scholarly journals Three-dimensional thoracic and pelvic kinematics and arm swing maximum velocity in older adults using inertial sensor system

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9329
Author(s):  
Xin Fang ◽  
Zhongli Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Inertial Sensor ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Plane Motion ◽  
Transverse Plane ◽  
Coronal Plane ◽  
Arm Swing

Understanding characteristics of torso motion and arm swing of older adults is important. A comprehensive database of three-dimensional thoracic and pelvic kinematics and arm swing maximum velocity of older adults during overground walking is still lacking. Moreover, the relationships between these variables are not fully understood. Therefore, we investigated age and gender effects of three-dimensional thoracic and pelvic ranges of motion and arm swing maximum velocity in 113 healthy old adults (aged 60–89 years) in a 2-min walk test using APDM Movement Monitoring inertial sensor system by two-way ANOVA, and post hoc Bonferroni correction was applied for multiple comparisons between age groups. A paired t-test was used to study the side preference of arm swing maximum velocity. The relationships between variables were investigated via multiple linear regression models. In general, thoracic and pelvic motions showed reduced amplitude with aging. Gait speed, pelvis coronal plane motion and arm swing maximum velocity significantly declined with age. Only the pelvic sagittal plane motion showed a gender main effect. Coronal plane motions of the thorax and pelvis were closely associated, as were sagittal plane motions. Thoracic coronal plane motion was the significant variable influencing pelvic transverse plane motion and vice versa. Gait speed, pelvic coronal and transverse plane motions and thorax sagittal plane motion were significant independent variables that influenced dominant arm maximum velocity. A larger maximum velocity was seen in the left arm. This investigation is valuable for better understanding of gait phenomena and will contribute to identification of gait dysfunction and development of rehabilitation measures.

scholarly journals The effect of prosthetic torsional stiffness on the golf swing kinematics of a left and a right-sided trans-tibial amputee

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Rogers ◽  
S. C. Strike ◽  
E. S. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Transverse Plane ◽  
Golf Swing ◽  
Torsional Stiffness ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Socket Interface

The golf swing is a biomechanically complex movement requiring three-dimensional movements at the ankle joint complex (AJC), the hips and shoulders. Trans-tibial amputees lose the natural AJC movements as many prostheses do not allow three dimensional foot movements. Torsion devices have been developed and incorporated into prostheses to facilitate internal and external transverse plane rotations. These devices can help amputees to compensate for the loss of movement and to reduce shearing stresses at the stump-socket interface. The primary aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of three torsion devices on body rotations during the golf swing. Two trans-tibial amputees (one right-sided and one left-sided) were analysed using three-dimensional video analysis at address (ADR), the top of the backswing (TBS) and at the end of the follow-through (EFT). The participants played shots with a 3-wood under three different prosthetic conditions (two with a torsion device set to different stiffness values, and one with no torsion device). The results showed that the torsion device served to improve the hip and shoulder rotations of the left-side amputee without increasing perceived stress at the stump. The torsion device had minimal effect on the hip and shoulder rotations of the right-side amputee, although perceived stress was reduced. The difference in results between the right-sided and left-sided amputees was due to the different requirements of each foot during the golf swing. The main problem faced by the right-side amputee was a loss of the sagittal plane movement of ankle joint plantarflexion at EFT, rather than the transverse plane movement.

Relationship Between Three-Dimensional Geometry of the Trochlear Groove and In Vivo Patellar Tracking During Weight-Bearing Knee Flexion

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kartik M. Varadarajan ◽  
Andrew A. Freiberg ◽  
Thomas J. Gill ◽  
Harry E. Rubash ◽  
Guoan Li
Keyword(s):  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Transverse Plane ◽  
Patellar Tracking ◽  
Coronal Plane ◽  
Trochlear Groove ◽  
Plane Angle ◽  
Patellar Shift

