Global Oil Spills and Oiled Wildlife Response Effort: Implications for Oil Spill Contingency Planning

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (1) ◽  
pp. 1524-1544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew David Morgan ◽  
Katherine Shaw-Brown ◽  
Ian Bellingham ◽  
Anna Lewis ◽  
Mitch Pearce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Contingency Planning ◽  
Gas Extraction ◽  
Maritime Transport ◽  
Response Effort ◽  
Maritime Operations ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Over the last century there has been a significant increase in the number and size of oil spills to the marine environment due to the global proliferation of oil and gas extraction as well as the number of tankers and other maritime transport infrastructure associated with increased production. Efforts have traditionally been focussed on containment and deflection of oil rather than responding to wildlife. The present study examines total oiled wildlife effort in response to maritime spills for 286 recorded globally. Between 1910 and 1961 there was an average of 1.23 ± 0.43 incidents per year, spilling an average of 114,062 ± 352,512 tonnes of oil per year. These averages increased to 3.83 ± 2.65 events with 123,277 ± 166,735 tonnes of oil spilt per year from 1962 to 1990, and again, from 1991 to 2012 to 6.50 ± 5.17 events with 164,299 ± 290,655 tonnes of oil spilt per year. Offshore platform and tanker spills have accounted for 37% and 27% of this total, respectively. Of the 104 recorded instances where wildlife interactions occurred (40%), spill volume was not related to the total number of animals caught, oiled or pre-emptively; however, it was related to the number of carcasses collected. A lack of planning for Oiled Wildlife Response (OWR) was identified as a contributing factor exacerbating the impact of a spill on wildlife and for resourcing a response. Inadequacies within operator and government contingency planning, to prepare for and sustain a wildlife response for extended periods, can be overcome by using a mobilisation model that integrates wildlife carer networks, government regulatory agencies and operator resourcing via an independent coordinating organisation consisting of a small group of personnel highly experienced and trained in maritime operations and marine science with access to a network of persons with experience in responding to wildlife and their handling, treatment and rehabilitation.

scholarly journals Assessment of TPHs and PAHs in the Marine Sediment Relating to Oil and Gas Extraction activity on the western coastline of Qatar

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Abdulali Abdulla
Keyword(s):  
Marine Sediment ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Arabian Gulf ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Gas Extraction ◽  
Quality Guidelines ◽  
The Impact

Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) and Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are priority pollutants which are known to be associated with petroleum products. They are released into the marine environment via accidental spillage, exploration and transportation. The present study aims to assess the impact of petroleum and gas extraction activities on the pollution of coastal marine sediment of the western coastline of Qatar. Sixty-six surface sediment samples were collected along the western coastal area. The concentration of organic hydrocarbons (TPHs and PAHs) were determined using GC-FID and GC-MS, respectively. Sediment characteristics including pH, temperature, TOC and particle size were also measured. The results indicated low concentrations of TPH (<0.001-0.246 μg/g dry weight sediment) and PAHs (<0.001-0.044 μg/g dry weight sediment). The concentrations for both organic pollutants were lower compared to the previous studies done within Qatar and in the Arabian Gulf and also indicated below the available permissible limit set by the Ministry of Municipality and Environment of Qatar and other sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) used worldwide (NOAA).

ANALISA PENCEMARAN LAUT OLEH PTT EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION (PTTEP) AUSTRALASIA TERHADAP LAUT TIMOR INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Paulin Yosephin Marini ◽  
Sherlly Monica Bonsapia ◽  
Johni R.V. Korwa
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Australian Government ◽  
Compensation Mechanisms ◽  
Exploration And Production ◽  
Data Collection Technique ◽  
The Impact

<p><em>This study aims to analyze a blowout from an oil and gas leak owned by PTT Exploration and Production (PTTEP) Australasia in the Montara oil field in the Indonesian Timor Sea, and how to resolve disputes between Australia and Indonesia. A qualitative approach was used in this study, whilst the data collection technique was through library research. The theory of state responsibility, the concept of human security, and the concept of international maritime law are used to analyze disputes between Indonesia and Australia. The study found that the Montara oil spill had not only damaged the marine ecosystem but also polluted Indonesian waters. It also found that although the Australian government had formed a special commission to resolve cases and even used dispersant, it had not satisfied all parties. Several points are summarized. First, the Montara oil spill in Australia is a transnational study because the impact has crossed national borders. Secondly, UNCLOS has a weakness in the settlement of the Montara case because the Convention only provides a description related to ‘Responsibility of Each Country’ and does not specifically arrange material compensation mechanisms to countries that cause sea pollution. Third, the Montara oil spill has caused huge losses for Indonesian seaweed farmers, especially 13 districts in NTT. The recommendations are that the Indonesian government along with the Montara Victim Peoples’ Advocacy Team should continue to follow up the case of oil spills from the Montara platform and continue to fight for compensation to the Australian government and the PTTEP as the responsible party.</em></p>

