scholarly journals Preparation, Characterization and Biological Efficacy of Eucalyptus Oil Nanoemulsion against the Stored Grain Insects

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
Tahany G. M. Mohammed ◽  
M. E. H. Nasr
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Contact Toxicity ◽  
Fumigant Toxicity ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Spontaneous Emulsification ◽  
Eucalyptus Oil ◽  
Rhizopertha Dominica ◽  
Stored Grain Insects

Nanotechnology has enormous potential for developing alternative pest control strategies and reducing the risk of insecticide molecules. The present study aimed to develop a stable nanoemulsion (NE) of eucalyptus oil (EO) by the spontaneous emulsification method and evaluate its insecticidal and repellent effect against Sitophilus oryzae (L.), Rhizopertha dominica (F.) and Tribolium-castaneum (Herbst.). The prepared nanoemulsion formulation having a small particle size 8.57 nm with polydispersity index (PDI) 0.28. The study of the stability and physicochemical properties showed that the prepared formulation had good physical stability without any change in the macroscopic parameters. In addition, results showed that theinsecticidal activity of the prepared NE was higher than the original EO against the three tested insect speciesand the mortality increased with increasing concentrations and extending of exposure time. The contact toxicity of NE film revealed that, adults of R. dominica was more susceptible to all treatments followed by S. oryzae adults, while adults of T. castaneum was the least susceptible one, however, adults of S. oryzae was more susceptible followed by T. castaneum adults while, adults of                    R. dominica was the least susceptible one according to the fumigant toxicity and repellency. Our results suggested that the prepared formulation may be used in an integrated pest managementprogramfor controlling stored grain insects.

Control of Main Stored-Grain Insects with New Formulations of Entomopathogenic Fungi in Diatomaceous Earth Dusts

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yacoub Ahmad Batta
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Diatomaceous Earth ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
High Loss ◽  
Mortality Percentage ◽  
Stored Grain Insects

The present research is aimed at a formulation of the entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana (Bal.) Vuillemin and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metch.) Sorokin, in two types of diatomaceous earth dusts, fossil shield and Silico-Sec, are then applied against the adults of three species of stored-grain insects: Sitophilus oryzae L., Rhyzopertha dominica Fab. and Tribolium castaneum Herbs. Effect of the treatment was assessed by comparing the mortality percentage of the adults of the three insect species exposed to the formulated fungi with that of the adults exposed to the unformulated fungi or the diatomaceous earth dusts or the undisturbed control. Results obtained from these exposures have indicated that treatment of the adults with the formulated fungi resulted in a significantly higher mean mortality percentage compared to the treatment with the unformulated fungi or the diatomaceous earth dusts or the undisturbed control. A synergistic interaction between the effect of fungal species and the diatomaceous earth dusts was shown. Viability of conidia of both fungal species in diatomaceous earth dusts was assessed by calculating the germination percentage of the conidia over time. Results indicated a small loss of mean germination percentage for formulated conidia of both fungal species versus a high loss of mean germination percentage for the unformulated conidia, thus the diatomaceous earth dusts used in the formulation of both fungi demonstrated a negligible effect on the viability of formulated conidia compared to the unformulated.

Acaricidal and Insecticidal Activities of Essential Oils against a Stored-Food Mite and Stored-Grain Insects

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA-EUN SONG ◽  
JEONG-MOON KIM ◽  
NA-HYUN LEE ◽  
JI-YEON YANG ◽  
HOI-SEON LEE
Keyword(s):  
Filter Paper ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Plant Oils ◽  
Anethum Graveolens ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Contact Bioassay ◽  
Stored Grain Insects ◽  
Insecticidal Activities

ABSTRACT Twenty plant-derived oils were evaluated for their acaricidal and insecticidal activities against Sitotroga cerealella, Sitophilus oryzae, Sitophilus zeamais, and Tyrophagus putrescentiae adults, by using the fumigant and filter paper diffusion methods. Responses varied with bioassay systems, insect or mite species, plant oils, and exposure time. Based on the 50% lethal dose (LD50) values against S. oryzae and S. zeamais in the fumigant bioassay, Anethum graveolens oil (4.12 and 1.12 μg/cm3, respectively) induced the highest mortality, followed by Achillea millefolium (21.92 and 14.91 μg/cm3) and Eucalyptus dives (28.02 and 24.02 μg/cm3) oils, respectively. The most toxic oil based on the 50% lethal concentration values against T. putrescentiae was E. dives (3.13 μg/cm3), followed by Melaleuca leucadendron (3.93 μg/cm3) and Leptospermum pertersonii (4.41 μg/cm3). Neroli birgard oil (1.70 μg/cm3) was the most toxic based on the LD50 values against S. cerealella, followed by Citrus aurantium (1.80 μg/cm3) and Artemisia vulgaris (1.81 μg/cm3). The insecticidal and acaricidal activities of the plant oils in the filter paper diffusion bioassay were similar to those in the fumigant bioassay. In comparison, A. millefolium, A. graveolens, and E. dives oils were more effective against S. oryzae and S. zeamais in the fumigant bioassay than in the contact bioassay. These results indicate that the insecticidal activity of the three plant oils against S. oryzae and S. zeamais may be due to their fumigant action. Acaricidal activities of the A. millefolium, A. graveolens, and E. dives oils against T. putrescentiae were 2.62, 1.11, and 122 times higher than that of benzyl benzoate in the contact bioassay. These results indicate that A. millefolium, A. graveolens, and E. dives oils have potential for development as agents to control stored-grain insects and mites.

