Baseline Studies and Risk Analyses in the Baltic Sea

1991 ◽  
Vol 1991 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
Klavs Bender ◽  
Preben Østfeldt ◽  
Hanne Bach
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Total Hydrocarbon ◽  
Hydrocarbon Content ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Total Hydrocarbon Content

ABSTRACT In 1986 an oil and gas concession in the Baltic Sea was granted by the Danish Ministry of Energy to a group of oil companies, with Norsk Hydro as operator. A paper describing the goals achieved midway through the program was presented at the 1989 Oil Spill Conference in San Antonio, Texas. This paper presents the final results of the program. The chemical baseline study has shown that the only parameter that exhibits a marked variation is the total hydrocarbon content, where values are seven to eight times higher in the 1989 samples than in the 1987 and 1988 samples. It is suspected that the reason is seasonal variation, since the 1989 samples were collected in June, while the 1987 and 1988 samples were collected in September. Even though the total hydrocarbon content varies significantly between some of the sample suites, only biomarkers related to recent organic material or immature petroleum source rocks are present in the samples. Petrogenic hydrocarbons related to spilled crude oil or exploration activities were not found in the area. The spreading and weathering calculations revealed the zones along the coast where an oil spill was most likely to occur. The transport time for an oil spill to reach the coast was also calculated by the model. In combination with mapping of sensitive resources, the results from the model test runs were used in risk assessments. The information gained in this study was used in the oil spill contingency plan.

OIL SPILL CONTINGENCY PLANNING IN THE BALTIC SEA

1989 ◽  
Vol 1989 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-230
Author(s):  
Klavs Bender ◽  
Preben Østfeldt ◽  
Poul Kronborg
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Contingency Planning ◽  
Status Report ◽  
Base System ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Advanced Computer

ABSTRACT In 1986 an oil and gas concession in the Baltic Sea was granted by the Danish Ministry of Energy to a group of oil companies with Norsk Hydro as operator. In this connection, the company initiated a three-year research project in the area, covering the following subjects:The use and development of analytical methods for biomarkers, prior to any oil spill, to identify oil in marine sedimentsBaseline evaluation at 10 sediment stations within the concession area of certain defined heavy metals and hydrocarbonsSimulation of drift, spreading, and fate of oil slicks using advanced computer models calibrated for the Baltic Sea areaCoastal vulnerability mapping of resources and development of a computerized data base system for this information. This paper is a status report on the research, describing the goals achieved midway through the program.

scholarly journals Oil spill modelling methods: application to the south–eastern part of the Baltic Sea

Baltica ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (special) ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Kileso ◽  
Boris Chubarenko ◽  
Petras Zemlys ◽  
Igor Kuzmenko
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
The State ◽  
The South ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Modelling Methods ◽  
State Of Art

The state-of-art in oil spill modelling methods is summarized, focusing on development since 2000. Some recommendations for possible application of these methods to the south–eastern part of the Baltic Sea are prepared. Particular attention is paid on the methods of parameterization of volume of oil spill and calculation of advection of the oil spills. Consideration is also given to methods used in oil weathering models.

OFFSHORE OIL PRODUCTION IN THE BALTIC SEA: A COASTAL SENSITIVITY STUDY

1985 ◽  
Vol 1985 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-104
Author(s):  
Caroline L. F. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Sensitivity Study ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Production Operation ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Offshore Oil Production ◽  
Exploration And Production ◽  
German Waters ◽  
The Baltic

ABSTRACT The Schwedeneck-See oilfield is the first offshore exploration and production operation to be developed in German waters. Due to the close proximity to the shore of the two fixed and unmanned production platforms, there is a strong emphasis on protective and preventive measures against pollution damage to the heavily used beaches and nearshore waters. This paper reviews the important features of a sensitivity study and shoreline mapping project conducted as part of the contingency arrangements for coastal protection along 62 km of the Baltic Sea. “Sensitive areas” were identified according to coastal use, and areas of risk highlighted on the basis of oil spill trajectories. The main shore types were classified on a scale from 1 to 10 in terms of potential vulnerability to oil spill damage and anticipated difficulties for access and cleanup operations.

