Association Among Spinnbarkeit, Electrical Conductivity, and Crystallization of Cervical Mucus and Pregnancy Rate in Egyptian Baladi Cows

Alteration of the biophysical and biochemical characteristics of cervical mucus (CM) due to differences in steroid hormones through the estrus cycle leads to different pregnancy rates. This investigation aims to study the possible relationship between CM properties with biochemical profiles, macro-mineral levels, and steroid hormones concentrations, and their effects on pregnancy rates of Egyptian cows. Fourteen Baladi cows were used and synchronized. The model log-likelihood ratio was highly significant (P=0.0009), and reported that the spinnbarkeit (SPK), electrical conductivity (EC), and crystallization (CRS) had significant effect on high pregnancy rate. The 3rd level of SPK (>13.5 cm) and EC (>15 mS/cm) was the highest significant (P=0.0016 & 0.0517, respectively) and a clear positive of estimate marginal effect (20.2543 & 10.6192, respectively) attitude towards the pregnancy rate. However, in case of the CRS, the significant effect was in the first two levels (P=0.0321 & 0.0425, respectively) with a high pregnancy rate, reverse the last 2 levels. Total protein, cholesterol, glucose, potassium, chloride levels, and estradiol concentrations were observed higher with increasing levels of SPK and EC and appearance of typical fern patterns (first two levels of CRS), in contrast to sodium, and progesterone concentrations that decreased with elevating levels of SPK and EC and appearance of atypical fern patterns (last two levels of CRS). There was a close correlation between CM properties and steroid hormones (P4 & E2). So, alterations in CM properties, especially SPK, EC, and CRS, can be utilized to foresee estrus time and, as a result, insemination time.

In pursuit of incorporation of markers of oxidative stress in traditional biochemical panels in clinical Chemistry: A risk assessment step in diagnosis and biotherapy

Chemical pathology (clinical chemistry/biochemistry) is the branch of laboratory medicine concerned with the detection of alterations in the chemical constituents and biochemical mechanisms, which ensure health, culminating in disease. The disease itself is a pattern of response to some insult or injury resulting in a disturbed function or structure. It is often difficult to ascertain precisely the point of transition from health to a disease state. Pathological changes, including metabolic and molecular perturbations, with the potential to progress to clinical disease, are also present in healthy populations, noteworthy are the reactive oxygen species such as hydroxyl radicals with the propensity to cause oxidative DNA damage. Biochemical profiles or panels such as liver function tests, renal function tests, bone profile, lipid profile, acid-base, and critical care have served as biomarkers employed in indicating the presence of or measuring the progress of the disease, as well as the effect of treatment. Oxidative stress, an imbalance between bio-available antioxidants and reactive species, is now widely recognized as accompanying most pathological states. Hence, the exclusion of antioxidant components in biochemical profiles appears a grave oversight. Basic components of the antioxidant system, glutathione (GSH), zinc, uric acid, ascorbic acid, and α-tocopherol, may be selected for incorporation. GSH is particularly important; as a scavenger for damaging oxidative intermediates in cells, it promises to be a good predictor of disease progression and prognosis. Including the antioxidant component into traditional profiles may aid physicians in more confidently ruling out disease, enabling further investigations, and/or reassuring patients. It is proposed that redefining the traditional profiles in chemical pathology by incorporating the indexes of the antioxidant system promises considerable improvement in the risk assessment process, in disease detection and recognition of the threshold of clinical concern in disease management and biotherapy.

Biochemical and haematological profiles of black Bengal goat in Mymensingh sadar of Bangladesh

The aim of the present study was to know the normal haemato- biochemical profiles of black Bengal goats in Bangladesh. Blood samples were collected from Jugular vein of 20 Black Bengal goats which were divided into 5 groups (4 goats in each group) on the basis of age, sex, nutritional and feeding status. The whole blood was analyzed for hematology, plasma and serum samples for biochemical analysis. The results of the present study demonstrate the normal haemato-biochemical values of the Black Bengal goat breeds with their age specificity. Total RBC (15.15 ± 1.29 million/cumm), haemoglobin (7.04 ± 1.02 g/dl), total WBC (11.64 ± 1.12), differential leukocyte counts of neutrophils (70.89 ± 2.06%), lymphocyte (23.79 ± 1.69%), eosinophil 2.1%), basophil (2.3%), MCV (35.04 ± 0.47) and PCV (26.98 ± 1.49%). This study also reveals the normal bio-logical profile counts as total protein (69.47±2.31 g/L), Albumin (42.47 ± 2.31g/L), Globulin (27.32g/L), Phosphorus (3.46 ± 1.19), blood Urea (22.97 ± 0.58), Creatinine (0.645mg/dl), ALT (20.32U/L), ALP (91.59 U/L), GGT (37.46 U/L), IgG (18.91 ± 1.14 g/L), IgM ( 2.87 ± 0.18g/L), gA (.031 ± 0.12g/L) and IL-6 (1.69±0.15g/ml). The study found higher number of RBC (million/cumm), WBC (Thousands/cumm), and PCV% in the goats of age 3 years and above (18.02 ± 1.27, 14.72 ± 1.19, and 28 ± 3.2), respectively. Besides, Neutrophils% and total protein was found higher (76.289 ± 14.5%, 77.52 ± 8.43 g/L), respectively in the Black Bengal goats of 6 months to 1 year age. Present results stated some significant variation of parameters between goats of various ages; on the other hand, some shows no significant variation at all. Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.8(3): 329-337, December 2021

