DEVELOPMENT OF AN OIL SKIMMER OPERATED BY CRANE BARGES

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 (1) ◽  
pp. 469-473
Author(s):  
Muneo Yoshie ◽  
Isamu Fujita ◽  
Kenji Takezaki
Keyword(s):  
Field Test ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Recovery Efficiency ◽  
Experiment Data ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Test Tank ◽  
Oil Slick ◽  
Operational Test

ABSTRACT This paper reports about an oil skimming system for crane barges. It was tested with heavy fuel oil and emulsion in a large test tank and its operational test was carried out at SAKAI PORT in Japan. We can estimate performance of the skimmer from experiment data in large test tank, recovering C heavy fuel oil and its emulsion in waves. Estimated oil recovery rate is 5.9tlh and recovery efficiency is 70% when the oil slick thickness is about 2 cm. The recovery rate is equal to, and the recovery efficiency is 2 times higher than the performance of the grab-bucket (capacity 4m3). As a result of the field test, we can propose the oil skimmer as the most immediate oil recovery equipment with a crane barge'S operation.

EVALUATION OF OLEOPHILIC SKIMMER PERFORMANCE IN DIMINISHING OIL SLICK THICKNESSES

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 1366-1381
Author(s):  
Kristi McKinney ◽  
John Caplis ◽  
Dave DeVitis ◽  
Keith Van Dyke
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Recovery Efficiency ◽  
Oil Slick ◽  
Response Planning ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
Oil Thickness

ABSTRACT 2017-086 ASTM F2709-15 “Standard Test Method for Determining a Measured Nameplate Recovery Rate of Stationary Oil Skimmer Systems” has become the standard for testing the performance of stationary skimmers. This standard specifies testing the skimmer in “ideal conditions” in order to measure a skimming system’s maximum performance. These ideal conditions are created by testing the skimmer in calm conditions and allowing the skimmer to recover either in pure oil or in a thick layer of oil on water. When testing the skimmer in oil and water, the skimmer recovers oil in a starting oil thickness of 75mm and continues recovery until the oil thickness reaches 50mm. Performance values obtained from this test include measured nameplate recovery rate (NRR) which is the maximum rate at which the skimmer system can recover and process oil under ideal conditions, and the recovery efficiency (RE) which is the percentage of oil collected to total fluid collected. In actual oil spills it cannot be assumed that a skimmer will encounter enough oil to continuously conduct recovery operations in 50–75mm of oil. As these performance values are becoming a tool used by regulators to verify the capabilities of response equipment listed in oil spill response contingency plans, it is important to understand if and how a skimmer’s performance will vary as oil slick thickness changes. To explore this question, the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (BSEE) and Ohmsett - The National Oil Spill Response Research and Renewable Energy Test Facility, recently conducted independent performance testing of two oleophilic skimming systems to better understand the relationship between oil recovery rate, recovery efficiency, and different oil slick thicknesses. Skimmers were tested in various oil slick thicknesses ranging from 75mm down to 6mm at the Ohmsett facility. Skimmers were tested in a type I refined test oil as defined by the ASTM F631-15 “Standard Guide for Collecting Skimmer Performance Data in Controlled Environments.” Testing results suggest that reduced oil thicknesses do indeed have a significant impact on the measured recovery capabilities of a skimmer. This paper outlines the final testing results, and discusses the potential implications of using ASTM F2709-15 performance values in conjunction with various oil spill response planning standards for mechanical oil recovery equipment.

