Knockdown-Mortality Responses of Six Stored-Product Beetle Species on Different Surfaces Treated With Thiamethoxam, Using a Standardized Lethality Index

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fotoula K Tsaganou ◽  
Thomas N Vassilakos ◽  
Christos G Athanassiou
Keyword(s):  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Galvanized Steel ◽  
Cryptolestes Ferrugineus ◽  
Oryzaephilus Surinamensis ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Plastic Surfaces ◽  
Adult Exposure ◽  
Stored Grain Insects ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

Abstract Bioassays were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of thiamethoxam in different surfaces, against six stored-grain insects, Sitophilus granarius (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae), and Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) (Coleoptera: Silvanidae). Six different surfaces (concrete, plywood, galvanized steel, linen, plastic, and ceramic tile) treated with thiamethoxam at 0.05 and 0.1 mg/cm2 were used as substrate for adult exposure. Knockdown was recorded after 1, 3, and 7 d of exposure to the treated surface, in order to calculate a Standardized Lethality Index (SLI). Knockdown counts were ranked from ‘0’ to ‘4’, with ‘0’ representing adult insects ‘moved generally’ and ‘4’ representing dead insects. Based on the results, insect knockdown seems leading to mortality than to recovery and the SLI ranking of the target species according to their susceptibility to thiamethoxam showed that S. granarius being more susceptible and decreasing susceptibility in an order of S. oryzae > T. castaneum ≥ O. surinamenis ≥ C. ferrugineus ≥ T. confusum. In general, among the surfaces, thiamethoxam efficacy was lower on linen, wooden, and concrete surfaces, as compared to metallic and plastic surfaces. Nevertheless, at the end of 7-d exposure, all surfaces equally affected thiamethoxam toxicity.

scholarly journals Effect of Nitrogen on Phosphine-Susceptible and -Resistant Populations of Stored Product Insects

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 885
Author(s):  
Maria K. Sakka ◽  
Fotini Gatzali ◽  
Vaios T. Karathanos ◽  
Christos G. Athanassiou
Keyword(s):  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Red Flour Beetle ◽  
Oryzaephilus Surinamensis ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Progeny Production ◽  
Laboratory Populations ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Nitrogen Treatment ◽  
Commercial Nitrogen ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

In this study, we evaluated nitrogen treatment on phosphine-resistant field and -susceptible laboratory populations of different stored product beetles. Nine trials were conducted in commercial nitrogen chambers with the O2 level set at 1.0%. Two different temperatures—i.e., 28 and 40 °C—and three exposure intervals—i.e., 2.5, 3 and 9 d—were used in our tests. Adults of the sawtoothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) (Coleoptera: Silvanidae); the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae); and the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) were used in the trials. The insects were placed in vials with different commodities per species and population, and their mortality was measured after the termination of each trial. Then, the vials were kept in incubator chambers at 25 °C and 65% relative humidity for 65 d to measure progeny production. Complete parental mortality was observed in all cases for O. surinamensis and S. oryzae, but there was some survival for T. castaneum at 28 °C and 3 d of exposure. In general, progeny production was completely (100%) suppressed, with some exceptions for all species and populations. The results indicate that low oxygen is effective for all species tested, regardless of their resistance status to phosphine, and can be further adopted as an alternative method to mitigate resistance in stored product beetles.

Control of Main Stored-Grain Insects with New Formulations of Entomopathogenic Fungi in Diatomaceous Earth Dusts

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yacoub Ahmad Batta
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Diatomaceous Earth ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
High Loss ◽  
Mortality Percentage ◽  
Stored Grain Insects

The present research is aimed at a formulation of the entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana (Bal.) Vuillemin and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metch.) Sorokin, in two types of diatomaceous earth dusts, fossil shield and Silico-Sec, are then applied against the adults of three species of stored-grain insects: Sitophilus oryzae L., Rhyzopertha dominica Fab. and Tribolium castaneum Herbs. Effect of the treatment was assessed by comparing the mortality percentage of the adults of the three insect species exposed to the formulated fungi with that of the adults exposed to the unformulated fungi or the diatomaceous earth dusts or the undisturbed control. Results obtained from these exposures have indicated that treatment of the adults with the formulated fungi resulted in a significantly higher mean mortality percentage compared to the treatment with the unformulated fungi or the diatomaceous earth dusts or the undisturbed control. A synergistic interaction between the effect of fungal species and the diatomaceous earth dusts was shown. Viability of conidia of both fungal species in diatomaceous earth dusts was assessed by calculating the germination percentage of the conidia over time. Results indicated a small loss of mean germination percentage for formulated conidia of both fungal species versus a high loss of mean germination percentage for the unformulated conidia, thus the diatomaceous earth dusts used in the formulation of both fungi demonstrated a negligible effect on the viability of formulated conidia compared to the unformulated.

