Phytomonitoring in Kiwifruit orchards as a plant water status indicator and its use in irrigation scheduling.

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-138
Author(s):  
E. Gratacos ◽  
◽  
L. Gurovich
Keyword(s):  
Water Status ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Plant Water Status ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Status Indicator

Single hyperspectral bands are highly sensitive to water stress in adult mandarin trees

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Berríos ◽  
Abdelmalek Temnani ◽  
Susana Zapata ◽  
Manuel Forcén ◽  
Sandra Martínez-Pedreño ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Plant Water Status ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Severe Water Stress

<p>Mandarin is one of the most important Citrus cultivated in Spain and the sustainability of the crop is subject to a constant pressure for water resources among the productive sectors and to a high climatic demand conditions and low rainfall (about 250 mm per year). The availability of irrigation water in the Murcia Region is generally close to 3,500 m<sup>3</sup> per ha and year, so it is only possible to satisfy 50 - 60% of the late mandarin ETc, which requires about 5,500 m<sup>3</sup> per ha. For this reason, it is necessary to provide tools to farmers in order to control the water applied in each phenological phase without promoting levels of severe water stress to the crop that negatively affect the sustainability of farms located in semi-arid conditions. Stem water potential (SWP) is a plant water status indicator very sensitive to water deficit, although its measurement is manual, discontinuous and on a small-scale.  In this way, indicators measured on a larger scale are necessary to achieve integrating the water status of the crop throughout the farm. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the sensitivity to water deficit of different hyperspectral single bands (HSB) and their relationship with the midday SWP in mandarin trees submitted to severe water stress in different phenological phases. Four different irrigation treatments were assessed: i) a control (CTL), irrigated at 100% of the ETc throughout the growing season to satisfy plant water requirements and three water stress treatments that were irrigated at 60% of ETc throughout the season – corresponding to the real irrigation water availability – except  during: ii) the end of phase I and beginning of phase II (IS IIa), iii) the first half of phase II (IS IIb) and iv) phase III of fruit growth (IS III), which irrigation was withheld until values of -1.8 MPa of SWP or a water stress integral of 60 MPa day<sup>-1</sup>. When these threshold values were reached, the spectral reflectance values were measured between 350 and 2500 nm using a leaf level spectroradiometer to 20 mature and sunny leaves on 4 trees per treatment. Twenty-four HVI and HSB were calculated and a linear correlation was made between each of them with SWP, where the ρ940 and ρ1250 nm single bands reflectance presented r-Pearson values of -0.78** and -0.83***, respectively. Two linear regression curves fitting were made: SWP (MPa) = -11.05 ∙ ρ940 + 7.8014 (R<sup>2</sup> =0.61) and SWP (MPa) = -13.043 ∙ ρ1250 + 8.9757 (R<sup>2</sup> =0.69). These relationships were obtained with three different fruit diameters (35, 50 and 65 mm) and in a range between -0.7 and -1.6 MPa of SWP. Results obtained show the possibility of using these single bands in the detection of water stress in adult mandarin trees, and thus propose a sustainable and efficient irrigation scheduling by means of unmanned aerial vehicles equipped with sensors to carry out an automated control of the plant water status and with a suitable temporal and spatial scale to apply precision irrigation.</p>

Development of a Continuous Leaf Monitoring System to Predict Plant Water Status

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 1445-1455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajveer S. Dhillon ◽  
Shrini K. Upadhaya ◽  
Francisco Rojo ◽  
Jed Roach ◽  
Robert W. Coates ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
Plant Water Status ◽  
Mesh Network ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Plant Water Stress ◽  
Precision Irrigation