SARS-CoV-2 Infection in One Cat and Three Dogs Living in COVID-19-Positive Households in Madrid, Spain

In this study, we describe SARS-CoV-2 infection dynamics in one cat and three dogs from households with confirmed human cases of COVID-19 living in the Madrid Community (Spain) at the time of expansion (December 2020 through June 2021) of the alpha variant (lineage B.1.1.7). A thorough physical exam and nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal, and rectal swabs were collected for real-time reverse-transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) SARS-CoV-2 testing on day 0 and in successive samplings on days 7, 14, 21, and 47 during monitoring. Blood was also drawn to determine complete blood counts, biochemical profiles, and serology of the IgG response against SARS-CoV-2. On day 0, the cat case 1 presented with dyspnea and fever associated with a mild bronchoalveolar pattern. The dog cases 2, 3, and 4 were healthy, but case 2 presented with coughing, dyspnea, and weakness, and case 4 exhibited coughing and bilateral nasal discharge 3 and 6 days before the clinical exam. Case 3 (from the same household as case 2) remained asymptomatic. SARS-CoV-2 detection by RT-qPCR showed that the cat case 1 and the dog case 2 exhibited the lowest cycle threshold (Ct) (Ct < 30) when they presented clinical signs. Viral detection failed in successive samplings. Serological analyses revealed a positive IgG response in cat case 1 and dog cases 3 and 4 shortly after or simultaneously to virus shedding. Dog case 2 was seronegative, but seroconverted 21 days after SARS-CoV-2 detection. SARS-CoV-2 genome sequencing was attempted, and genomes were classified as belonging to the B.1.1.7 lineage.

Siblings with MAN1B1-CDG Showing Novel Biochemical Profiles

Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG), inherited metabolic diseases caused by defects in glycosylation, are characterized by a high frequency of intellectual disability (ID) and various clinical manifestations. Two siblings with ID, dysmorphic features, and epilepsy were examined using mass spectrometry of serum transferrin, which revealed a CDG type 2 pattern. Whole-exome sequencing showed that both patients were homozygous for a novel pathogenic variant of MAN1B1 (NM_016219.4:c.1837del) inherited from their healthy parents. We conducted a HPLC analysis of sialylated N-linked glycans released from total plasma proteins and characterized the α1,2-mannosidase I activity of the lymphocyte microsome fraction. The accumulation of monosialoglycans was observed in MAN1B1-deficient patients, indicating N-glycan-processing defects. The enzymatic activity of MAN1B1 was compromised in patient-derived lymphocytes. The present patients exhibited unique manifestations including early-onset epileptic encephalopathy and cerebral infarction. They also showed coagulation abnormalities and hypertransaminasemia. Neither sibling had truncal obesity, which is one of the characteristic features of MAN1B1-CDG.

Nutritional Evaluation and Biochemical Profiles of Microalgae as Potential Human Health Supplements

Food supplements industries, an important place must be assigned to nutraceuticals containing microalgae, nowadays accounting for a large and rapidly expanding market. The marketed products are mainly based on production strains, i.e., Spirulina and Chlorella in the composite situation, since two of them are cyanobacteria and the second one is eukaryotic. In the marketed form and several utilizations, and peculiarities that need special attention and adequate studies. General report is about the current scientific knowledge on each microalga, in particular the nutritional value and properties in prevention and wellbeing. Second, original studies are presented concerning the quality control of marketed products. Quality control is act as key argument in nutraceuticals validation. Microalgae one of particular organisms that need specific approaches to check identity and validate properties of microalgae. The paper is dedicated to the need for specificity in uses and to considerations about the future of microalgae in food supplements in our daily needs. India is a country with heterogenic population having diverse food habits become a driving force in the shift towards a greater recognition between diet and health care in research the use of few natural unprocessed foods like blue-green algae “spirulina” which has a galaxy of nutrients as diet supplements. The purpose of the present review is to compile evidence regarding the health benefits of spirulina, amount of evidence on health benefits are its effect in preventing anaemia, blood sugar and obesity many health diseases. Keywords: Microalgae, Nutraceuticals, Omega fatty acids, Phycocyanin, Spirulina: Blue-Green Algae.