Changes in stored-wheat ecosystems infested with two combinations of insect species

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 1524-1534 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. D. G. White ◽  
R. N. Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Cryptolestes Ferrugineus ◽  
Oryzaephilus Surinamensis ◽  
Stored Wheat ◽  
Seed Damage ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Multiple Species

The consequences of infestation of bulk-stored wheat by multiple species of insects were determined for 60 weeks at 30 ± 2 °C. Eight 204-L drums containing wheat at 15.5% moisture content were used as three distinct systems: (I) Control system (two drums), insect free; (II) RST system (three drums), infested with the grouping of Rhyzopertha dominica F., Sitophilus oryzae (L.), and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst); and (III) COT system (three drums), infested with the grouping of Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), and T. castaneum. At triweekly intervals carbon dioxide, oxygen, temperature, grain moisture, seed damage, grain weight, dust weight, fat acidity values (FAV), seed germination, microflora, and the numbers of insects and the mite Tarsonemus granarius Lindquist were measured. Seeds died by week 15 and bacterial infection on them increased in all systems. The seed FAVs in the RST system peaked by week 30 and then declined steadily while these values were increasing continuously in the Control and levelling off in the COT systems. Insects multiplied exponentially for 6–15 weeks and then declined sharply or maintained oscillating populations; Sitophilus and Oryzaephilus were unable to survive in the presence of the other insects.

scholarly journals Preparation, Characterization and Biological Efficacy of Eucalyptus Oil Nanoemulsion against the Stored Grain Insects

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
Tahany G. M. Mohammed ◽  
M. E. H. Nasr
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Contact Toxicity ◽  
Fumigant Toxicity ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Spontaneous Emulsification ◽  
Eucalyptus Oil ◽  
Rhizopertha Dominica ◽  
Stored Grain Insects

Nanotechnology has enormous potential for developing alternative pest control strategies and reducing the risk of insecticide molecules. The present study aimed to develop a stable nanoemulsion (NE) of eucalyptus oil (EO) by the spontaneous emulsification method and evaluate its insecticidal and repellent effect against Sitophilus oryzae (L.), Rhizopertha dominica (F.) and Tribolium-castaneum (Herbst.). The prepared nanoemulsion formulation having a small particle size 8.57 nm with polydispersity index (PDI) 0.28. The study of the stability and physicochemical properties showed that the prepared formulation had good physical stability without any change in the macroscopic parameters. In addition, results showed that theinsecticidal activity of the prepared NE was higher than the original EO against the three tested insect speciesand the mortality increased with increasing concentrations and extending of exposure time. The contact toxicity of NE film revealed that, adults of R. dominica was more susceptible to all treatments followed by S. oryzae adults, while adults of T. castaneum was the least susceptible one, however, adults of S. oryzae was more susceptible followed by T. castaneum adults while, adults of                    R. dominica was the least susceptible one according to the fumigant toxicity and repellency. Our results suggested that the prepared formulation may be used in an integrated pest managementprogramfor controlling stored grain insects.

scholarly journals Field efficacy of brief exposure of adults of six storage pests to nitrogen-controlled atmospheres

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 169-176
Author(s):  
Aulicky Radek ◽  
Kolar Vlastimil ◽  
Plachy Jan ◽  
Stejskal Vaclav
Keyword(s):  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Cryptolestes Ferrugineus ◽  
Oryzaephilus Surinamensis ◽  
Field Validation ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Storage Pests ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Controlled Atmospheres ◽  
Field Efficacy ◽  
Significant Mortality

