scholarly journals Quality Evaluation of Yam (Dioscorea rotundata) and carrot (Daucus carota L.) Flour Blends for Production of Stiff Dough and Biscuits

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-29
Author(s):  
Nguseer Patience Orafa ◽  
Osaretin Buraimoh Samuel ◽  
Anastasia Angorkuma Daagema
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Vitamin B1 ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
Swelling Capacity ◽  
Yam Flour ◽  
Gelation Concentration ◽  
Foaming Capacity ◽  
Flour Blends

This study evaluates the quality of yam and carrot flour blends for the production of stiff dough and biscuits. Flour samples were prepared from yam tubers and carrot flours .The carrot flour was used to substitute 5, 10, 15, and 20 of the yam flour on the stiff dough. Biscuits were prepared from various blends of wheat flour, carrot flour and yam flours. The proximate composition, functional properties, vitamin, minerals and sensory attribute of the flour blends were carried out using appropriate standard methods for the analysis. The sensory properties of the stiff dough and biscuits were determined. The proximate composition of the flour blends were significantly (P< 0.05) different for the moisture (7.52.-6.89%), ash (2.00-2.36%), protein (4.90-4.55%), fat (1.41-1.25%) and carbohydrate (82.09-77.73%). The water absorption (2.53 – 4.10%) and least gelation concentration( 6.43-12.03%) of the blends increased while the bulk density  (0.65-0.53 g/ml), dispersibility (1.49 -2.50%), swelling capacity( 2.59 -3.83%) and foaming capacity (26.73-6.44 g/ml).The blends were rich in iron( 8.43-19.22 mg/100g), zinc (7.43-18.11 mg/100g), magnesium (94.54-170.49 mg/100g) and phosphorus (30.63-84.01 mg/100g). The blends were rich in pro-vitamin A (5.51-17.42). Vitamin B1 (0.43-0.84) and vitamin C (4.81-17.81 mg/100g). The sensory scores recorded on the flour blends for appearances (7.10- 8.50), texture (7.40 -8.10), taste (7.10 -7.85), aroma (6.70 -7.60) and acceptability (6.35-7.70) decreased with increasing level of carrot flour in the blends. The biscuits containing  75% wheat flour, 20% yam flour and 5% carrot flour was the most preferred.

Proximate composition, pasting and functional properties of composite flour blends from cassava and chia seeds flour

2021 ◽  
pp. 108201322110694
Author(s):  
Ashura Katunzi-Kilewela ◽  
Leonard MP Rweyemamu ◽  
Lilian D Kaale ◽  
Oscar Kibazohi ◽  
Roman M Fortunatus
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Pasting Properties ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Composite Flour ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Swelling Capacity ◽  
Pasting Temperature ◽  
Gelation Concentration ◽  
Flour Blends

The study established the proximate composition, pasting, and functional properties of cassava flour (CF) blended with chia seeds flour (CSF). Composite flour was prepared by blending CF with CSF in the ratios of 95:05, 90:10, 85:15, 80:20, and 75:25 with CF and CSF used as controls, respectively. The effect of blending significantly (p < 0.05) increased protein, fat, fibre, and ash contents as CSF increased. On other hand, moisture and carbohydrate contents decreased significantly. Pasting properties of composite flour blends decreased significantly (p < 0.05) as the incorporation of CSF increased and a noticeable change was observed for composite flour (75:25) except for peak time and pasting temperature. Functional properties of water absorption capacity (WAC) of CSF were significantly different with CF and composite flour blends. Oil absorption capacity (OAC) of CF and CSF were significantly different, while the composite flour blends had varied OAC due to the inclusion of the different amounts of CSF. The swelling capacity (SC) of CF and CSF were not significantly different, but composite flour blends were significantly different from both CSF and CF. The least gelation concentration (LGC) and bulk density (BD) increased significantly as chia seeds increased. Increased concentration of chia CSF in the composite flour blends showed to alter the functional properties. This study recommends composite flour 75:25 for processing semiliquid products like porridge due to reduced pasting properties values that may be associated with increased energy density compared to CF.

scholarly journals Proximate Composition, Functional and Sensory Properties of Bambara Nut (Voandzeia subterranean), Cassava (Manihot esculentus) and Soybean (Glycine max) Flour Blends for “Akpekpa” Production

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bibiana Igbabul ◽  
Doris Adole ◽  
S Sule
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Sensory Properties ◽  
Soy Flour ◽  
Cassava Flour ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gelation Concentration ◽  
Foaming Capacity ◽  
Flour Blends