COMPARING SWEDISH OIL SPILL PREPAREDNESS TO REGIONAL COUNTRIES USING THE RETOS™ EVALUATION TOOL

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-36
Author(s):  
Jonas Pålsson ◽  
Lawrence Hildebrand ◽  
Olof Lindén
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Full Range ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Response Planning ◽  
The Baltic

ABSTRACT 2017-253 Few standardised frameworks are designed to assess the full range of oil spill preparedness activities, from plan development, implementation, equipment, training, exercises, and response sustainability. This paper analyses the international practice of oil spill preparedness measures and compares them to Swedish practice. Friedman’s test and Dunn’s post-test have been used to compare the RETOS™ evaluation scores of Finland, Russia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Germany, Denmark, and Norway to Sweden. The United States is examined as an external reference. The RETOS™ programme is an Excel tool developed for the International Oil Spill Conference 2008. It is a guide for industry and governments to assess their level of oil spill response, planning, and preparedness management in relation to established criteria, and is intended for international best management practices. Swedish oil spill preparedness is shown to be comparable to the Baltic Sea regional practice. The Swedish RETOS™ evaluation score is 69%, compared to the average 73.1% of the examined countries. A statistical difference exists between Sweden and both Norway and the United States. Swedish oil spill preparedness is comparable to the Baltic Sea Region countries despite: not having a National Contingency Plan, not using the Tiered Preparedness and Response concept, nor having adopted an Incident Management System. This suggests that these concepts are not essential for a functioning preparedness regime, although Sweden instead has a system serving the same function. However, it also questions what effect implementing these concepts would have on Swedish preparedness.

scholarly journals Bioremediation Potential of Pseudomonas aeruginosa KX828570 on Crude Oil Spill Polluted Marshland and Terrestrial Soil Treated with Oil Spill Dispersant

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Renner Renner Nrior ◽  
Augusta Ogechi Inweregbu
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Total Hydrocarbon ◽  
Hydrocarbon Content ◽  
Rivers State ◽  
Total Hydrocarbon Content

Aim: To investigate bioremediation potentiality of Pseudomonas aeruginosa KX828570 on crude oil Polluted Marshland and Terrestrial Soil treated with oil spill dispersant Study Design: The study employs experimental design, statistical analysis of data and interpretation. Place and Duration of the Study: Soil samples were collected from K-Dere, Gokana L.G.A, and were transported to the Microbiology Laboratory of Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria for analyses while Oil spill dispersant (OSD/LT and OSD/Seacare) were from Barker and Hughes Nig Ltd (formally mil park Nigeria limited), all in Rivers state, Nigeria. This investigation study lasted for 28 days and sampling was done every 7day period. Methodology: Eight experimental set up were carried out using Pseudomonas aeruginosa KX828570 as the bio-augmenting organism in terrestrial and marshland soil contaminated with two Oil spill dispersant (OSD/LT and OSD/Seacare) separately. Controls for the two soil types were made without organism and treatment. Its bioremediation potential on the pollutants and two types of soil were monitored for 28 days. The setup was tilled twice a week to provide moisture and more oxygen for the organisms to thrive. Analysis of pH, Temperature, Moisture content, Total Hydrocarbon Content, Total Heterotrophic Bacteria, Dispersant Utilizing Bacteria was carried out at weekly intervals. Results: The pH of both soils ranged from 5.75 to 7.37; temperature from 270C to 340C; moisture content 03 to 0.6 across the soil samples. Total Hydrocarbon Content (THC) showed a steady decline from day 1 – 28. The percentage (%) bioremediation rates of polluted soils were as follows: Terrestrial soil+OSD/Seacare+Pseudomonas aeruginosa KX828570 69.4% > Terrestrial soil+OSD/LT+ Pseudomonas aeruginosa KX828570 65.9% > Marshland soil+OSD/Seacare+ Pseudomonas aeruginosa KX828570 52.6% > Marshland soil+OSD/Seacare+ Pseudomonas aeruginosa KX828570 47.6%. Dispersant utilizing bacterial count in marshland and terrestrial soil ranged from 6.013 to 7.338 log10Cfu/g and 6.045 to 7.301 log10Cfu/g respectively from Day 1 to 28. Conclusion:  From the investigation, it revealed that Oil spill dispersants are more degradable in terrestrial soil than marshland soil. OSD/Seacare is more biodegradable than OSD/LT in both terrestrial and marshland soil augmented with Pseudomonas aeruginosa KX828570. Thus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa KX828570 have been found to be a potential bioremediation agent in oil spill dispersant polluted marshland and terrestrial soil.

scholarly journals Solutions for effective oil spill management in the south–eastern part of the Baltic Sea

Baltica ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (special) ◽  
pp. 3-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergej Suzdalev ◽  
Saulius Gulbinskas ◽  
Vadim Sivkov ◽  
Tatiana Bukanova
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
The South ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Oil Export ◽  
The Baltic

The Baltic Sea is facing exceptionally intensive marine traffic. Oil products in addition to other cargo types are being transported in this marine area. Therefore, the risk of potential oil pollution is very high. Although, the Baltic Sea has not experienced catastrophic oil spills, there have been spills causing serious environmental damage in the region. Construction of oil terminals and planned growth of Russian oil export through Baltic Sea ports along with the operation of large oil enterprises and oil drilling platforms make maritime safety a priority task for the Baltic Sea region. The publications collected in present Baltica Journal Special Issue set sights on the improvement of oil spill management in the South–Eastern Baltic Sea as well as stimulate the appearance of new transnational response agreements in the region.

