Seed preservatives properties of Secamone afzelii (Schult) K. Schum extracts on wheat grains damage and germination capability

Abstract Background Botanical pesticides may be a possible solution to the post-harvest loss of stored grains faced by farmers and food processors. In this study, seed preservatives properties of Secamone afzelii leaves extracts at 50, 100, 150, 200 µl concentrations were investigated against lesser grain borer Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricus) infestation on wheat grains weight loss and seed germination capability arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and replicated thrice under ambient laboratory conditions. Results The outcomes of the study showed that S. afzelii leaves extracts exhibited significant effect (p < 0.05) in suppressing R. dominica adult emergence and weight loss of wheat grains than untreated. The increase in the concentrations led to significant decrease in adult emergence and weight loss with different extracts. Secamone afzelii ethyl acetate and hexane extracts significantly subdued adult emergence in contact toxicity (6.69% and 8.49%) and fumigant toxicity (8.85 and 8.87); a similar trend was observed in weight loss in both contact (2.33% and 5.13%) and fumigant (1.50% and 1.03%) toxicities at 200 µl, respectively. None of the extracts hinder the germination of treated grains, while germination percentage ranged between 88.69% and 93.40%. Conclusion The results clearly indicated that S. afzelii extracts, in general, ethyl acetate and hexane extracts of S. afzelii in particular were the best seed preservative for stored wheat. Thus S. afzelii leaves extracts could be utilized as grain protectant substitute for conventional synthetic insecticides and fumigants in the control of insect infestation and conservation of stored grain quality and germination capability. Further study is required to identify the bioactive chemicals responsible for the S. afzelii extracts insecticidal activity and stored grains quality preservation.

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Analysis of the Essential Oil of Illicium henryi Diels Root Bark and Its Insecticidal Activity against Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-407 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 78 (4) ◽

pp. 772-777 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

XIN CHAO LIU ◽

ZHI LONG LIU

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Contact Toxicity ◽

Fumigant Toxicity ◽

Root Bark ◽

Liposcelis Bostrychophila ◽

Stored Grains ◽

Natural Insecticides ◽

Main Components ◽

Total Oil

Water-distilled essential oil from Illicium henryi (Illiciaceae) root bark was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Thirty-four compounds, accounting for 97.86% of the total oil, were identified. The main components of the essential oil of I. henryi root bark were safrole (46.12%), myristicin (20.39%), and 1,8-cineole (6.17%), followed by α-cadinol (3.784%) and linalool (3.22%). The essential oil had higher levels of phenylpropanoids (66.89%) than of monoterpenoids (14.83%) and sesquiternoids (16.14%). Three constituents were isolated from the oil based on bioactivity fractionation. The essential oil possessed fumigant toxicity against booklice (Liposcelis bostrychophila), with a 50% lethal concentration (LC50) of 380.39 μg/liter of air, while the two isolated constituents myristicin and safrole had LC50s of 121.95 and 322.54 μg/liter, respectively. Another constituent, 1,8-cineole, showed weaker toxicity, with an LC50 of 1,120.43 μg/liter. The essential oil also exhibited contact toxicity against L. bostrychophila, with an LC50 of 96.83 μg/cm2. Myristicin (LC50, 18.74 μg/cm2) and safrole (LC50, 69.28 μg/cm2) exhibited stronger acute toxicity than 1,8-cineole (LC50, 1,049.41 μg/cm2) against the booklice. The results indicated that the essential oil and its constituent compounds have potential for development into natural insecticides for control of psocids in stored grains.

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Preparation, Characterization and Biological Efficacy of Eucalyptus Oil Nanoemulsion against the Stored Grain Insects

Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research ◽

10.9734/ajaar/2020/v13i230102 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 41-51

Author(s):

Tahany G. M. Mohammed ◽

M. E. H. Nasr

Keyword(s):

Control Strategies ◽

Physical Stability ◽

Sitophilus Oryzae ◽

Contact Toxicity ◽

Fumigant Toxicity ◽

Stored Grain ◽

Spontaneous Emulsification ◽

Eucalyptus Oil ◽

Rhizopertha Dominica ◽

Stored Grain Insects

Nanotechnology has enormous potential for developing alternative pest control strategies and reducing the risk of insecticide molecules. The present study aimed to develop a stable nanoemulsion (NE) of eucalyptus oil (EO) by the spontaneous emulsification method and evaluate its insecticidal and repellent effect against Sitophilus oryzae (L.), Rhizopertha dominica (F.) and Tribolium-castaneum (Herbst.). The prepared nanoemulsion formulation having a small particle size 8.57 nm with polydispersity index (PDI) 0.28. The study of the stability and physicochemical properties showed that the prepared formulation had good physical stability without any change in the macroscopic parameters. In addition, results showed that theinsecticidal activity of the prepared NE was higher than the original EO against the three tested insect speciesand the mortality increased with increasing concentrations and extending of exposure time. The contact toxicity of NE film revealed that, adults of R. dominica was more susceptible to all treatments followed by S. oryzae adults, while adults of T. castaneum was the least susceptible one, however, adults of S. oryzae was more susceptible followed by T. castaneum adults while, adults of R. dominica was the least susceptible one according to the fumigant toxicity and repellency. Our results suggested that the prepared formulation may be used in an integrated pest managementprogramfor controlling stored grain insects.

