THE 1987 NEWFOUNDLAND OIL SPILL EXPERIMENT1

1989 ◽  
Vol 1989 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-103
Author(s):  
E. J. Tennyson ◽  
H. Whittaker
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Open Ocean ◽  
Chemical Additive ◽  
Recovery Effort ◽  
Spilled Oil

ABSTRACT A joint Canadian-United States exercise involving the intentional spilling of approximately 18,000 gallons of specially treated crude oil was conducted off Newfoundland in September 1987 to evaluate the containment and recovery capabilities of three state-of-the-art booms and skimmers. As part of the exercise, data were collected on a specially instrumented oil spill boom in an attempt to verify a proposed performance test procedure for open-ocean oil spill booms. A viscoelastic chemical additive was used, after the equipment evaluation was completed, to enhance recovery operations. Additional observations were made on the persistence of spilled oil slicks in advanced sea states. The containment and recovery effort was successful, despite winds and sea states commonly thought to be beyond existing capabilities.

scholarly journals OIL SPILL FORECASTING—WHERE IS IT GOING?1

1979 ◽  
Vol 1979 (1) ◽  
pp. 649-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan M. Lissauer ◽  
Donald L. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Incomplete Knowledge ◽  
Physical Mechanisms ◽  
Horizontal Transport ◽  
Vertical Dispersion ◽  
Forecasting System ◽  
Spilled Oil

ABSTRACT The methods used to forecast the movement of spilled oil have not changed significantly since the Argo Merchant spill. Little has been done to improve the deficiencies brought to light during this incident. Some of the deficiencies in the state-of-the-art are examined here, particularly those related to our incomplete knowledge of the physical mechanisms involved in oil spill movement. A basic framework for the development of an improved forecasting system is presented. It is based on the integration of a horizontal transport model, an evaporation model, and a vertical dispersion model.

Impact Prediction Using Oil-Spill Simulation in Yantai West Harbor Dock

2014 ◽  
Vol 700 ◽  
pp. 592-596
Author(s):  
Hao Dong Gao ◽  
Peng Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Open Ocean ◽  
Impact Prediction ◽  
Oil Slick ◽  
South West ◽  
Westerly Winds ◽  
Spilled Oil

Based on the oil slick pervasion theory and hydrodynamic model, a risk prediction model was established for the oil-spill simulation in open-ocean coastal port. The model was calibrated with the typical hydrological and meteorological data of the study area, to predict the environmental impact on Yantai west harbor dock. The results indicate that on account of the wind from south-south-west and south-west, the spilled oil will reach the shore in 2 hours and 4 hours respectively, the spreading range can be controlled in Zhifu Bay dock basin. But under the condition of westerly winds, oil slick will drift out of the dock basin in 2 hours, affecting two ecological fragile areas in 6 hours and 12 hours successively, which means a significant risk for open-ocean area.

Comparison and Assessment of Waste Generated during Oil Spills

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (1) ◽  
pp. 1647-1658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Wadsworth
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Deepwater Horizon ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Contingency Planning ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
Spilled Oil

ABSTRACT Experience has shown that the most time-consuming and costly component of a response to an oil spill is often the treatment or disposal of collected waste. The amount of waste generated is dependent on many factors, some which may be controlled more readily during the response. This paper analyses a number of important incidents as a result of which spilled oil affected shoreline resources with significant resultant clean-up effort. Spills of crude oil and of heavy fuel oil carried as cargo in tankers are reviewed to determine the types and volumes of waste generated and the clean-up methods undertaken to generate that waste. A comparison of the incidents will allow the most effective response methods to be determined, to show the techniques that generated the least volumes of waste. Data from DEEPWATER HORIZON is included to allow a discussion of the associated response. To achieve a practical comparison, the amount of waste is balanced against the amount of oil spilled to determine the oil:waste ratio. This ratio has evolved over many years into a long held guideline, used often for the purpose of contingency planning, that the amount of waste generated during an incident is approximately ten times the amount of oil spilled. This paper shows that with appropriate response actions, the guideline can be upheld.

REVIEW OF DISPERSANT USE IN U.S. GULF OF MEXICO WATERS SINCE THE OIL POLLUTION ACT OF 1990

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 (1) ◽  
pp. 439-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlie Henry
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Contingency Planning ◽  
Monitoring Plan ◽  
Response Team ◽  
Spilled Oil

ABSTRACT Since the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA 90), dispersants have been used as part of a combined response to mitigate seven oil spills in United States Gulf of Mexico (GOM) waters. Of the dispersant operations reported, four utilized the Regional Response Team VI pre-approval authority to the Federal On-Scene Coordinator (FOSC) that requires a monitoring plan. The successful integration of dispersant pre-authorization along with a fully funded ready response delivery system maintained by industry contributed to the successful use of dispersants to aid in mitigating spilled oil. A key element to gaining the original pre-approval authority was a functional operational monitoring plan. While each response was considered a successful dispersant operation, each incident provided valuable lessons learned that have been integrated into subsequent contingency planning and modifications to existing pre-authorization requirements in the GOM. This paper provides a chronological review of oil spill responses where dispersants were applied in the GOM since OPA 90.

