A REVIEW OF THE STATE-OF-THE-ART OF OIL SPILL FATE/BEHAVIOR MODELS

1983 ◽  
Vol 1983 (1) ◽  
pp. 313-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Huang
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Weathering Processes ◽  
Current State ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Behavior Models ◽  
Fate And Behavior ◽  
Spilled Oil

ABSTRACT The fate and behavior of spilled oil can be affected by nine physical, chemical, and biological processes: advection, spreading, evaporation, dissolution, emulsification, dispersion, auto-oxidation, biodegradation, and sinking/sedimentation. Currently, oil fate predictions and/or the assessment of environmental impact or risk of a spill are based mostly on oil spill models which simulate only the advective processes and some which include also the spreading processes. These models do not account for the weathering or the loss of the spilled oil that may occur immediately or soon after the spill, and thus may lead to unrealistic assessments or inaccurate predictions. Models with varying degrees of sophistication and with different approaches for the various weathering processes are being developed, some of them implemented in composite oil fate/behavior models that are constructed to provide more realistic or accurate predictions. To provide some understanding of the current state-of-the-art of these modeling technologies, this paper presents an overview and discussion of the available models for each of the nine oil fate/behavior governing processes.

scholarly journals In vivo interactome profiling by enzyme‐catalyzed proximity labeling

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangfan Xu ◽  
Xianqun Fan ◽  
Yang Hu
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Catalytic Efficiency ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Current State ◽  
Protein Interactome ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction Networks ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

AbstractEnzyme-catalyzed proximity labeling (PL) combined with mass spectrometry (MS) has emerged as a revolutionary approach to reveal the protein-protein interaction networks, dissect complex biological processes, and characterize the subcellular proteome in a more physiological setting than before. The enzymatic tags are being upgraded to improve temporal and spatial resolution and obtain faster catalytic dynamics and higher catalytic efficiency. In vivo application of PL integrated with other state of the art techniques has recently been adapted in live animals and plants, allowing questions to be addressed that were previously inaccessible. It is timely to summarize the current state of PL-dependent interactome studies and their potential applications. We will focus on in vivo uses of newer versions of PL and highlight critical considerations for successful in vivo PL experiments that will provide novel insights into the protein interactome in the context of human diseases.

scholarly journals OIL SPILL FORECASTING—WHERE IS IT GOING?1

1979 ◽  
Vol 1979 (1) ◽  
pp. 649-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan M. Lissauer ◽  
Donald L. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Incomplete Knowledge ◽  
Physical Mechanisms ◽  
Horizontal Transport ◽  
Vertical Dispersion ◽  
Forecasting System ◽  
Spilled Oil

ABSTRACT The methods used to forecast the movement of spilled oil have not changed significantly since the Argo Merchant spill. Little has been done to improve the deficiencies brought to light during this incident. Some of the deficiencies in the state-of-the-art are examined here, particularly those related to our incomplete knowledge of the physical mechanisms involved in oil spill movement. A basic framework for the development of an improved forecasting system is presented. It is based on the integration of a horizontal transport model, an evaporation model, and a vertical dispersion model.

scholarly journals Deepwater Horizon oil spill impacts on Alabama beaches

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 3639-3649 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Hayworth ◽  
T. P. Clement ◽  
J. F. Valentine
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Deepwater Horizon ◽  
Sandy Beaches ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Ecological State ◽  
Current State ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Long Term Consequences

Abstract. From mid June 2010 to early August 2010, the white sandy beaches along Alabama's Gulf coast were inundated with crude oil discharged from the Deepwater Horizon well. The long-term consequences of this environmental catastrophe are still unfolding. Although BP has attempted to clean up some of these beaches, there still exist many unanswered questions regarding the physical, chemical, and ecological state of the oil contaminated beach system. In this paper, we present our understanding of what is known and known to be unknown with regard to the current state of Alabama's beaches in the aftermath of the Deepwater Horizon disaster. Motivated by our observations of the evolving distribution of oil in Alabama's beaches and BP's clean-up activities, we offer our thoughts on the lessons learned from this oil spill disaster.

THE 1987 NEWFOUNDLAND OIL SPILL EXPERIMENT1

1989 ◽  
Vol 1989 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-103
Author(s):  
E. J. Tennyson ◽  
H. Whittaker
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Open Ocean ◽  
Chemical Additive ◽  
Recovery Effort ◽  
Spilled Oil

ABSTRACT A joint Canadian-United States exercise involving the intentional spilling of approximately 18,000 gallons of specially treated crude oil was conducted off Newfoundland in September 1987 to evaluate the containment and recovery capabilities of three state-of-the-art booms and skimmers. As part of the exercise, data were collected on a specially instrumented oil spill boom in an attempt to verify a proposed performance test procedure for open-ocean oil spill booms. A viscoelastic chemical additive was used, after the equipment evaluation was completed, to enhance recovery operations. Additional observations were made on the persistence of spilled oil slicks in advanced sea states. The containment and recovery effort was successful, despite winds and sea states commonly thought to be beyond existing capabilities.