It is widely recognized that the tracking of patella is strongly influenced by the geometry of the trochlear groove. Nonetheless, quantitative baseline data regarding correlation between the three-dimensional geometry of the trochlear groove and patellar tracking under in vivo weight-bearing conditions are not available. A combined magnetic resonance and dual fluoroscopic imaging technique, coupled with multivariate regression analysis, was used to quantify the relationship between trochlear groove geometry (sulcus location, bisector angle, and coronal plane angle) and in vivo patellar tracking (shift, tilt, and rotation) during weight-bearing knee flexion. The results showed that in the transverse plane, patellar shift was strongly correlated (correlation coefficient R=0.86, p<0.001) to mediolateral location of the trochlear sulcus (raw regression coefficient βraw=0.62) and the trochlear bisector angle (βraw=0.31). Similarly, patellar tilt showed a significant association with the trochlear bisector angle (R=0.45, p<0.001, and βraw=0.60). However, in the coronal plane patellar rotation was poorly correlated with its matching geometric parameter, namely, the coronal plane angle of the trochlea (R=0.26, p=0.01, βraw=0.08). The geometry of the trochlear groove in the transverse plane of the femur had significant effect on the transverse plane motion of the patella (patellar shift and tilt) under in vivo weight-bearing conditions. However, patellar rotation in the coronal plane was weakly correlated with the trochlear geometry.

scholarly journals Smoothness of Gait in Healthy and Cognitively Impaired Individuals: A Study on Italian Elderly Using Wearable Inertial Sensor

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 3577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimiliano Pau ◽  
Ilaria Mulas ◽  
Valeria Putzu ◽  
Gesuina Asoni ◽  
Daniela Viale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Stride Length ◽  
Inertial Sensor ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Acceleration Data ◽  
Trunk Acceleration ◽  
Spatio Temporal

The main purpose of the present study was to compare the smoothness of gait in older adults with and without cognitive impairments, using the harmonic ratio (HR), a metric derived from trunk accelerations. Ninety older adults aged over 65 (age: 78.9 ± 4.8 years; 62% female) underwent instrumental gait analysis, performed using a wearable inertial sensor and cognitive assessment with the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination Revised (ACE-R). They were stratified into three groups based on their MMSE performance: healthy controls (HC), early and advanced cognitive decline (ECD, ACD). The spatio-temporal and smoothness of gait parameters, the latter expressed through HR in anteroposterior (AP), vertical (V) and mediolateral (ML) directions, were derived from trunk acceleration data. The existence of a relationship between gait parameters and degree of cognitive impairment was also explored. The results show that individuals with ECD and ACD exhibited significantly slower speed and shorter stride length, as well as reduced values of HR in the AP and V directions compared to HC, while no significant differences were found between ECD and ACD in any of the investigated parameters. Gait speed, stride length and HR in all directions were found to be moderately correlated with both MMSE and ACE-R scores. Such findings suggest that, in addition to the known changes in gait speed and stride length, important reductions in smoothness of gait are likely to occur in older adults, owing to early/prodromal stages of cognitive impairment. Given the peculiar nature of these metrics, which refers to overall body stability during gait, the calculation of HR may result in being useful in improving the characterization of gait patterns in older adults with cognitive impairments.

scholarly journals CORRELATIONS BETWEEN PLANTAR PRESSURE AND JOINT KINEMATICS IN FEMALE RECREATIONAL RUNNERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-105
Author(s):  
Janelle A. Cross ◽  
◽  
Fadumo Mohamud ◽  
Carolyn Meinerz ◽  
Gerald F. Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Plane Motion ◽  
Joint Kinematics ◽  
Ankle Inversion ◽  
Peak Plantar Pressure ◽  
Pressure Peak ◽  
Recreational Runners

performed simultaneous assessments of plantar pressure and joint kinematics; however, they have not investigated correlations between these parameters. The goal of this study was to assess relationships between joint kinematics and plantar pressure metrics during stance phase of running. Fifteen female recreational runners participated in this study. Three-dimensional motion analysis and plantar pressure data were collected simultaneously as the subjects ran on an instrumented treadmill. Participants ran at a self-selected speed while maintaining a heart rate (HR) at 70-80% of their maximum HR (max HR = 220 – age). Sagittal and coronal plane motion of the ankle and hip and sagittal plane motion of the knee, along with peak plantar pressure, peak ground reaction force (GRF), force impulse, and pressure impulse were examined. Spearman rho correlation tests were performed to determine correlations among lower extremity joint kinematics and plantar pressure metrics. Positive correlations were found between peak plantar pressure and ankle dorsiflexion, knee flexion, and ankle inversion as well as between running speed and peak GRF. These correlations gave insight into risk factors for injury based on the relationship between plantar pressure metrics and joint kinematics.