The efficacy of a brief exposure (1, 7, and 10 days) to a nitrogen-controlled atmosphere (N-CA) for major storage<br />pests in a field validation study in the Czech Republic is reported. The main goal was to estimate how quickly the<br />mobile adult stages of six species of storage beetles (Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Cryptolestes ferrugineus, Tribolium<br />confusum, Tribolium castaneum, Sitophilus granarius, and Sitophilus oryzae) are killed after introduction of the<br />infested commodity to prevent their further spread to the surrounding storage bins. The trials were conducted in a<br />metal bin containing 25 t of seeds using the system of continual top-down nitrogen filling to replace the oxygen. The<br />composition of N-CA in the silo was measured continually. The target N-CA concentration (i.e., ≤ 1% O<sub>2</sub> and 99% N<sub>2</sub>)<br />was reached at the bottom of the silo after 12 h of the purging phase of nitrogen silo filling. A one-day exposure to<br />N-CA corresponds to top-down filling, which initially gives higher concentrations of N2 in the upper than in the lower<br />part of the silo: low efficacy was reached at the silo bottom (0–33.3%), while higher efficacy (16.7–100%) was reached<br />at the top of the silo bin. The mortality variation at both locations was species dependent: the most sensitive was O.<br />surinamensis, and the least sensitive were S. granarius and S. oryzae. Seven days of N-CA exposure led to 100% mortality<br />of all tested species except for S. granarius (96.7% mortality at the bottom), while 10 days of N-CA exposure led<br />to 100% mortality of all adults located at both the bottom and the top of the silo. This experiment showed that one<br />day of exposure to N-CA caused significant mortality to reduce the spread of insects from the top of the silo but not<br />from the silo bottom, and 10 days of exposure completely prevent the adult mobile pest stages of all tested species<br />from spreading from the treated silo and causing cross-infestation in the storage facility.

Acaricidal and Insecticidal Activities of Essential Oils against a Stored-Food Mite and Stored-Grain Insects

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA-EUN SONG ◽  
JEONG-MOON KIM ◽  
NA-HYUN LEE ◽  
JI-YEON YANG ◽  
HOI-SEON LEE
Keyword(s):  
Filter Paper ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Plant Oils ◽  
Anethum Graveolens ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Contact Bioassay ◽  
Stored Grain Insects ◽  
Insecticidal Activities

ABSTRACT Twenty plant-derived oils were evaluated for their acaricidal and insecticidal activities against Sitotroga cerealella, Sitophilus oryzae, Sitophilus zeamais, and Tyrophagus putrescentiae adults, by using the fumigant and filter paper diffusion methods. Responses varied with bioassay systems, insect or mite species, plant oils, and exposure time. Based on the 50% lethal dose (LD50) values against S. oryzae and S. zeamais in the fumigant bioassay, Anethum graveolens oil (4.12 and 1.12 μg/cm3, respectively) induced the highest mortality, followed by Achillea millefolium (21.92 and 14.91 μg/cm3) and Eucalyptus dives (28.02 and 24.02 μg/cm3) oils, respectively. The most toxic oil based on the 50% lethal concentration values against T. putrescentiae was E. dives (3.13 μg/cm3), followed by Melaleuca leucadendron (3.93 μg/cm3) and Leptospermum pertersonii (4.41 μg/cm3). Neroli birgard oil (1.70 μg/cm3) was the most toxic based on the LD50 values against S. cerealella, followed by Citrus aurantium (1.80 μg/cm3) and Artemisia vulgaris (1.81 μg/cm3). The insecticidal and acaricidal activities of the plant oils in the filter paper diffusion bioassay were similar to those in the fumigant bioassay. In comparison, A. millefolium, A. graveolens, and E. dives oils were more effective against S. oryzae and S. zeamais in the fumigant bioassay than in the contact bioassay. These results indicate that the insecticidal activity of the three plant oils against S. oryzae and S. zeamais may be due to their fumigant action. Acaricidal activities of the A. millefolium, A. graveolens, and E. dives oils against T. putrescentiae were 2.62, 1.11, and 122 times higher than that of benzyl benzoate in the contact bioassay. These results indicate that A. millefolium, A. graveolens, and E. dives oils have potential for development as agents to control stored-grain insects and mites.

scholarly journals Dominance and Frequency of Coleoptera Found on Stored Cereals and Cereal Products in Central Greece