scholarly journals Prevalence and abundance of insect pests in stored pulses collected from two local markets of Dhaka city

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
Tangin Akter ◽  
Shanjida Sultana ◽  
Mehjabin Rahman ◽  
Md Reaz Mahmud ◽  
Shefali Begum
Keyword(s):  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Green Gram ◽  
Callosobruchus Chinensis ◽  
Sitotroga Cerealella ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Rhizopertha Dominica ◽  
Liposcelis Entomophila

Prevalence and abundance of stored grain insect pests in four varieties of pulses i.e. Lens culinaris, Pisum staivum, Cicer arietinum collected from two markets of Dhaka city were recorded. Nine species of insect pests, viz. Sitophilus oryzae, Tribolium castaneum, Callosobruchus chinensis, C. maculatus, Rhizopertha dominica, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Liposcelis entomophila, Sitotroga cerealella, and Formica sp., were recorded throughout the study. The percentage of weight-loss was higher (7.54) in those pulses which were highly infested by pests. Highest pest population was observed during May to June (753). However, Sitotroga cerealella were found only in November to December of the study period. The maximum species richness (7) was observed in Green gram and Chickpeas samples, but the minimum species evenness was observed in Green gram (0.6969) and maximum in Red lentil (0.9886). Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 8(1): 75-82, 2019 (June)

scholarly journals Insecticidal and Insect-repellent Activities of Essential Oils from Verbenaceae and Anacardiaceae against Rhizopertha Dominica

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0900400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verónica S. Benzi ◽  
Ana P. Murray ◽  
Adriana A. Ferrero
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Topical Application ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Contact Toxicity ◽  
Fumigant Toxicity ◽  
Insect Repellent ◽  
Rhizopertha Dominica ◽  
Toxic Plant ◽  
Filter Paper Assay

Essential oils extracted from leaves of Aloysia polystachya and A. citriodora (Verbenaceae) and from leaves and fruits of Schinus molle var. areira (Anacardiaceae) were tested for their repellent and toxic activities against adults of Rhizopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). Topical application and filter paper assays were employed for contact toxicity studies; filter paper impregnation was also used for fumigant and repellent assays. In topical tests A. polystachya was as effective as S. molle leaves. In the case of repellent assays, A. citriodora was the most effective oil based on the class scale. A.polystachya was the most toxic plant on contact toxicity by filter paper assay (LC50 26.6 mg/cm2). Fumigant toxicity was only evaluated with fruits and leaves of S. molle, and no significant differences were found between them. Published data are included to compare the fumigant toxicity of S. molle with that of A. citridora and A. polystachya.

scholarly journals Seed preservatives properties of Secamone afzelii (Schult) K. Schum extracts on wheat grains damage and germination capability

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Adesina ◽  
A. T. B. Aderibigbe
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Contact Toxicity ◽  
Fumigant Toxicity ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
Stored Grains ◽  
Hexane Extracts