Foot Orthotic Devices Decrease Transverse Plane Motion during Landing from a Forward Vertical Jump in Healthy Females

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter L. Jenkins ◽  
Dorsey Shelton Williams ◽  
Alex Durland ◽  
Brandon Adams ◽  
Kevin O’Brien
Keyword(s):  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Plane Motion ◽  
Transverse Plane ◽  
Foot Orthoses ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Biomechanical Effect

The use of foot orthoses has been evaluated during a variety of functional activities. Twelve college-aged active females wore two types of foot orthoses and performed a vertical jump to determine the biomechanical effect of the orthoses on lower extremity transverse plane movement during landing. Data collection included three-dimensional analysis of the tibia, knee, and hip. A repeated-measures ANOVA was performed to determine the differences between no orthoses, over-the-counter, and custom-made orthoses with transverse plane motion. At the hip joint, there was significantly less internal rotation (p< .05) in the over-the-counter condition as compared with the no orthoses condition. There was significantly less tibial internal rotation (p< .05) in the custom-made condition as compared with no orthoses. Over-the-counter devices decreased transverse plane motion at the hip, whereas custom-made devices decreased transverse plane motion of the tibia.

Spinal and Pelvic Movement during Walking—A New Method of Study

1981 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
A J Thurston ◽  
M W Whittle ◽  
I A F Stokes
Keyword(s):  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Axial Rotation ◽  
Coronal Plane ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Spinal Movement ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Pelvic Movement ◽  
Normal Males ◽  
Lumbar Spinal

A non-invasive method of measuring pelvic and lumbar spinal movement during walking has been developed. Targets attached to the subject reflect light from stroboscopic lamps mounted near to each of three television cameras which are interfaced to a computer. The targets' locations are identified by the interface and stored as coordinate pairs. From the two-dimensional data from two cameras, three-dimensional data are derived and the relative movements of the lumbar spine and pelvis can be calculated. The ranges of spinal and pelvic movements in a group of twenty-two normal males have been measured. The mean values of spinal motion were 5.1° in the sagittal plane, 9.3° in the coronal plane and 8.3° axial rotation. The corresponding pelvic movements were 4.0° in the sagittal plane, 7.7° in the coronal plane and 11.2° axial rotation. The system is useful to document abnormalities and to record the effects of treatment.

scholarly journals Comparison of six different marker sets to analyze knee kinematics and kinetics during landings

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette Kerkhoff ◽  
Heiko Wagner ◽  
Klaus Peikenkamp
Keyword(s):  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Motion Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Knee Kinematics ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Plane Motion ◽  
Transverse Plane ◽  
High Dynamic ◽  
Joint Load ◽  
Force Data

AbstractIn motion analysis marker sets or protocols are mostly developed for gait analysis and it has been shown that the marker set used affects the results of gait analysis. These marker sets are also used for the analysis of high dynamic sports movements. Single-leg landings are a common tool to investigate functional knee stability and further to predict injury risks where frontal plane motion and loading seem to play an important role. Until now, it is unknown how the marker sets affect the motion analysis results of such high dynamic movements. Therefore, the aim of the study was to compare six different marker sets. Three-dimensional motion and force data of single-leg landings in 12 healthy subjects were collected. Six different marker sets consisting of up to 26 markers and two clusters were simultaneously attached to the subjects’ lower limb and pelvis. The results show that particularly, the knee joint angles in the frontal and transverse plane showed the greatest differences between marker sets with in part contrary joint angle directions and great differences in angle magnitude. In addition, the amount of joint load was dependent on the marker set used for analysis. These results show that one must be careful when interpreting and comparing data of the frontal or transverse plane during high dynamic movements.