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
ΤΗ. Buchelos ◽  
C. G. Athanassiou
Keyword(s):  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Tribolium Confusum ◽  
Population Fluctuation ◽  
Cryptolestes Ferrugineus ◽  
Oryzaephilus Surinamensis ◽  
Significant Preference ◽  
Cereal Products ◽  
Central Greece ◽  
Storage Facilities

Thirty Coleoptera taxa belonging to 14 families were found during samplings conducted in 4 different storage facilities at Farsala district, Central Greece, from January 1991 to February 1992. Among the most frequently found, Sitophilus oryzae, S. granarius and Rhysopertha dominica were more numerous on grain, Tribolium confusum, T castaneum and Cryptolestes ferrugineus on flour, while Oryzaephilus surinamensis and O. inercator showed no significant preference to any commodity. An analysis of the results was performed, based on the dominance and frequency criteria. The population fluctuation of the 8 most significant species is given in graphs.

scholarly journals Testing the Insecticidal Activity of Nanostructured Alumina on Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Under Laboratory Conditions Using Galvanized Steel Containers

Insects ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo López-García ◽  
Micaela Buteler ◽  
Teodoro Stadler
Keyword(s):  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Galvanized Steel ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Treatment Rate ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Grain Damage ◽  
Pest Insects ◽  
Stored Grain Pest ◽  
Short Time ◽  
First Time

Most stored-grain pest insects increase their population within a relatively short time, causing serious damage to stored products. Sitophilus oryzae (L.) is one of the world’s major stored-grain pest insects and was chosen as the model insect for our studies. This study compared the efficacy of three different dusts under laboratory conditions: aluminum dust (nanostructured alumina), DiatomiD®, and Protect-It® (commercial diatomaceous earth). Parental survival, grain damage, and progeny production were measured at 250 and 500 ppm in treated wheat. The tests were conducted in 400 mL galvanized steel jars, an experimental model used for the first time to measure the effectiveness of nanostructured alumina, since most studies have been typically performed in small petri dishes. Parental survival obtained was highest in the untreated controls, followed in decreasing order by DiatomiD®, Protect-It®, and nanostructured alumina (NSA). NSA caused the greatest mortality. All treatments significantly reduced grain weight loss and frass production in wheat infested by S. oryzae. The degree of progeny (F1) suppression was directly related to the product and treatment rate, progeny being significantly suppressed by NSA in wheat followed by Protect-It® and DiatomiD®. Therefore, NSA had a greater impact on insect population dynamics.

scholarly journals Resposta de Sitophilus oryzae (L.), Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) e Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) a diferentes concentrações de terra de diatomácea em trigo armazenado a granel

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 2103-2108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Airton Rodrigues Pinto Júnior ◽  
Flavio Antonio Lazzari ◽  
Sonia Maria Noemberg Lazzari ◽  
Fabiane Cristina Ceruti
Keyword(s):  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Cryptolestes Ferrugineus ◽  
Oryzaephilus Surinamensis

Formulações de terra de diatomácea de diferentes origens apresentam variação em toxicidade e em características físicas que afetam sua eficácia. Da mesma forma, diferentes espécies de insetos variam quanto a sua suscetibilidade ao produto. Adultos de Sitophilus oryzae (L.), Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) e Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) foram expostos a concentrações de 250, 500, 750, 1000 e 1250g t-1 de uma formulação de terra de diatomácea de origem brasileira (Keepdry®), em trigo armazenado, por diferentes períodos de exposição. Os grãos tratados com as diferentes concentrações foram colocados em frascos, com quatro repetições de 100g de grãos por tratamento, e infestados com os insetos. Os frascos foram mantidos em câmara climatizada a 25°C e 65% UR, avaliando-se a mortalidade periodicamente. O número de insetos mortos por parcela foi submetido à análise de variância e as diferenças entre as médias discriminadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5%. A mortalidade das três espécies foi diretamente relacionada à concentração e ao tempo de exposição, sendo que os melhores resultados foram obtidos com concentrações acima de 500g t-1. A espécie S. oryzae atingiu 100% de mortalidade somente no 14° dia de exposição, na concentração de 750g t-1. C. ferrugineus foi a espécie mais suscetível ao tratamento com a terra de diatomácea, com 100% de mortalidade a 500g t-1 já no 4° dia. Conclui-se que a terra de diatomácea utilizada apresenta um nível de controle satisfatório, e pode ser utilizada em programas de manejo de insetos, em trigo armazenado.

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