Abstract. There is increased demand for irrigation scheduling tools that support effective use of the limited supply of irrigation water. An efficient precision irrigation system requires water to be delivered based on crop needs by measuring or estimating plant water stress. Leaf temperature is a good indicator of water stress. In this study, a system was developed to monitor leaf temperature and microclimatic environmental variables to predict plant water stress. This system, called the leaf monitor, monitored plant water status by continuously measuring leaf temperature, air temperature, relative humidity, ambient light, and wind conditions in the vicinity of a shaded leaf. The system also included a leaf holder, a solar radiation diffuser dome, and a wind barrier for improved performance of the unit. Controlled wind speed and consistent light conditions were created around the leaf to reduce the effect of nuisance variables on leaf temperature. The leaf monitor was incorporated into a mesh network of wireless nodes for sensor data collection and remote valve control. The system was evaluated for remote data collection in commercial orchards. Experiments were conducted during the 2013 and 2014 growing seasons in walnut () and almond () orchards. The system was found to be reliable and capable of providing real-time visualization of the data remotely, with minimal technical problems. Leaf monitor data were used to develop modified crop water stress index (MCWSI) values for quantifying plant water stress levels. Keywords: Almonds, CWSI, Infrared sensor, Irrigation scheduling, Leaf temperature, Nut crops, Plant water stress, Precision irrigation, Stem water potential, Walnuts, Wireless mesh network.

scholarly journals Identifying the best plant water status indicator for bio‐energy poplar genotypes

GCB Bioenergy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 426-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Navarro ◽  
Miguel Portillo‐Estrada ◽  
Reinhart Ceulemans
Keyword(s):  
Water Status ◽  
Plant Water Status ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Status Indicator

Soil Moisture as Predictor of Plant Water Status

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 110-115
Author(s):  
Johannes Hertzler ◽  
Steffen Rust
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Plant Water Status ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Estimation Errors ◽  
Plant Available Water ◽  
The Relationship

Soil water potential can be used as a proxy for plant available water in irrigation scheduling. This study investigated the relationship between soil water potential and plant water status of pines (Pinus sylvestris L.) planted into two different substrates. Predawn leaf water potential as a well-established measure of the plant water status and soil water potential correlated very well. However, estimating the plant water status from individual sensor readings is subject to significant estimation errors. Furthermore, it was shown that heterogeneous soil/root ball combinations can lead to critical effects on the soil water balance, and that sensors installed outside of the root balls cannot estimate the plant water status without site-specific calibration.

scholarly journals Plant Water Status Indicators for Irrigation Scheduling Associated with Iso- and Anisohydric Behavior: Vine and Plum Trees

Horticulturae ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Blanco-Cipollone ◽  
Sónia Lourenço ◽  
José Silvestre ◽  
Nuno Conceição ◽  
María Moñino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Status ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Plant Water Status ◽  
Plant Water

Drip irrigation scheduling for container grown trees based on plant water status

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Stoochnoff ◽  
T. Graham ◽  
M. A. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Plant Water Status ◽  
Plant Water

scholarly journals Irrigation Factor Approach Based on Soil Water Content: A Nectarine Orchard Case Study

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Vera ◽  
Wenceslao Conejero ◽  
María Conesa ◽  
M. Ruiz-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Plant Water Status ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Stem Water Potential ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Irrigation Drainage

Precision agriculture requires irrigation supported by an accurate knowledge of the crop water requirements. In this paper, a novel approach for drip irrigation scheduling of fruit trees is presented based on the results obtained during a full growing season in an early-maturing nectarine orchard growing in a clay loam soil in a Mediterranean environment. Real-time water content was monitored in the soil profile of the main root exploration zone by means of capacitance probes; in addition, plant water status (midday stem water potential and leaf gas exchange) and canopy development were frequently measured throughout the vegetative cycle. The reference evapotranspiration (ET0) values, taken from a nearby automatic meteorological station, and the measured irrigation values allowed the determination of the irrigation factors once irrigation drainage during the season was assumed to be negligible and plant water status was proved to be adequate. The proposed irrigation factors offer a hands-on approach as an easy tool for irrigation management based on suitable soil water deficits, allowing the water requirements of nectarine trees under precision irrigation to be determined in semi-arid agrosystems where water resources are limited.

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