scholarly journals THE ROLE OF FACIAL ATTRACTIVENESS AND GENDER ON CHANGE DETECTION AND RECOGNITION MEMORY

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (21) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Change Detection ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Attention And Memory ◽  
Discussion Section ◽  
Participant Gender ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Attractive Female ◽  
Detection And Recognition

This study aimed to investigate the effect of automatic attentional bias on change detection and recognition memory performance. In this context, attractive faces, which have priority in attention selection, were used as stimuli. The data of 110 participants were analyzed (54 females, 56 males, Mage = 20.87 ± 1.80). As a result, there was a significant effect of attractiveness [F(2.73, 295.16) = 37.33, p < .001, ƞp2 = .26] and model gender [F(1, 108) = 6.47, p < .05, ƞp2 = .06] on change detection performance. Accordingly, the fastest performance is when only the target was an attractive female; the slowest performance was observed when only the distractors were attractive female. On the other hand, the data of 94 participants (46 females, 48 males, Mage = 21.05 ± 1.95) were analyzed for the recognition memory. Accordingly, low memory performance was generally observed. Memory sensitivity was significantly lower for attractive faces (-.31) than average-looking ones (.59). Besides, bias to respond “old” for attractive faces were higher than average-looking faces for both model genders. Therefore, the findings suggest that the decision criterion was more liberal for attractive faces (for females -.06, for males -.46) than average faces (for females .15, for males .33). On the other hand, there was no significant effect of the participant gender on both attention and memory tasks (p > .05). The study is the first known change detection and recognition memory study to examine participant gender, model gender, and attractiveness together. The limitations of the study and suggestions for future studies are handled in the discussion section.

Semantic Congruency Improves Recognition Memory Performance for Both Audiovisual and Visual Stimuli

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 763-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenni Heikkilä ◽  
Kimmo Alho ◽  
Kaisa Tiippana
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Congruency Effect ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
The Other ◽  
Memory Encoding ◽  
Semantic Congruency ◽  
Recognition Memory Performance ◽  
Visual Encoding ◽  
Per Se

Audiovisual semantic congruency during memory encoding has been shown to facilitate later recognition memory performance. However, it is still unclear whether this improvement is due to multisensory semantic congruency or just semantic congruencyper se. We investigated whether dual visual encoding facilitates recognition memory in the same way as audiovisual encoding. The participants memorized auditory or visual stimuli paired with a semantically congruent, incongruent or non-semantic stimulus in the same modality or in the other modality during encoding. Subsequent recognition memory performance was better when the stimulus was initially paired with a semantically congruent stimulus than when it was paired with a non-semantic stimulus. This congruency effect was observed with both audiovisual and dual visual stimuli. The present results indicate that not only multisensory but also unisensory semantically congruent stimuli can improve memory performance. Thus, the semantic congruency effect is not solely a multisensory phenomenon, as has been suggested previously.

The Relationship between Change Detection and Recognition of Centrally Attended Objects in Motion Pictures

Perception ◽  
10.1068/p5079 ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 947-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonnie L Angelone ◽  
Daniel T Levin ◽  
Daniel J Simons
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Change Detection ◽  
Motion Pictures ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Detection And Recognition

Observers typically detect changes to central objects more readily than changes to marginal objects, but they sometimes miss changes to central, attended objects as well. However, even if observers do not report such changes, they may be able to recognize the changed object. In three experiments we explored change detection and recognition memory for several types of changes to central objects in motion pictures. Observers who failed to detect a change still performed at above chance levels on a recognition task in almost all conditions. In addition, observers who detected the change were no more accurate in their recognition than those who did not detect the change. Despite large differences in the detectability of changes across conditions, those observers who missed the change did not vary in their ability to recognize the changing object.

scholarly journals Does Implicit Self-Reference Effect Occur by the Instantaneous Own-Name?

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Yaoi ◽  
Mariko Osaka ◽  
Naoyuki Osaka
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Performance ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Order Conditions ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Own Name ◽  
Self Reference

Self-reference effect (SRE) is defined as better recall or recognition performance when the materials that are memorized refer to the self. The SRE paradigm usually requires participants to explicitly refer items to themselves, but some researchers have found that the SRE also can occur for implicitly self-referenced items. Few studies though have investigated the effect of self-related stimuli without awareness. In this study, we presented self-related (participants’ names) or other (other’s names or nouns) stimuli for a very short time between masks and then explicitly presented subsequent trait adjectives to participants. Recognition performance showed no significant differences between the own-name and the other two conditions in Experiment 1 that had random-order conditions. On the other hand, the result of Experiment 2 that had block-order conditions and greater prime stimuli suggests that SRE can occur as a result of the instantaneous stimulus: Subjects who showed better memory performance also had relatively high recognition of the trait adjectives that they viewed after their instantaneously presented own-name. This effect would show that self-representation can be activated by self-related stimuli without awareness and that subsequent items are unconsciously referenced to that self-representation.