Oil, Water, Slag Three Phases Separation Technology of Heavy Aging Oil

2014 ◽  
Vol 936 ◽  
pp. 1553-1555
Author(s):  
Meng Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Quality Requirements ◽  
Separation Technology ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Export Quality ◽  
Three Phases

The technology was used for handling heavy aging oil by demulsifier and three phases horizontal scrow centrifuge. Through laboratory and field test, it showed that the water content of the processed aging oil dropped from 50% to 5% below, purity oil recovery rate reached more than 95%, meeting export quality requirements. The technology improved the effective storage capacity of flow station, is of great significance to the safe and steady operation of flow station.

scholarly journals OIL SPILL CONTINGENCY PLANS: INCORPORATING WASTE MANAGEMENT AND FURTHERING ITS PROMOTION1

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 (1) ◽  
pp. 281-283
Author(s):  
Cassandra Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Contingency Plans

ABSTRACT A fundamental problem exists with waste disposal in marine-based oil spill clean up, as up to ten times more waste can be generated than the actual oil spilled. Lessons learnt are rarely recognised until the clean up operation has finished and oiled waste has accumulated. In 1999 the oil tanker Erika broke in two and sank off the coast of Brittany, France. Spilling 20,000 tonnes of Heavy Fuel Oil but creating 250,000 tonnes of oiled waste. The Author, during the Prestige spill has observed first hand how the handling and disposal of oily waste can have major implications for oil clean up operations. It can hinder the entire operation by causing bottlenecks and delays in further recovery of oil, unless suitable arrangements can be made. The promotion of a holistic approach to waste management is fundamental to effective oil recovery operations and should be incorporated into oil spill contingency plans. The paper will highlight the importance of developing a proactive waste management strategy, emphasising good practice and the key issues involved. The paper is supported by existing reports, the author's practical experience and a published document, co-authored, on current waste disposal options for IPIECA's technical document series.

PERFORMANCE TESTS OF FOUR SELECTED OIL SPILL SKIMMERS

1979 ◽  
Vol 1979 (1) ◽  
pp. 493-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sol H. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Recovery Efficiency ◽  
Calm Water ◽  
Light Oil

ABSTRACT From April through October, 1977, a series of oil spill skimmer performance tests were conducted at the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Oil and Hazardous Materials Simulated Environmental Test Tank (OHMSETT), Leonardo, New Jersey. This program was sponsored by EPA, the Coast Guard, Navy, and Department of Energy combined as the OHMSETT Interagency Test Committee (OITC). The test devices selected were the commercially-available Oil Mop, Inc. Dynamic Skimmer, the Cyclonet 050 mounted on a Zodiac Inflatable boat, the Anti-Pollution, Inc. Clowsor Skimmer, and the Bennett Pollution Controls, LTD., Mark 6E Skimmer. A total of 198 test runs were performed during which each device was evaluated for recovery of two test oils through a wide range of simulated environmental conditions of waves and currents. The performance indicating parameters were: (1) throughput efficiency, the percentage of oil encountered which is collected; (2) recovery efficiency, the percent oil in the oil/water mixture collected; and (3) oil recovery rate, the volume of oil collected per unit time. The Oil Mop Dynamic Skimmer produced its highest average throughput efficiency (78 percent) with light oil (9 centistokes—cst) at a tow speed of 200 feet per minute (fpm) in calm water. Highest recovery efficiency (77 percent) was observed with heavy oil (3,000 cst) at 200 fpm in calm water, and maximum recovery rate was established with light oil at a tow speed of 400 fpm. The Cyclonet 050 showed its highest average performance with heavy oil (550 cst) at a tow speed of 150 fpm. Throughput efficiency was 34 percent in calm water, recovery efficiency was 27 percent in the 0.6 by 26.2 ft (height by length) wave and recovery rate was 14 gallons per minute (gpm) in calm water. The Clowsor Skimmer was tested as an advancing and stationary system. Highest average results occurred in the stationary mode with heavy oil (1,900 cst) and recovery efficiency was 91 percent. Maximum recovery rate observed was 95 gpm. The Bennett Mark 6E Skimmer performed best with heavy oil (3,200 cst). Throughput efficiency was 95 percent at a tow speed of 300 fpm, recovery efficiency was 88 percent at 100 fpm, and maximum oil recovery rate occurred at 200 fpm and was measured at 108 gpm. The general trend of performance for all devices tested showed diminishing performance with increased tow speeds and wave conditions.