scholarly journals Speed structure of the mantle of the border of the Eastern European and West European platforms

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 181-192
Author(s):  
T. A. Tsvetkova ◽  
I. V. Bugaenko ◽  
L. N. Zaets
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Transition Zone ◽  
Upper Mantle ◽  
High Velocity ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
East European ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
West European

This work is devoted to studying the velocity structure of the mantle of the border area of the East European and West European platforms in the crust separated by the Teiserre-Tornquist zone. The mantle under the territory of Poland and Western Ukraine is being investigated. The work uses a three-dimensional P-velocity model of the mantle, constructed using the Taylor approximation method developed by V. S. Geyko. The method’s advantages are independent of the initial approximation (reference model) and the best approximation of nonlinearity. In this area, the exploration depth is 2500 km south of 50 °NL and 1700 km north of 50 °NL. A detailed analysis of horizontal sections of a 3D P-velocity model of the mantle up to a depth of 850 km with a step of 50 km has been carried out. The change in the spatial distribution of the zero seismic velocity boundary is analyzed throughout the depths. This boundary separates the high-velocity upper mantle of the East European Platform and the low-velocity upper mantle of the West European Platform. At the depths of the transition zone of the upper mantle, this boundary separates the low-velocity upper mantle of the East European platform and the high-velocity upper mantle of the West European platform (in this geosphere, a velocity inversion has occurred with respect to the upper mantle). In latitudinal sections, two inclined layers are distinguished. One of them is associated with the upper mantle under the DDV and reaches the mantle under the Carpathians, where it begins to plunge into the high-velocity transition zone of the upper mantle. The second layer is associated with the mantle under the northwestern end of the Baltic syneclise, which extends to the mantle under the Presudet monocline, where it also plunges into the high-velocity transition zone of the upper mantle. In longitudinal sections, inclined layers are distinguished, extending from the mantle under the South Scandinavian megablock of the Baltic Shield to the mantle under the Bohemian massif and the Carpathians, where they plunge into the high-velocity transition zone of the upper mantle. In the study area, three super-deep fluids were identified, characterized by increased stratification of the medium (alternation of higher and lower velocities). The first includes the well-known oil and gas fields of the Central European oil and gas basin (Pomorie and Presudet monocline (Poland)). The second is associated with oil and gas fields of the North Ciscarpathian oil and gas basin (southeastern Poland) and the Carpathian oil and gas basin (Western Ukraine). The extracted super-deep fluid in the mantle of the Baltic Sea corresponds to both the Gdansk Gulf of the Baltic Sea and the Kaliningrad fields (southeast of the Baltic Sea).

ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF OIL VERSUS OIL PLUS DISPERSANT ON THE LITTORAL ECOSYSTEM OF THE BALTIC SEA

1985 ◽  
Vol 1985 (1) ◽  
pp. 485-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Linden ◽  
A. Rosemarin ◽  
A. Lindskog ◽  
C. Hoglund ◽  
S. Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Benthic Fauna ◽  
Zooplankton Abundance ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Normal Numbers ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Blue Mussels ◽  
The Baltic

ABSTRACT The effects of a North Sea oil with or without the addition of dispersant were studied in a model of the littoral ecosystem of the Baltic Sea. Experiments were carried out in six pools with a volume of 8 m3 each, with flowthrough seawater and an ecosystem of the shallow rocky Baltic archipelago. All major fauna and flora were transferred into the pools in normal numbers and proportions. Two of the pools were exposed to oil alone. The amount of oil was equivalent to 20 ppm assuming total mixture. Two other pools were exposed to the same amount of oil and an oil dispersant (Corexit 9550, Exxon), and two pools served as controls. The effects studied were those on abundance of heterotrophic bacteria, periphyton photosynthesis, growth of bladder wrack, phytoplankton growth, zooplankton abundance and diversity, benthic fauna, physiological responses of certain crustaceans and molluscs, and the growth of blue mussels. In addition, the total photosynthesis and respiration of the ecosystem was studied. Concentrations of oil in water and in blue mussels were monitored. The experiments showed that almost all the measured parameters were affected. When comparing the effects between the pools, several of the results indicated a stronger response for oil alone compared to oil and dispersant. This was particularly obvious when monitoring the total production and respiration of the ecosystems. The explanation may be that the ecosystems in the pools exposed to oil and dispersant were exposed less time compared to those in the pools where oil alone was added. The oil and dispersant mixture obviously left the system much faster due to the water exchange compared to the oil without dispersant. In the latter case the oil adhered to surfaces and detritus and thus tended to stay longer in the environment. These results may provide valuable information for decision makers faced with an oil spill in shallow waters and who have an option to use oil spill dispersant.

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