Bambara nut (Voandzeia substerranean L.), cassava (Manihot esculenta) and soybean (Glycine max) flour blends were used in producing “akpekpa” which is similar to “okpa” wrapped in Thaumatococcus daniellii leaves (Ikya-kon). The blends at different percentages (Sample A = 100% Bambara nut flour, B = 80% Bambara nut flour + 20% cassava flour, C = 80% Bambara nut flour + 20% soyflour and D = 70% Bambara nut flour + 15% cassava flour + 15% s Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Makurdi, Nigeria oyflour) were studied for proximate composition, functional and sensory properties of the akpekpa made from the flours. The result of the proximate composition showed significant difference (P­­­­­­< 0.05) in carbohydrate (62.87 – 67.88), fat (4.04 – 5.75), moisture (8.95 – 10.01) and protein (14.25 – 16.25), while ash (3.49 – 3.50) and fibre (1.40 – 1.45), showed no significant difference between the samples, measured in percentages. The result of functional properties also showed significant difference (P­­­­­­< 0.05) in foaming capacity (11.77 – 23.77ml/g) and water absorption capacity (1.93 – 2.15g/g), while bulk density (0.69 – 0.71g/cm3), oil absorption capacity (2.26 – 2.73g/g) and gelation concentration (4.00% w/v) showed no significant difference between the samples. The result for sensory characteristics also showed significant differences at (P­­­­­­< 0.05) in taste (6.27 – 7.73), flavor (6.20 – 7.80), colour (7.00 – 7.93) and general acceptability (6.47 – 7.80), while there was no significant difference in texture (6.67 – 7.13) between the samples. From the sensory scores, akpekpa produced from 80% Bambara nut, 20% cassava flour and 80% Bambara nut , 20% soy flour were well accepted. The supplementation of bambara nut flour with 20% cassava flour was most acceptable followed by that with 20% soyflour.

scholarly journals Proximate Composition, Sensory Properties and Microbial Quality of Chin-chin Developed from Wheat and African Walnut Flour Blends for Household Food Security

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
N. J. Deedam ◽  
M. A. China ◽  
H. I. Wachukwu
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Sensory Attributes ◽  
Sensory Properties ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Microbial Quality ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Flour Blends

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the proximate composition, sensory properties and microbial quality of chin-chin developed from wheat and African walnut flour blends as a means of achieving household food security. Methodology: African walnut was processed into flour. Chin-chin was prepared from blends of wheat and African walnut flours using 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 50:50 of wheat flour to African walnut flour (AWF), and 100% wheat flour as control. Samples were subjected to sensory evaluation within 30 min of production. Proximate analysis was carried out using standard methods. The samples were also stored for 3 weeks and evaluated at weekly intervals for total bacterial and fungal counts. Results:  composition of the chin-chin revealed a significant (p<0.05) increase in ash (0.42-1.38%), fat (34.39-40.03%), crude protein (5.53-7.95% protein), crude fibre (0.98-1.86%), and energy contents (402.65-414.08kcal) with a decrease in moisture (3.31-4.85%) and carbohydrate (45.59-53.84%) . Sensory analysis of the chin-chin showed that the control chin-chin was more preferred than all other samples. This was followed closely by chin-chin substituted with 10% African walnut flour having mean scores above 6 for all sensory attributes. Total bacterial counts (TBCs) and fungal counts (TFCs) of the chin-chin samples were observed to increase during storage. TBCs and TFCs of chin-chin samples after 3 weeks of storage ranged from 6.00×103-8.50×103cfu/g and 6.80×103-8.00×103cfu/g, respectively. The samples presented adequate microbiological conditions and were within recommended safe limit of microbial guidelines. Conclusion: The findings of the study showed that chin-chin of acceptable sensory attributes and improved nutritional content could be produced with up to 10% African walnut flour (AWF) level. In effect, chin-chin substituted with African walnut flour can be consumed by households thereby improving their nutritional status and eradicating food insecurity and malnutrition which is common among households.

scholarly journals Effect of Gum Arabic Incorporation on the Proximate Composition and Sensory Properties of Biscuits Produced from Flour Blends of Wheat and Water Yam

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
M. A. H. China ◽  
U. C. Oguzor ◽  
A. E. Ujong
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Sensory Analysis ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Gum Arabic ◽  
Sensory Properties ◽  
Composite Flour ◽  
Yam Flour ◽  
Flour Blends ◽  
Water Yam