OHMSETT TESTS OF TRUCK-MOUNTED VACUUM SYSTEMS FOR OIL SPILL RECOVERY1

1983 ◽  
Vol 1983 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-85
Author(s):  
Donald C. Gates ◽  
Kevin M. Corradino ◽  
William R. Senftner
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Recovery Efficiency ◽  
Oil Viscosity ◽  
Test Program ◽  
Control Equipment ◽  
Environmental Test ◽  
Vacuum Systems ◽  
Pollution Control Equipment

ABSTRACT Two recent test programs at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Oil and Hazardous Materials Simulated Environmental Test Tank (OHMSETT) examined two different vacuum systems. The first program, performed in September 1980, tested a vacuum truck fabricated by Coleman Environmental and Pollution Control Equipment Co., Inc. and a Vactor 2045 air conveyor system made by the Peabody Myers Company. The vacuum truck produced an average oil recovery rate of 2.4 cubic meters per hour (10.6 gallons per minute) and an oil recovery efficiency of 18 percent. Results confirmed the prevalent belief that this type of equipment is well suited for use in thick slicks (i.e., above 60 millimeters). The addition of skimmer attachments to the hose end increased recovery efficiency without affecting oil recovery rate. The air conveyor tests resulted in an average oil recovery rate of 4.4 m3/hour (19.4 gpm) and a recovery efficiency of 61 percent. The air conveyor worked well, particularly with thinner slicks. The independent variables incorporated into the first test program included slick thickness, test oil viscosity, blower speed, length of the recovery hose, the height of the suction hose end above the slick, and use of skimmer attachments. The second test program, performed in August 1982, extended the investigations of the initial program, adding a more viscous test oil, debris, and a different skimming attachment for the hose end. Also included were tests to confirm results of the first program. The truck used in the second program was another vacuum truck made by Coleman Environmental and Pollution Control Equipment Co., Inc. The standard vacuum truck yielded an average oil recovery rate of 5.0 m3/hour (22 gpm) with an average oil recovery efficiency of 51 percent. This was over nine different phases, each phase studying the effect of a different combination of variables. Skimming a higher viscosity test oil in the range of 11.2 centipoise (cp) to 318 cp caused an increase in oil recovery rate and recovery efficiency. The addition of a skimming attachment increased recovery efficiency and decreased oil recovery rate. Tests with debris confirmed the necessity of keeping debris away from the hose end.

Recovery of Submerged oil from an Alaska Lake

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 (1) ◽  
pp. 713-718
Author(s):  
Don A. Kane
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Surf Zone ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Lake Bottom ◽  
Responsible Party

ABSTRACT On November 26, 1997, the M/V Kuroshima was anchored near Unalaska, Alaska when extreme weather conditions dislodged it from its anchorage. Winds exceeding 90 miles per hour and waves exceeding 25 feet forced the vessel onto rocks, where its hull was punctured. Approximately 39,000 gallons of heavy fuel oil (IFO 380) were discharged into marine waters, onto adjacent shorelines, into a creek, and into Summer Bay Lake. Shoreline cleanup was implemented immediately following the spill, but was suspended until spring due to harsh weather conditions, safety concerns, and inefficient cleanup operations. Because the oil had a very high viscosity, was stranded high on the shoreline and winter had set in, the oil did not present an immediate environmental or human health threat. It was suspected that some of the discharged oil mixed with sand as it moved through the surf zone and sank when it entered the lake. During the winter, state and federal agencies and the responsible party developed a plan to survey the lake and creek for submerged oil. In early spring, divers conducted visual surveys of the lake bottom along 6.5 miles of transect to locate submerged oil. Transect locations were identified using a Differential Global Positioning System and the bottom was videotaped. A survey approach similar to that used to conduct a shoreline cleanup assessment was employed to characterize the lake bottom and the nature and spatial extent of the submerged oil. An oil recovery plan and cleanup criteria were developed and implemented. This case study describes the approach and technology utilized to survey for submerged oil and presents the survey findings and oil recovery and disposal methods employed. The challenges presented by the remote location, difficult working conditions, and natural resource concerns are also discussed.

