain the upright stance inside a moving room that oscillated discretely back or forward. Participant trunk sway and moving room displacement, in the anterior-posterior, direction were obtained through IRED markers. Dependent variables were mean sway amplitude and body displacement due to the movement of the moving room. Results revealed that young children oscillated more than older children and adults. Similar results were observed as a consequence of visual manipulation; with young children being more affected and displaying larger body sway than older children and adults. These findings suggest that postural control is not fully developed even at age of eight years and that children at this age still may have difficulties in solving sensory conflicting situations.  

scholarly journals Involvement of Endocytosis and Alternative Splicing in the Formation of the Pathological Process in the Early Stages of Parkinson’s Disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anelya Kh. Alieva ◽  
Maria I. Shadrina ◽  
Elena V. Filatova ◽  
Aleksey V. Karabanov ◽  
Sergey N. Illarioshkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Cellular Transport ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Presymptomatic Stage ◽  
Yahr Scale ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
The One

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the one of most widespread neurodegenerative pathologies. Because of the impossibility of studying the endogenous processes that occur in the brain of patients with PD in the presymptomatic stage, the mechanisms that trigger the disease remain unknown. Thus, the identification of the processes that play an important role in the early stages of the disease in these patients is extremely difficult. In this context, we performed a whole-transcriptome analysis of the peripheral blood of untreated patients with stage 1 PD (Hoehn-Yahr scale). We demonstrated a significant change in the levels of transcripts included in the large groups of processes associated with the functioning of the immune system and cellular transport. Moreover, a significant change in the splicing of genes involved in cellular-transport processes was shown in our study.

scholarly journals Magnetic resonance spectroscopy in Parkinson’s disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 150-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. G. Khomenko ◽  
I. V. Miliukhina ◽  
E. V. Gracheva ◽  
G. V. Kataeva ◽  
A. A. Bogdan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Surrogate Marker ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Yahr Scale ◽  
The Brain

Introduction. Modern neuroimaging methods allow to evaluate in vivo biochemical processes in the brain. Such methods include magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and positron emission tomography (PET). While PET is the “golden standard” in assessing the brain functional state and is widely used in neurodegenerative diseases, the diagnostic value of MRS remains undefined due to the inconsistency of the results obtained in different studies. At the same time, MRC allows obtaining information on the content of many metabolites in living tissues, including N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), which is considered to be a surrogate marker of neuronal integrity, choline (Cho), associated with membrane metabolism, Cr - energy metabolism, etc. The aim of this study is to compare MRS and PET data in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD).Materials and methods. Twenty-six patients with PD stages I to III according to the Hoehn and Yahr Scale and age-matching control group of neurologically and cognitively intact people were examined. All patients underwent neurological examination, a multivoxel MRS of the supraventricular region, including white and gray matter, and PET with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) to assess cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (CMRglu).Results. Decrease of NAA/Cr and NAA/Cho in the white matter in the left hemisphere was revealed in PD group compared to control, with the NAA/Cr ratio negatively correlating with the stage of the disease of the Hoehn and Yahr Scale. The NAA content in the white matter and the cingulate cortex positively correlated with CMRglu in Brodmann fields 5–7, 8–10, 22, 23, 46. At the same time, Cho/Cr ratio negatively correlated with CMRglu in the cortical areas associated with the development of cognitive impairment in PD (Brodman areas 9, 10, 39, 47). 

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