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence gum Arabic incorporation on the proximate composition and sensory properties of biscuits produced from flour blends of wheat and water yam. Water yam was processed into flour and used in composite with wheat flour for biscuit production. Two formulations A and B were produced from the mixture of wheat and water yam flour in the ratios of 50:50 and 30:70, respectively. The two formulations each were used to produce biscuits with different concentrations of gum Arabic (0%, 0.3% and 0.5%) and 100% wheat flour as control. Biscuit samples were subjected to proximate and sensory analysis using standard methods. Increase in the concentration of gum Arabic resulted to an increase in the moisture content (5.63-6.41% and 5.31-6.01%), crude fibre (1.13-1.95% and 2.22-3.40%) and carbohydrate contents (76.96-78.99% and 73.73-77.75%) for formulations A and B, respectively. A decrease in the ash content (3.11-2.85% and 4.60-2.78%), fat (5.35-2.56% and 5.62-2.51%) and protein content (7.82-7.24% and 8.52-8.05%) was also observed as the concentration of gum Arabic increased for formulations A and B, respectively. Result of the sensory analysis revealed that the control biscuit sample was more preferable for colour, taste, flavor, softness and general acceptability while biscuit samples containing 0.5% gum Arabic was more preferred for crispiness and hardness. The result also showed that the incorporation of gum Arabic led to increased sensorial attributes of wheat/water yam composite biscuits. The control sample and biscuit sample containing 30% water yam flour, 70% wheat flour and 0.5% gum Arabic were significantly similar for crispiness, hardness, softness and overall acceptability suggesting that gum Arabic can be incorporated at 0.5% into wheat and water yam composite flour at 70% and 30%, respectively for the production of acceptable and quality biscuits.

scholarly journals Microbiological, Nutritional, and Sensory Quality of Bread Produced from Wheat and Potato Flour Blends

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Udeme Joshua Josiah Ijah ◽  
Helen Shnada Auta ◽  
Mercy Oluwayemisi Aduloju ◽  
Sesan Abiodun Aransiola
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Irish Potato ◽  
Potato Flour ◽  
Bread Making ◽  
Nutritional Qualities ◽  
Sweet Potato Flour ◽  
Reduced Rate ◽  
Flour Blends

Dehydrated uncooked potato (Irish and sweet) flour was blended by weight with commercial wheat flour at 0 to 10% levels of substitution to make bread. Comparative study of the microbial and nutritional qualities of the bread was undertaken. The total aerobic bacterial counts ranged from 3.0 × 105 cfu/g to 1.09 × 106 cfu/g while the fungal counts ranged from 8.0 × 101 cfu/g to 1.20 × 103 cfu/g of the sample. Coliforms were not detected in the bread. Bacteria isolated were species ofBacillus,Staphylococcus, andMicrococcuswhile fungi isolates were species ofAspergillus,Penicillium, Rhizopus, andMucor. The mean sensory scores (color, aroma, taste, texture, and general acceptability) were evaluated. The color of the bread baked from WF/IPF2(wheat/Irish potato flour, 95 : 5%) blend was preferred to WF (wheat flour, 100%) while WF/SPF1(wheat/sweet potato flour, 100%) and WF/IPF1(wheat/Irish potato flour, 90 : 10%) aroma were preferred to WF. However, the bread baked from WF, WF/IPF2(wheat flour/Irish potato flour, 95 : 5%), and WF/SPF2(wheat/sweet potato flour, 95 : 5%) was more acceptable than other blends. The use of hydrated potato flour in bread making is advantageous due to increased nutritional value, higher bread yield, and reduced rate of staling.

Effect of Waxy Wheat Flour Blends on the Quality of Fresh and Stale Bread

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng QIN ◽  
Chuan-xi MA ◽  
Rong-lin WU ◽  
Zhi-you KONG ◽  
Bo-qiao ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Waxy Wheat ◽  
Flour Blends

scholarly journals Proximate Composition, Physical and Sensory Properties of Cake Prepared from Wheat and Cocoyam Flour Blends

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yetunde E Alozie ◽  
Chiemela E. Chinma
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Sensory Properties ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Functional Characteristics ◽  
Xanthosoma Sagittifolium ◽  
Emulsifying Capacity ◽  
Flour Blends ◽  
Different Levels