scholarly journals OHMSETT TESTS OF THE TOSCON WEIR SKIMMER AND GRAVITY DIFFERENTIAL SEPARATOR1

1985 ◽  
Vol 1985 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald C. Gates ◽  
Kevin M. Corradino
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Technical Committee ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Recovery Efficiency ◽  
Effluent Water ◽  
Oil Slick ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Spill Control

ABSTRACT An evaluation of the effectiveness of the Texas Oil Spill Control, Inc. (TOSCON) weir skimmer and gravity differential separator was conducted at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Oil and Hazardous Materials Simulated Environmental Test Tank (OHMSETT) facility in October 1982. The tests were sponsored by the OHMSETT Interagency Technical Committee (OITC). The TOSCON skimmer and separator are designed and manufactured by Texas Oil Spill Control, Inc., of Conroe, Texas. The skimmer was designed to operate at intake rates up to 227 cubic meters per hour (m3/h) alone and up to 11.4 m3/h when operated with the oil-water separator. Recovery efficiency and oil recovery rate were the criteria used to measure the skimmer's performance with respect to oil slick thickness, propeller speed, waves, and tow speed. Separator performance was judged by its effectiveness in separating an oil and water dispersion with respect to percent water in the oil effluent and oil concentration in the water effluent samples. The independent variables used in testing the separator were flow rate and oil concentration of the influent liquid. The separator achieved a best performance effluent oil sample containing less than 0.02 percent water. Samples taken during normal operating conditions contained an average of 2.2 percent water. The lowest concentration of oil in an effluent water sample was 65 milligrams per liter (mg/L); the average concentration for all samples was 506 mg/L of oil. Overall, the separator performed best when oil concentrations in the influent were above 40 percent. The skimmer was tested in oil slicks from 1 millimeter (mm) to 31 mm thick. Oil recovery rates ranged from 0.5 to 8.6 m3/h; the average was 2.5 m3/h. Recovery efficiency ranged from 8 to 59 percent. Best performance of the skimmer and separator when tested as a system occurred when the skimmer propeller was run at a speed of 620 rpm in a light oil slick of 26 mm. Under these conditions, the separator yielded effluent oil with 0.2 percent water content and effluent water containing 192 mg of oil/L.

Offshore Operations Following the Erika Oil Spill

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 (1) ◽  
pp. 657-659
Author(s):  
Fanch Cabioc'h ◽  
Georges Peigne
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Bad Weather ◽  
The Way ◽  
Offshore Operations

ABSTRACT On December 12, 1999, the Maltese tanker Erika, loaded with 30,000 tons of heavy fuel oil and sailing from Dunkirk (France) to Livorno (Italy), broke up into two parts in bad weather and sank 40 miles off the Brittany coast in the northern part of the Biscay Bay. The very first assessment of the situation revealed that between 5,000 and 7,000 tons of Fuel Oil No. 6 had been released into the sea. French Customs remote-sensing aircraft revealed many black and thick slicks drifting southwards at a speed of 1.2 knots. On December 15, a French oil recovery vessel (ORV) called Ailette arrived on-site equipped with a Transrec 250 skimmer in very rough seas and was followed a few days later by four other ORVs: Alcyon (French) and three other ships belonging to the European fleet, British Shield (United Kingdom), Neuwerk (Germany), and Area (Netherlands). Finally, after 2 weeks at sea, but only a few days during which conditions permitted the recovery operation to proceed, more than 1,100 tons were retrieved by the five ORVs. This paper describes the cleanup operation at sea, and analyses problems and difficulties encountered because of bad weather, the way the slick evolved, the way subsequent floating slicks behaved and the difficulty in detecting them, and the limitations of the equipment available in the event of this major oil spill.

Biosorption of heavy fuel oil from aqueous solution by Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms in natura

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laís A. Nascimento ◽  
Marilda N. Carvalho ◽  
Mohand Benachour ◽  
Valdemir A. Santos ◽  
Leonie A. Sarubbo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil
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