NOAA OFFICE OF RESPONSE AND RESTORATION'S ROLE DURING OIL SPILLS WHERE MARINE MAMMALS ARE INVOLVED

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 (1) ◽  
pp. 991-994
Author(s):  
Troy L. Baker ◽  
Jim Jeansonne ◽  
Charlie Henry ◽  
John Tarpley
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Marine Mammal ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
The United States ◽  
Southeast United States ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Unified Command ◽  
Spilled Oil

ABSTRACT Providing rapid and humane care for distressed or threatened marine mammals is crucial to the ultimate success of such actions. Recently, in the southeast United States, marine mammals were observed in the vicinity of several oil spills. Proper coordination of marine mammal rescue or recovery actions with the Unified Command (UC) is essential for response personnel safety and increased probability of saving the affected animals. In the event of animal mortalities, effective coordination between the marine mammal resource agencies and the UC helps ensure the preservation of causal evidence. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration'S (NOAA'S) Office of Response and Restoration (OR&R), generally through the NOAA Scientific Support Coordinator (SSC), is able to assist the Federal On-Scene Coordinator (FOSC) and UC in addressing the threat of spilled oil on potentially affected marine mammals. Response actions during recent spills included: documenting the animals’ type and location, notification of the marine mammal agencies and teams responsible for their recovery and care, and coordination between the spill response and the marine mammal response. The actions of responders during recent spills involving marine mammals are summarized and relevant issues discussed, including properly characterizing the threat to marine mammals from spilled oil. The recent oil spill responses involving marine mammals in the southeastern U.S. are applicable to future spills throughout the United States and potentially worldwide. These recent incidents underscore the need to fully understand and plan for high profile wildlife issues during oil spill responses.

Workers Safety & Health During Iguassu Oil Spill Response Oil Spill in Iguassu River – Araucaria, Parana, Brazil

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 (1) ◽  
pp. 1115-1123
Author(s):  
Alexandre Glitz
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
Sunday Afternoon ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Rivers And Streams ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
Spilled Oil ◽  
Hydrocarbon Vapor

ABSTRACT On July 16, 2000 a major oil spill occurred at the side of the Araucaria refinery. A total of 4,000 m3 of a light crude oil run down around two kilometers trough Saldanha creek, crossing and contaminating four wetlands. The oil discharged into Barigüi River, a tributary of Iguassu River contaminating 6 kilometers in Barigüi River and 60 in Iguassu River. An oil recovery and cleanup operation was mounted. Almost 3000 workers were hired in haste to clean and recover oil in the impacted wetlands area, as well as in the water streams. The accident happened on a Sunday afternoon, during one of the coldest (for Brazilian standards) winters in past years, with temperatures as low as − 6°C. At the start of the oil recovery work, a very important issue was worker's safety and health. Most of the workers were unskilled people, unemployed until the accident and among them a great number of illiterate persons. The paper describes the issues with regards to safety and health, the actions taken to protect worker's health during manual oil recovery in wetlands, the means used to reduce hydrocarbon vapor exposure and evaluation of worker's exposure to hydrocarbon vapors. The effort was successful, in nine days all the free oil was removed from the rivers. The cleaning of the riverbanks and inundation areas was completed in three months. The creek and wetland areas ascending Barigüi River held around 70 per cent of the spilled oil. In these areas the safety and health concerns where higher. All superficial oil was removed from the rivers and streams.

PLANNING FOR MINIMUM OIL-SPILL RISK: ESTERO BAY DEEPWATER TERMINAL AND PIPELINE

1975 ◽  
Vol 1975 (1) ◽  
pp. 287-291
Author(s):  
Jules F. Mayer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
San Francisco Bay Area ◽  
Single Point ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Equal Consideration

ABSTRACT Estero Bay, California, located midway between San Francisco and Los Angeles, may be the site of the first deepwater terminal in the United States capable of handling tankers larger than 200,000 deadweight tons. The ships would be moored 2.6 miles from shore at a single point mooring (SPM). Crude oil would be transferred to the San Francisco Bay area by a 280-mile pipeline. One of the first questions asked by most permitting organizations is, what is the chance of an oil spill and how would you clean it up. The environmental studies for the project have addressed this question with particular attention to the prevention of spillage and, secondarily, to the cleanup equipment and organization required in the event that spillage should occur. Equal consideration is being given to the operational procedures, including use of owner-trained mooring masters. A plan for manpower organization and the pooling of people during an emergency has been developed.

A REVIEW OF THE STATE-OF-THE-ART OF OIL SPILL FATE/BEHAVIOR MODELS

1983 ◽  
Vol 1983 (1) ◽  
pp. 313-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Huang
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Weathering Processes ◽  
Current State ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Behavior Models ◽  
Fate And Behavior ◽  
Spilled Oil

ABSTRACT The fate and behavior of spilled oil can be affected by nine physical, chemical, and biological processes: advection, spreading, evaporation, dissolution, emulsification, dispersion, auto-oxidation, biodegradation, and sinking/sedimentation. Currently, oil fate predictions and/or the assessment of environmental impact or risk of a spill are based mostly on oil spill models which simulate only the advective processes and some which include also the spreading processes. These models do not account for the weathering or the loss of the spilled oil that may occur immediately or soon after the spill, and thus may lead to unrealistic assessments or inaccurate predictions. Models with varying degrees of sophistication and with different approaches for the various weathering processes are being developed, some of them implemented in composite oil fate/behavior models that are constructed to provide more realistic or accurate predictions. To provide some understanding of the current state-of-the-art of these modeling technologies, this paper presents an overview and discussion of the available models for each of the nine oil fate/behavior governing processes.

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