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Chemical composition and bioactivity of essential oil from Eucalyptus occidentalis leaves against two stored product pests

International Journal of Tropical Insect Science ◽

10.1017/s1742758418000085 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 38 (03) ◽

pp. 216-223 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Shokoofeh Bande-Borujeni ◽

Nooshin Zandi-Sohani ◽

Leila Ramezani

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽

Contact Toxicity ◽

Fumigant Toxicity ◽

Potential Candidate ◽

Innovative Methods ◽

Stored Product Pests ◽

Eucalyptus Occidentalis

AbstractAttempts have been made in recent years to reduce the use of synthetic pesticides and seek alternative and innovative methods for pest control. We conducted a study on the chemical composition ofEucalyptus occidentalisessential oil and investigated the fumigant, contact and repellent effects againstTribolium castaneum(Herbst) (Col: Tenebrionidae) andRhyzopertha dominica(F.) (Col: Bostrichidae). The major components were τ-cadinol (17.20), 1,8-cineol (15.5%), α-cadinol (14%) and α-pinene (9.21%). The contact toxicity experiment showed that the oil was more toxic toR. dominica(LD50value 0.82 μL/cm) than toT. castaneum(LD50value 0.99 μL/cm) and showed the same fumigant toxicity for both insects according to the 95% confidence limit of LC50. The repellency againstT. castaneumwas more than forR. dominicaand increased from 14 to 75% forR. dominicaand 22 to 78% forT. castaneumafter 2 h. These results suggest thatE. occidentalisessential oil is a potential candidate for use as a natural repellent and insecticide for stored-product insect pests.

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Contact and fumigant toxicity of five pesticidal plants against Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in stored cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)

International Journal of Tropical Insect Science ◽

10.1017/s174275841500017x ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 35 (04) ◽

pp. 172-184 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Prisila A. Mkenda ◽

Philip C. Stevenson ◽

Patrick Ndakidemi ◽

Dudley I. Farman ◽

Steven R. Belmain

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽

Adult Emergence ◽

Negative Control ◽

Contact Toxicity ◽

Fumigant Toxicity ◽

Storage Pests ◽

Cowpea Seeds ◽

Plant Powders ◽

Tephrosia Vogelii

Insecticidal activities of five pesticidal plant species,Tephrosia vogelii,Dysphania(Syn:Chenopodium)ambrosioides,Lippia javanica,Tithonia diversifoliaandVernonia amygdalina, which have been reported to control storage pests, were evaluated as leaf powders againstCallosobruchus maculatus(Fabricius 1775) in stored cowpea. Their efficacy was compared with the commercial pesticide Actellic dust (pirimiphos-methyl) at the recommended concentration (50 g/90 kg), and with untreated cowpea seeds as a negative control. The plant powders were applied at concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 3 g/10 g of cowpea seeds in 250 ml plastic containers (to measure contact toxicity), or 0.005, 0.05, 0.5 and 5 g tied in small muslin cloth bags and hung in 500 ml plastic bottles containing 10 g of cowpea seeds (to measure fumigant toxicity). Mortality of adults, oviposition deterrence, adult emergence, and percent seed damage were recorded. Complete protection of seeds and inhibition of adult emergence were achieved in Actellic dust-treated seeds; contact toxicity using leaf powders ofT. vogeliiat all concentrations,D. ambrosioidesat concentrations of 0.1, 1 and 3 g andL. javanicaat concentrations of 1 and 3 g; and fumigant toxicity usingD.ambrosioidesat concentrations of 0.5 and 5 g andL.javanicaat a concentration of 5 g. Head space analysis ofD.ambrosioidesandL.javanicaidentified ascaridole and camphor, respectively, as components that could be responsible for the bioactivity of these plant species. These plants may, therefore, serve as effective but less harmful biopesticide alternatives to Actellic. Conversely,V.amygdalinaandT.diversifoliawere not effective, indicating that they should not be promoted for controlling bruchids in cowpea.