THE IMPORTANCE OF CONTINGENCY MEASURES IN DETERMINING OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF OIL AND GAS DEVELOPMENT

1981 ◽  
Vol 1981 (1) ◽  
pp. 571-575
Author(s):  
Raymond R. Emerson
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Contingency Planning ◽  
Outer Continental Shelf ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Oil And Gas Development ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
The U.S

ABSTRACT Oil spills are one of the major concerns associated with oil and gas development along the outer continental shelf. The U.S. Department of the Interior is presently planning lease sales at the rate of seven per year. Many of these leases are being proposed in areas where the risks associated with oil spills are difficult to assess. The major objective of the decisionmakers in this process is to select a leasing plan from the list of proposed blocks that will offer the maximum production potential within an acceptable level of environmental risk. This objective can be obtained with proper contingency planning which should include site-specific designs. A proposed leasing plan could be limited in its production potential by the habitats more vunerable to a potential oil spill. These areas are identified using a model system developed by the U.S. Geological Survey. In this model, the local meteorology and physical oceanography are coupled to produce trajectories of hypothetical oil spills. These trajectories, along with oil resource estimates, are used to establish overall probabilities of an oil spill contacting specific coastal areas and habitats. Using linear programming techniques, the blocks that can yield the maximum resource recovery within specified limits of environmental risk are identified. Site-specific contingency measures (such as stockpiles of cleanup equipment) concentrated at the more vulnerable habitats will allow the decisionmaker to accept a higher level of environmental risk and significantly increase the number of blocks that are suitable for leasing. A proposed lease sale area for the northeast Gulf of Alaska is used to demonstrate the importance of contingency planning in determining various levels of offshore oil and gas resource development.

CONTAINMENT AND CLEANUP OF A MAJOR OIL WELL BLOWOUT IN TEXAS

1987 ◽  
Vol 1987 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-41
Author(s):  
Christopher L. Quina ◽  
Larry C. Thebeau ◽  
Charles C. Bond ◽  
Patrick Hammack
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Oil Well ◽  
Environmental Restoration ◽  
Initial Release ◽  
Blowout Preventer ◽  
Drilling Muds ◽  
Responsible Party

ABSTRACT In November 1985, an estimated 326,000 barrels (13.04 million gallons) of 42 gravity crude oil, 32,600 barrels (1,304,000 gallons) of salt water and paraffin, and 176 million cubic feet of gas were released into the environment from the blowout of the Ray Richey and Co., Inc. well Ora B. Jones #3. The well site is seven miles southeast of Ranger, Texas, in Eastland County. The well was reported to have blown out because of insufficient weight on the formation, or insufficient application of drilling muds, as the drill stem casing was being withdrawn from the well. Fear of upper elevation formation fracturing necessitated the installation of a more versatile blowout preventer (BOP). For about six days, the well emitted a vertical aerosol of oil and gas that reached heights of 75 feet and resulted in the contamination of a one square mile area surrounding the well site. Horizontal diversion of the oil to an adjacent stock pond and diversion of the gas to constructed flare pits was achieved after the higher capacity BOP was installed. Eleven days elapsed before emergency crews were able to divert flow from the well to on-site storage tanks and flare pits. The responsible party assumed full and immediate responsibility for the incident. Contracted cleanup, emergency and site safety crews were on the site within hours of the initial release. This article addresses the activities of the various regulatory agencies involved with the site, and how they interacted with the responsible party's contracted mitigative crews, for what may be considered a model for future oil spills of this type. Cleanup and environmental restoration methodologies also are addressed.

Changes in institutional design and extraction path

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-494
Author(s):  
Mohammad Kemal ◽  
Ian Lange
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Institutional Design ◽  
Gas Extraction ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Ownership Rights ◽  
East Asia Region ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Oil Company

AbstractThe impact of oil governance on the extraction path of non-renewable resources is theoretically ambiguous. By employing field-level data in the South East Asia region, we utilize a change in the institutional design of oil governance in Indonesia to determine its impact on oil and gas extraction paths. From the empirical results, we infer that the move to create a separate regulatory agency and make the national oil company a purely business entity led to a reduction in the extraction path of oil, the size of which varies for different sizes of resource stock. This finding reiterates the importance of strengthening ownership rights for non-renewable resources to avoid over-extraction and facilitate more sustainable economic outcomes.

scholarly journals Uncovering Norway’s regional disparities with respect to natural riches