The effect of replacing wheat flour with cocoyam (<em>Xanthosoma sagittifolium)</em> flour on the proximate composition, physical, sensory properties of cake were investigated<em>.</em> Baking trials were conducted at different levels of substitution (0, 20, 40, 50, 60, 80 and 100%). Cocoyam flour had higher values (p &lt; 0.05) in all functional characteristics evaluated except for emulsifying capacity. Cake weights and volume increased with increasing cocoyam flour substitution while volume index decreased. Protein and fat contents of cake samples decreased (p&lt; 0.05) with increasing levels of cocoyam flour substitution while ash and fibre contents increased. There was no significant (p &gt; 0.05) difference in crust colour of samples. In terms of textural preference, cake prepared from 100% cocoyam flour was significantly higher than 100% wheat cake. Utilization of wheat-cocoyam flour blends in composite cake preparation will be beneficial to the nutrition of vulnerable groups considering the higher ash and fiber contents of of composite cake, and reduced carbohydrate and fat contents than control.

scholarly journals PRODUCTION AND COMPARATIVE QUALITY EVALUATION OF CHIN-CHIN SNACKS FROM MAIZE, SOYBEAN AND ORANGE FLESHED SWEET POTATO FLOUR BLENDS

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 300-307
Author(s):  
J. Ndife ◽  
K. S. Abasiekong ◽  
B. Nweke ◽  
A. Linus-Chibuezeh ◽  
V. C. Ezeocha
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Vitamin B1 ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Composite Flours ◽  
Sensory Qualities ◽  
Flour Blends ◽  
Orange Fleshed Sweet Potato

Most snacks are prepared from basically cereal flours which are nutritionally inadequate. There is the need to complement the nutrient content of these snacks by varying the food sources. Chin-chin snacks were produced from composite flours of Maize, soybean and OFSP with the following formation; sample A (50%: 25%: 25%), B (25%: 25%: 50%), C (25%: 50%: 25%), D (0%: 50%: 50%) and E (50%: 50%: 0%). Wheat flour (100%) served as the control F. The flour bends were analysed for functional properties while the chin-chin snacks were analysed for their nutrient and sensory qualities. The result of functional properties of the flours showed that bulk density of wheat flour (F) was the highest (0.746 g/ml). OFSP flour enhanced the water absorption capacity of the flour blends. Flour blends with soybean recorded higher values in foam capacity (11.20 - 22.55%). In proximate composition, the moisture was low (3.80 – 4.80%) in the chin-chin. Higher fibre content (2.60 - 4.20%) was obtained in samples containing higher proportion (50%) of OFSP. Samples D (19.38%) and C (18.80%) with higher soybean, recorded higher protein values. The mineral and the vitamin contents of snacks from composite flours were higher than that of the control F. Vitamin B1, B2, B3 and β-carotene contents of the snacks were enhanced by OFSP. The sensory evaluation showed preference for snack F (100% wheat flour) followed by snack A (50% maize, 25% soybean and 25% OFSP). However, improved nutrient dense chin-chin snacks were produced from the composite flours.

scholarly journals The analysis of flour blends as affected by the behaviour of two different quality flours of triticale under different fertilizer treatments

2016 ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
Erika Ács ◽  
Lajos Bóna ◽  
Bernadett Langó ◽  
Péter Pepó ◽  
István Petróczi
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Individual Quality ◽  
Nutritional Properties ◽  
Baking Quality ◽  
Expected Values ◽  
Flour Blends

Triticale is likely used in many countries in human consumption, due to its advantageous agronomical and nutritional properties mostly in blends. The baking quality of blends depends not just on the proportions of the used flours but also on their individual quality what can be influenced by fertilizer treatments. 22 flour blends were prepared with commercial wheat flour and triticale wholemeal flour in proportions from 0% to 100%. The triticale was treated with different amount of fertilizers (N30P30K30, N60P0K0). Changes of wet gluten contents and extensograph parameters of the blends were determined. The quality of blends significantly depends on the fertilizer treatment of triticale beside the proportions of the flours. When the N60P0K0 treated triticale was used in blends, wet gluten and extensibility values were significantly higher, but in case of resistant to extensions (Rmax) the N30P30K30 treated samples gave higher values. The measured values of wet gluten and extensibility were above the expected values (synergism), while in the case of resistance to extension the expected values were higher than the measured values (antagonism).

Effect of Waxy Wheat Flour Blends on the Quality of Chinese Steamed Bread

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 1275-1282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng QIN ◽  
Shun-he CHENG ◽  
Chuan-xi MA
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Waxy Wheat ◽  
Chinese Steamed Bread ◽  
Steamed Bread ◽  
Flour Blends
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