Modelling the behaviour of oil spills in natural waters

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. K. Luk ◽  
H. F. Kuan
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Weathering Processes ◽  
Transport And Mixing ◽  
Spilled Oil ◽  
Initial Results ◽  
Petroleum Oil

This paper is a state-of-the-art review of the formulations for the different processes responsible for the transport and mixing of petroleum oil spilled in natural waters. Processes accounting for the transfer and loss of the surface oil, such as initial spreading, evaporation, dissolution, emulsification, dispersion, photo-oxidation, and sedimentation, are included. Based on the findings, a dynamic mathematical model describing the fate of spilled oil was developed. To reflect field observations, the surface oil composition in the model is allowed to vary with time as a result of weathering. Initial results for model testing are presented. Key words: oil spill, mathematical model, fate model, weathering processes.

scholarly journals Tensile Testing of Soils: History, Equipment and Methodologies

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-601
Author(s):  
Ausamah Al Houri ◽  
Ahed Habib ◽  
Ahmed Elzokra ◽  
Maan Habib
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Retaining Walls ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Embankment Dams ◽  
Current State ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Indirect Tensile ◽  
And Behavior

Tensile strength of soil is indeed one of the important parameters to many civil engineering applications. It is related to wide range of cracks specially in places such as slops, embankment dams, retaining walls or landfills. Despite of the fact that tensile strength is usually presumed to be zero or negligible, its effect on the erosion and cracks development in soil is significant. Thus, to study the tensile strength and behavior of soil several techniques and devices were introduced. These testing methods are classified into direct and indirect ways depending on the loading conditions. The direct techniques including c-shaped mold and 8-shaped mold are in general complicated tests and require high accuracy as they are based on applying a uniaxial tension load directly to the specimen. On the other hand, the indirect tensile tests such as the Brazilian, flexure beam, double punch and hollow cylinder tests provide easy ways to assess the tensile strength of soil under controlled conditions. Although there are many studies in this topic the current state of the art lack of a detailed article that reviews these methodologies. Therefore, this paper is intended to summarize and compare available tests for investigating the tensile behavior of soils.

Fate and behavior of Sanchi oil spill transported by the Kuroshio during January–February 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. 110917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingqing Pan ◽  
Han Yu ◽  
Per S. Daling ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Mark Reed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Fate And Behavior ◽  
The Kuroshio

A DISCUSSION OF THE FUTURE OIL SPILL PROBLEM IN THE ARCTIC

1971 ◽  
Vol 1971 (1) ◽  
pp. 479-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L. Glaeser
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Oil Spillage ◽  
Equipment Failures ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Fate And Behavior

ABSTRACT Future oil production in Arctic regions will present the opportunity for oil pollution as a result of human error and equipment failures. In order to attain an insight into what may be expected, an assessment of the magnitude of future oil spillage is presented. In addition, factors affecting the fate and behavior of spilled oil are discussed based on the results of the U.S. Coast Guard's Arctic Oil Spill Test Program.

scholarly journals An Overview of Biomolecular Event Extraction from Scientific Documents

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge A. Vanegas ◽  
Sérgio Matos ◽  
Fabio González ◽  
José L. Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Biomedical Literature ◽  
Event Extraction ◽  
Automatic Extraction ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Scientific Texts ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Current State

This paper presents a review of state-of-the-art approaches to automatic extraction of biomolecular events from scientific texts. Events involving biomolecules such as genes, transcription factors, or enzymes, for example, have a central role in biological processes and functions and provide valuable information for describing physiological and pathogenesis mechanisms. Event extraction from biomedical literature has a broad range of applications, including support for information retrieval, knowledge summarization, and information extraction and discovery. However, automatic event extraction is a challenging task due to the ambiguity and diversity of natural language and higher-level linguistic phenomena, such as speculations and negations, which occur in biological texts and can lead to misunderstanding or incorrect interpretation. Many strategies have been proposed in the last decade, originating from different research areas such as natural language processing, machine learning, and statistics. This review summarizes the most representative approaches in biomolecular event extraction and presents an analysis of the current state of the art and of commonly used methods, features, and tools. Finally, current research trends and future perspectives are also discussed.

scholarly journals Coast Guard Research and Development for the 1990s1

1991 ◽  
Vol 1991 (1) ◽  
pp. 661-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald S. Jensen ◽  
Peter A. Tebeau
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Technology Assessment ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Federal Agencies ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Exxon Valdez ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Oil Spill Response

ABSTRACT Over the past 20 years, the U. S. Coast Guard pursued an extensive R&D effort in oil spill response technology, producing a number of systems that have defined the current state of the art. In the mid-1980s, the R&D effort was scaled back due to declining national emphasis, and to its reaching a point of diminishing returns. Following the Exxon Valdez and several other catastrophic spills, the Coast Guard began reexamining the mission needs and technology to formulate a revitalized R&D effort for the 1990s. Workshops were held within the Coast Guard and with other federal agencies and industry, to identify spill response needs and R&D efforts that would support those needs. Several technology assessment efforts are currently underway. Based on these workshops and technology assessments, a five-year R&D program has been developed. The elements of this program are described in detail, including plans for cooperative efforts with other agencies, other countries, and industry.

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