Using a three-dimensional model of the Ankle–Foot Orthosis/leg to explore the effects of combinations of axis misalignments

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Fatone ◽  
William Brett Johnson ◽  
Samuel Kwak
Keyword(s):  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Transverse Plane ◽  
Tibial Rotation ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Ankle Foot Orthosis ◽  
Ankle Foot Orthoses ◽  
Third Dimension ◽  
Foot Orthosis

Background and Aim: Misaligning the mechanical axes of Ankle–Foot Orthoses with the ankle axis may lead to tissue damage, reduced gait efficiency, and mechanical wear on the orthosis. Previous models developed to describe the consequences of joint misalignments have only been applied to the sagittal plane. In this study, a previously developed three-dimensional model of the Ankle–Foot Orthosis/leg system was used to determine the effects of misalignments in the frontal and transverse planes and how they interact with misalignments in the sagittal plane. Technique: The motion of two corresponding points on the leg and Ankle–Foot Orthosis was calculated for different binary combinations of translational and rotational misalignments of the mechanical axis, and the resulting displacements between those points recorded. Discussion: Misaligning the mechanical joint axis of the Ankle–Foot Orthosis in the transverse plane led to much greater displacements than other misalignments. Results from the model suggest the importance of prioritizing transverse plane alignment by appropriately accounting for tibial rotation. Clinical relevance: Misalignments in the transverse plane had a dominating effect on relative motion between the Ankle–Foot Orthosis and leg emphasizing the importance of including the third dimension in the model and prioritizing accuracy of alignment in the transverse plane.

Sagittal plane pelvis motion influences transverse plane motion of the femur: Kinematic coupling at the hip joint

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 120-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer J. Bagwell ◽  
Thiago Y. Fukuda ◽  
Christopher M. Powers
Keyword(s):  
Hip Joint ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Plane Motion ◽  
Transverse Plane ◽  
Kinematic Coupling

scholarly journals Application of Elliptic Registration and Three-Dimensional Reconstruction in Postoperative Precise Measurement of Taylor Spatial Frame Parameters

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanshi Liu ◽  
Maimaiaili Yushan ◽  
Zhenhui Liu ◽  
Jialin Liu ◽  
Chuang Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Deformity Correction ◽  
Taylor Spatial Frame ◽  
Coronal Plane ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Three Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Spatial Frame ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction

Abstract Background The Taylor spatial frame offered the ability of simultaneous correction of the multidirectional deformities without the need of change the frame, and it was widely used for limb lengthening, deformity correction and fracture reduction in recent years. There are still some inherent limitations which can affect the accuracy of correction, especially for the measurement of the mounting and rotational parameters. The purpose of our study was to perform precise postoperative measurement of Taylor spatial frame (TSF) parameters by application of elliptic registration and three-dimensional reconstruction.Methods This retrospectively study included 28 trauma patients who suffered tibial fracture treated by the TSF at our institution from January 2016 to January 2018, including 25 males and 3 females with a mean age of 43 years (range 14–70 years). We conducted standard full-length anteroposterior and lateral X-rays of the injured extremity and the computed tomographic scans of the bilateral extremities after operation. Elliptic registration and 3D reconstruction were used to calculated the parameters by two types of software Mimics and CorelDRAW. Correction of the deformity was conducted by adjusting the struts of the TSF according to the electronic prescription. The standard anteroposterior and lateral X-rays after correction were taken to evaluate the effectiveness.Results All patients acquired functional reduction which was evaluated by digital radiography. The mean coronal plane translation(1.9 ± 2.2 mm), coronal plane angulation(1.2 ± 1.0°), sagittal plane translation(2.7 ± 2.1 mm) and sagittal plane angulation(1.2 ± 1.0°) after correction were all less than those(5.5 ± 4.6 mm, 4.9 ± 3.9°, 4.7 ± 4.0 mm, 2.7 ± 2.3°) before correction.Conclusions The TSF system can precise correct the 6-axis deformities simultaneously with the accurate parameters. Application of elliptic registration and three-dimensional reconstruction can precisely measure the TSF parameters, especially for the mounting and the rotational parameters.

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