Reproductive Biology and Mass Production of Pseudodiaptomus annandalie Sewell (Copepoda: Calanoida)

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
ROMEO D. CATURAO
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Field Collection ◽  
Live Feeds ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Chaetoceros Calcitrans ◽  
Nutritional Studies ◽  
Microalgal Species

Due to expensive microparticulate diets for marine fish larvae, mariculturesystems shifted to alternative live feeds. P. annandalie is recommended asalternative larval feed; however, field collection is unreliable because the quantityrequired is variable in nature. This study examined the reproductive biology andmass production of P.annandalie. The reproductive biology was characterized byegg, nauplii, copepodite and total abundances, and fecundity through feedingvarious locally available microalgal species and at different salinity levels. Exceptfor scaling up, all experiments were conducted in complete randomized designand data were analyzed by ANOVA at 0.05 alpha using SPSS. Results showed that reproductive biology of P. annandalie cultured for 20 days is better enhanced by microalgal species (Chaetoceros calcitrans) at lower salinity of 20 ppt. Scale-up andmass production was possible through a multi-step method. It is recommendedthat nutritional studies should be explored to improve fecundity of this species.Keywords - Biology, Pseudodiaptomus annandalie, reproductive biology, fecundity, massproduction, and experimental design

Chemistry, Analysis, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Aspects of Lorcaserin, a Selective Serotonin 5-HT2C Receptor Agonist: An Update

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 768-778
Author(s):  
Sanjay Sharma ◽  
Komal S. Aware ◽  
Ketan Hatware ◽  
Kiran Patil
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Receptor Agonist ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Selective Serotonin ◽  
Pharmacokinetics And Pharmacodynamics ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
Tissue Matrix ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

This review refers to the all-inclusive details of Lorcaserin Hydrochloride on comprehensive information about the synthesis, analytical methods, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, drug interactions and adverse effects. Lorcaserin Hydrochloride is chemically (R)-8-Chloro-1-methyl-2,3,4,5- tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine hydrochloride. Lorcaserin HCl is a novel, synthetic, centrally-acting selective serotonin C (5-HT2c) receptor, l agonist, which results in increased satiety and decreased food consumption in patients. Headache, dizziness and nausea are the most common side effects associated with this drug. Lorcaserin HCl has two major metabolites, one conjugated with glucuronide called N-carbamoyl glucuronide which is excreted in urine and the second Lorcaserin N-sulfamate, which is circulated in the blood. Lorcaserin HCl is synthesized using four different schemes of which a six-step method that resulted in 92.3% yield with 99.8% of purity is employed for scale-up production. It is analyzed quantitatively in the plasma and brain tissue matrix of rats by Ultra Performance Liquid chromatographic (UPLC) method using MS-MS (Mass Spectrometric) detection.

Rotifers, Artemia and copepods as live feeds for fish larvae in aquaculture

2013 ◽  
pp. 157-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dhont ◽  
K. Dierckens ◽  
J. Støttrup ◽  
G. Van Stappen ◽  
M. Wille ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Live Feeds

scholarly journals Tetanus toxin production in soy-based medium: nutritional studies and scale-up into small fermentors

2007 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 635-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.L. Demain ◽  
S. George ◽  
M. Kole ◽  
D.F. Gerson ◽  
A. Fang
Keyword(s):  
Tetanus Toxin ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Nutritional Studies

Economics of microalgae (Chaetoceros calcitrans) production using the multi-step method in the Philippines

Aquaculture ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giselle PB. Samonte ◽  
Corazon C. Espegadera ◽  
Romeo D. Caturao
Keyword(s):  
The Philippines ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Chaetoceros Calcitrans

scholarly journals Cell Disruption of Chaetoceros calcitrans by Microwave and Ultrasound in Lipid Extraction

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Almeida Nogueira ◽  
Juliane Machado da Silveira ◽  
Évelin Mendes Vidal ◽  
Natália Torres Ribeiro ◽  
Carlos André Veiga Burkert
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Downstream Processing ◽  
Cell Disruption ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chaetoceros Calcitrans

Downstream processing, such as cell disruption and extraction, constitutes a key step in microalgal-based industrial bioprocesses, mainly due to high costs and environmental impact. In this context, extraction technologies need to be improved, including the use of nonconventional cell disruption techniques suitable for scale-up, such as microwave and ultrasound. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating the effects of different methods of cell disruption (microwave and ultrasound) on lipid extraction from biomass of the diatom Chaetoceros calcitrans cultured in mixotrophic conditions in a medium with natural sea water and residual glycerol, with different treatment times. Both techniques applied to the biomass were efficient; that is, the results were 24.6 ± 1.3% lipids (ultrasound for 5 min) and 24.2 ± 0.9% lipids (microwave for 40 s), with no significant differences between them (p≥0.05). Likewise, there was no significant difference regarding the chemical disruption with hydrochloric acid 2 M as control (24.2 ± 1.0%). The ultrasound method consumed less energy than the microwave method. Both cell disruption methods applied to the biomass resulted in changes in the fatty acid profiles, that is, percentages of saturated fatty acids increased from 7.7% (control) to 16.6% (microwave) and 15.5% (ultrasound), whereas polyunsaturated ones increased from 12.8% (control) to 22.8% (microwave) and 21.8% (ultrasound). Concerning monounsaturated fatty acids, percentages decreased from 79.5% (control) to 60.6% (microwave) and 62.7% (ultrasound).

Solvent-free synthesis of meso- tetraarylporphyrins in air: product diversity and yield optimization

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (07) ◽  
pp. 621-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shabnam Nia ◽  
Xianchang Gong ◽  
Charles Michael Drain ◽  
Matthew Jurow ◽  
Waqar Rizvi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scale Up ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Rapid Preparation ◽  
Yield Optimization ◽  
One Step ◽  
Simple Extraction ◽  
The Many ◽  
Solvent Free Synthesis ◽  
By Products

The scope and optimization of a solvent-free method for the rapid preparation and facile purification of technologically important meso-substituted aryl porphyrins, such as 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin is presented. This one-step method involves heating the aromatic aldehyde to ~200°C in a vial fitted with a septum-lined cap, followed by addition of the pyrrole and maintaining the temperature for about 20 minutes. The dioxygen in air serves as the oxidant. Present results show that the addition of benzoic acid as a catalyst improves the yield of 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin from 22% to 32% and of para halogenated phenylporphyrins from 10% to ~25%. Herein is also presented an examination of the many factors that influence the yield, the ease of purification, and the ability to scale up the reaction. Since the tarry by-products from this method are much less soluble than in most other synthetic strategies, much less solvent is required for purification; simple extraction is often sufficient. This method can be scaled in the lab to > 300 mg, and provides an attractive route to many meso-substituted porphyrins because of its minimal waste generation in terms of both solvent and chromatography support.

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