Audiovisual Semantic Congruency During Encoding Enhances Memory Performance

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenni Heikkilä ◽  
Kimmo Alho ◽  
Heidi Hyvönen ◽  
Kaisa Tiippana
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Sensory Modality ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Neutral Stimulus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Incongruent Stimulus ◽  
Noise Stimulus ◽  
Semantic Congruency ◽  
Recognition Memory Performance

Studies of memory and learning have usually focused on a single sensory modality, although human perception is multisensory in nature. In the present study, we investigated the effects of audiovisual encoding on later unisensory recognition memory performance. The participants were to memorize auditory or visual stimuli (sounds, pictures, spoken words, or written words), each of which co-occurred with either a semantically congruent stimulus, incongruent stimulus, or a neutral (non-semantic noise) stimulus in the other modality during encoding. Subsequent memory performance was overall better when the stimulus to be memorized was initially accompanied by a semantically congruent stimulus in the other modality than when it was accompanied by a neutral stimulus. These results suggest that semantically congruent multisensory experiences enhance encoding of both nonverbal and verbal materials, resulting in an improvement in their later recognition memory.

scholarly journals Distinctiveness benefits novelty (and not familiarity), but only up to a limit: the prior knowledge perspective

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niv Reggev ◽  
Reut Sharoni ◽  
Anat Maril
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Potential Explanation ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Knowledge Perspective ◽  
Superior Memory

Accepted for publication in Cognitive Science; this is currently the pre-peer reviewed manuscript.Novelty is a pivotal player in cognition, and its contribution to superior memory performance is a widely accepted convention. On the other hand, mnemonic advantages for familiar information are also well documented. Here we examine the role of experimental distinctiveness as a potential explanation for these apparently conflicting findings. Across two experiments we demonstrate that conceptual novelty, an unfamiliar combination of familiar constituents, is sensitive to its experimental proportions: improved memory for novelty was observed when novel stimuli were relatively rare. Notably, no mnemonic advantage for conceptual novelty over familiarity was observed even when novel stimuli were extremely rare. Finally, memory levels for familiar items were similar across all experimental proportions, suggesting that encoding of familiar items is insensitive to distinctiveness manipulations. Together, these results imply that novelty does not always result in a mnemonic advantage. Instead, the effects of different aspects of novelty and familiarity should be explored orthogonally.

scholarly journals Change detection and recognition memory for objects

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Wood ◽  
Daniel Simons
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Change Detection ◽  
Detection And Recognition

A study of cometary eruptions through OH radio-lines

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 249-254
Author(s):  
A.M. Silva ◽  
R.D. Miró
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
The Other ◽  
Initial Mass ◽  
Radio Lines ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Sudden Rise

AbstractWe have developed a model for theH2OandOHevolution in a comet outburst, assuming that together with the gas, a distribution of icy grains is ejected. With an initial mass of icy grains of 108kg released, theH2OandOHproductions are increased up to a factor two, and the growth curves change drastically in the first two days. The model is applied to eruptions detected in theOHradio monitorings and fits well with the slow variations in the flux. On the other hand, several events of short duration appear, consisting of a sudden rise ofOHflux, followed by a sudden decay on the second day. These apparent short bursts are frequently found as precursors of a more durable eruption. We suggest that both of them are part of a unique eruption, and that the sudden decay is due to collisions that de-excite theOHmaser, when it reaches the Cometopause region located at 1.35 × 105kmfrom the nucleus.

Closing the GAP—A 5Å Scanning Microscope

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 6-7
Author(s):  
A. V. Crewe
Keyword(s):  
Normal Form ◽  
The Other ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Conventional Microscope ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Closing The Gap ◽  
Thermal Sources ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Transmission Microscope

We have become accustomed to differentiating between the scanning microscope and the conventional transmission microscope according to the resolving power which the two instruments offer. The conventional microscope is capable of a point resolution of a few angstroms and line resolutions of periodic objects of about 1Å. On the other hand, the scanning microscope, in its normal form, is not ordinarily capable of a point resolution better than 100Å. Upon examining reasons for the 100Å limitation, it becomes clear that this is based more on tradition than reason, and in particular, it is a condition imposed upon the microscope by adherence to thermal sources of electrons.

Life Beyond 1MeV

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
K.H. Westmacott
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Past Experience ◽  
The Other ◽  
Good Case ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The U.S

Life beyond 1MeV – like life after 40 – is not too different unless one takes advantage of past experience and is receptive to new opportunities. At first glance, the returns on performing electron microscopy at voltages greater than 1MeV diminish rather rapidly as the curves which describe the well-known advantages of HVEM often tend towards saturation. However, in a country with a significant HVEM capability, a good case can be made for investing in instruments with a range of maximum accelerating voltages. In this regard, the 1.5MeV KRATOS HVEM being installed in Berkeley will complement the other 650KeV, 1MeV, and 1.2MeV instruments currently operating in the U.S. One other consideration suggests that 1.5MeV is an optimum voltage machine – Its additional advantages may be purchased for not much more than a 1MeV instrument. On the other hand, the 3MeV HVEM's which seem to be operated at 2MeV maximum, are much more expensive.

Can the Academic Self-Concept be Positive and Realistic?

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reimer Kornmann
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
High Ability ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Other Hand

Summary: My comment is basically restricted to the situation in which less-able students find themselves and refers only to literature in German. From this point of view I am basically able to confirm Marsh's results. It must, however, be said that with less-able pupils the opposite effect can be found: Levels of self-esteem in these pupils are raised, at least temporarily, by separate instruction, academic performance however drops; combined instruction, on the other hand, leads to improved academic performance, while levels of self-esteem drop. Apparently, the positive self-image of less-able pupils who receive separate instruction does not bring about the potential enhancement of academic performance one might expect from high-ability pupils receiving separate instruction. To resolve the dilemma, it is proposed that individual progress in learning be accentuated, and that comparisons with others be dispensed with. This fosters a self-image that can in equal measure be realistic and optimistic.

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