REGION ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Sevil Acar ◽  
Burhan Can Karahasan
Keyword(s):  
Regional Development ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Forest Resources ◽  
Gas Extraction ◽  
Income Generation ◽  
Resource Type ◽  
The Impact

This study aims at unveiling regional development differences in Norway with respect to various natural resource-based activities that take place in the NUTS 3 regions. Norway’s natural riches range from agricultural and forest resources to fisheries, mines, petroleum and gas. Considering the possible spatial links for various regional characteristics of the Norwegian economy, this study does not only reveal the wide-ranging distribution of resource-based activities, but also sheds light on divergent income and population patterns in the Norwegian regions. Besides, these patterns are investigated through a number of models that test the impact of employment, investment and value added in natural resource sectors on regional differences. The main findings suggest that mining and quarrying as well as oil and gas extraction activities generate significant advantages for regional income generation whereas each resource type affects the distribution of population in a different way.

scholarly journals Prediction methodology for potential damage from misuse of agricultural lands

2020 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 01060
Author(s):  
Kirill Zhichkin ◽  
Vladimir Nosov ◽  
Lyudmila Zhichkina ◽  
Sergei Tkachev ◽  
Liudmila Voloshchuk
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Damage Development ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Damage Extent ◽  
Potential Damage

The article is devoted to development of prediction methodology for potential damage from misuse of agricultural lands such as accommodation of oil and gas industry facilities, transport, infrastructure complexes, and emergency management. The purpose of the research is to propose a methodology for determination of potential damage to territory from misuse of agricultural lands. In order to do this, the following objectives need to be achieved: - group the sources of damage from agricultural lands misuse based on empirical evidence; - determine and classify the main types of damage and their periods; - develop the methodology and mathematical apparatus for calculation and prediction of damage extent on the “municipal district-region” level; - predict the losses from agricultural lands misuse in accordance with conditions of the Samara region. The proposed methodology allows one to more accurately assess the damage to large territories (district, region, country), which is essential to the work of administrative bodies. For calculation purposes, all cases of agricultural lands misuse are divided into four categories, each of which has its features of damage development. The obtained methodology was tested in the Samara region, where annually from 2.5 to 4.0 thousand ha of agricultural lands are used for other purposes than intended. Note that more than 20% of this number is removed from use for a long period of time (for more than 10 years). Oil spills account for 2.3-4.0% of land misuse. In 2021 the resulting damage could amount to 1.9 billion rubles.

Reduction of Tophole Risks Through Improved Application of Geophysical and Geotechnical Techniques

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy Barwise ◽  
Richard Salisbury ◽  
Gareth Wood ◽  
Micha Van Der Kraan ◽  
Tim Carrington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Site Investigation ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Lost Circulation ◽  
Shallow Water Flows ◽  
Offshore Oil And Gas ◽  
Human Costs ◽  
The Impact

The offshore oil and gas industry spends over $60bn per year on oil and gas wells and of this some $6bn, or around 10% is eaten up by geological and geotechnical problems such as stuck pipe, lost circulation, well bore instability, shallow water flows and other problems. On top of this are the environmental costs of the oil spills that can result from lost well control, and perhaps most importantly the human costs in terms of injuries and loss of life resulting from some of the worst incidents. This paper lists the geohazards within and around a well, the drilling risks implied by these geohazards, and the impact they can have on the planning and drilling of offshore wells. Current practice in geophysical and geotechnical site investigation techniques which, when correctly applied and interpreted, can help to reduce the risks and costs associated with the ‘Top-hole’ section is summarised and discussed (the Top Hole section is defined as the depth to the base of the first pressure containment string). Finally, a systematic approach to assessing and mitigating top-hole geo-risks through a multi-disciplinary geoscience and engineering approach is described. The authors are members of a working group of the Offshore Site Investigation and Geotechnics (OSIG) committee of the Society of Underwater Technology (SUT) who are drafting guidelines on the subject.

LEGAL CONTINGENCY PLANNING FOR OIL SPILLS1

1985 ◽  
Vol 1985 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-152
Author(s):  
Douglas K. Mertzl ◽  
James S. Mattson
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Critical Time ◽  
Tort Law ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Contingency Planning ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Legal Staff

ABSTRACT This paper describes a model for extending contingency planning to the legal aspects of oil spills. The early stages of a spill are a critical time for gathering evidence and taking initial legal steps. The authors examine the need to assign specific documentation tasks to field personnel in advance and to have a team of legal staff, knowledgeable in oil spill, admiralty, and tort law preassigned to deal with spill-related legal matters requiring immediate attention. This approach should be of value to any organization involved in a spill, whether corporate owners or operators, or regulatory agencies. Finally, the authors consider whether being in a defensive or offensive legal posture should affect legal contingency planning.

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