Abstract Background Botanical pesticides may be a possible solution to the post-harvest loss of stored grains faced by farmers and food processors. In this study, seed preservatives properties of Secamone afzelii leaves extracts at 50, 100, 150, 200 µl concentrations were investigated against lesser grain borer Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricus) infestation on wheat grains weight loss and seed germination capability arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and replicated thrice under ambient laboratory conditions. Results The outcomes of the study showed that S. afzelii leaves extracts exhibited significant effect (p < 0.05) in suppressing R. dominica adult emergence and weight loss of wheat grains than untreated. The increase in the concentrations led to significant decrease in adult emergence and weight loss with different extracts. Secamone afzelii ethyl acetate and hexane extracts significantly subdued adult emergence in contact toxicity (6.69% and 8.49%) and fumigant toxicity (8.85 and 8.87); a similar trend was observed in weight loss in both contact (2.33% and 5.13%) and fumigant (1.50% and 1.03%) toxicities at 200 µl, respectively. None of the extracts hinder the germination of treated grains, while germination percentage ranged between 88.69% and 93.40%. Conclusion The results clearly indicated that S. afzelii extracts, in general, ethyl acetate and hexane extracts of S. afzelii in particular were the best seed preservative for stored wheat. Thus S. afzelii leaves extracts could be utilized as grain protectant substitute for conventional synthetic insecticides and fumigants in the control of insect infestation and conservation of stored grain quality and germination capability. Further study is required to identify the bioactive chemicals responsible for the S. afzelii extracts insecticidal activity and stored grains quality preservation.

Knockdown-Mortality Responses of Six Stored-Product Beetle Species on Different Surfaces Treated With Thiamethoxam, Using a Standardized Lethality Index

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fotoula K Tsaganou ◽  
Thomas N Vassilakos ◽  
Christos G Athanassiou
Keyword(s):  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Galvanized Steel ◽  
Cryptolestes Ferrugineus ◽  
Oryzaephilus Surinamensis ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Plastic Surfaces ◽  
Adult Exposure ◽  
Stored Grain Insects ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

Abstract Bioassays were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of thiamethoxam in different surfaces, against six stored-grain insects, Sitophilus granarius (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae), and Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) (Coleoptera: Silvanidae). Six different surfaces (concrete, plywood, galvanized steel, linen, plastic, and ceramic tile) treated with thiamethoxam at 0.05 and 0.1 mg/cm2 were used as substrate for adult exposure. Knockdown was recorded after 1, 3, and 7 d of exposure to the treated surface, in order to calculate a Standardized Lethality Index (SLI). Knockdown counts were ranked from ‘0’ to ‘4’, with ‘0’ representing adult insects ‘moved generally’ and ‘4’ representing dead insects. Based on the results, insect knockdown seems leading to mortality than to recovery and the SLI ranking of the target species according to their susceptibility to thiamethoxam showed that S. granarius being more susceptible and decreasing susceptibility in an order of S. oryzae &gt; T. castaneum ≥ O. surinamenis ≥ C. ferrugineus ≥ T. confusum. In general, among the surfaces, thiamethoxam efficacy was lower on linen, wooden, and concrete surfaces, as compared to metallic and plastic surfaces. Nevertheless, at the end of 7-d exposure, all surfaces equally affected thiamethoxam toxicity.

scholarly journals Potential use of Clerodendrum capitatum extracts and its formulation for control of three major stored product beetles

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-185
Author(s):  
Jacobs Mobolade Adesina ◽  
Anjanappa Raghavendra ◽  
Yallappa Rajashekar ◽  
Thomas Inomisan Ofuya
Keyword(s):  
Insecticidal Activity ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Hexane Extract ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Fumigant Toxicity ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Herbal Formulation ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus

Abstract Objective Insecticidal activity of Clerodendrum capitatum extracts against the stored product insect pest, Sitophilus oryzae (L.), Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) were investigated. Materials and Methods Hundred grams of C. capitatum powder was sequentially extracted with a series of solvents of increasing polarity in a Soxhlet apparatus and the extracts were concentrated on rotary evaporator to make it solvent free and the residue dissolved in a known volume of methanol and the solution was assayed for insecticidal activity by the fumigant toxicity. Hexane extract which showed maximum activity was selected for the preparation of herbal formulation and for its insecticidal properties and phytotoxicity. The herbal formulation obtained from leaves of C. capitatum was investigated by GCMS and GC/FID. Results Clerodendrum capitatum ethyl extract had a very strong repellent activity to adults of all three major stored grain insects and was significantly repellent at a 1.58 mg/cm2. The hexane extract (oil) had high fumigant activity with LC50 values in the range between 25 and 32 µg/L. A total of 14 components representing 97.8% of the formulation were identified and the main compounds in the formulation were found to be 2-Heptanone, 3-methyl (33.9 %) and Hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (25.3%) followed by 3-Dodecen-1-al (10.2%) and 8-Methyl-1-undecene (4.9%). Further, herbal formulation was found to be highly toxic to mixed age cultures of all three major stored grain insect pests which recorded 80%–90% mortality at dose of 200 µg/L in 24 h exposure, where as 100% mortality achieved at dose of 200 µg/L in 72 h exposure, respectively. Conclusion The results indicate that extracts and formulation of C. capitatum has the potential to be developed in to a natural insecticide or repellent for controlling of stored product beetles.

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