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Identification of Insecticidal Constituents from the Essential Oil ofValeriana jatamansiJones againstLiposcelis bostrychophilaBadonnel

Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2013/853912 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Xin Chao Liu ◽

Ligang Zhou ◽

Zhi Long Liu

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Acute Toxicity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Isovaleric Acid ◽

Contact Toxicity ◽

Fumigant Toxicity ◽

Active Constituents ◽

Valeriana Jatamansi ◽

Stored Grains ◽

Natural Insecticides

The aim of this research was to determine chemical composition and insecticidal activities of the essential oil ofValeriana jatamansiJones roots against booklice,Liposcelis bostrychophilaBadonnel, and to isolate insecticidal constituents from the oil. Essential oil ofV. jatamansiwas obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-MS. A total of 27 components in the essential oil were identified. The major compounds were patchoulol (24.3%),α-bulnesene (13.8%), isovaleric acid (12.9%),α-guaiene (8.7%), and 3-methylvaleric acid (8.4%). Based on bioactivity-guided fractionation, isovaleric acid, 3-methylvaleric acid, and patchoulol were isolated and identified as the active constituents. The essential oil exhibited contact toxicity againstL. bostrychophilawith an LC50value of 236.4 μg/cm2. Patchoulol (LC50= 61.35 μg/cm2) exhibited stronger acute toxicity than 3-methylvaleric acid (LC50= 210.69 μg/cm2) against the booklice. The essential oil also possessed fumigant toxicity againstL. bostrychophilawith an LC50value of 6.0 mg/L, while 3-methylvaleric acid and isovaleric acid had LC50values of 5.53 mg/L and 5.67 mg/L against the booklice, respectively. The results indicated that the essential oil and its constituent compounds have potential to develop into natural insecticides or fumigants for control of insects in stored grains.

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Potential use of Clerodendrum capitatum extracts and its formulation for control of three major stored product beetles

Food Quality and Safety ◽

10.1093/fqsafe/fyz018 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 179-185

Author(s):

Jacobs Mobolade Adesina ◽

Anjanappa Raghavendra ◽

Yallappa Rajashekar ◽

Thomas Inomisan Ofuya

Keyword(s):

Insecticidal Activity ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Sitophilus Oryzae ◽

Maximum Activity ◽

Hexane Extract ◽

Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽

Fumigant Toxicity ◽

Stored Grain ◽

Herbal Formulation ◽

Soxhlet Apparatus

Abstract Objective Insecticidal activity of Clerodendrum capitatum extracts against the stored product insect pest, Sitophilus oryzae (L.), Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) were investigated. Materials and Methods Hundred grams of C. capitatum powder was sequentially extracted with a series of solvents of increasing polarity in a Soxhlet apparatus and the extracts were concentrated on rotary evaporator to make it solvent free and the residue dissolved in a known volume of methanol and the solution was assayed for insecticidal activity by the fumigant toxicity. Hexane extract which showed maximum activity was selected for the preparation of herbal formulation and for its insecticidal properties and phytotoxicity. The herbal formulation obtained from leaves of C. capitatum was investigated by GCMS and GC/FID. Results Clerodendrum capitatum ethyl extract had a very strong repellent activity to adults of all three major stored grain insects and was significantly repellent at a 1.58 mg/cm2. The hexane extract (oil) had high fumigant activity with LC50 values in the range between 25 and 32 µg/L. A total of 14 components representing 97.8% of the formulation were identified and the main compounds in the formulation were found to be 2-Heptanone, 3-methyl (33.9 %) and Hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (25.3%) followed by 3-Dodecen-1-al (10.2%) and 8-Methyl-1-undecene (4.9%). Further, herbal formulation was found to be highly toxic to mixed age cultures of all three major stored grain insect pests which recorded 80%–90% mortality at dose of 200 µg/L in 24 h exposure, where as 100% mortality achieved at dose of 200 µg/L in 72 h exposure, respectively. Conclusion The results indicate that extracts and formulation of C. capitatum has the potential to be developed in to a natural insecticide or repellent for controlling of stored product beetles.

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Evaluation of the Toxicity of Satureja intermedia C. A. Mey Essential Oil to Storage and Greenhouse Insect Pests and a Predator Ladybird

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods9060712 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 712 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Asgar Ebadollahi ◽

William N. Setzer

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Coccinella Septempunctata ◽

Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽

Contact Toxicity ◽

Fumigant Toxicity ◽

Potential Candidate ◽

Rational Agents ◽

Relative Safety

The use of chemical insecticides has had several side-effects, such as environmental contamination, foodborne residues, and human health threats. The utilization of plant-derived essential oils as efficient bio-rational agents has been acknowledged in pest management strategies. In the present study, the fumigant toxicity of essential oil isolated from Satureja intermedia was assessed against cosmopolitan stored-product insect pests: Trogoderma granarium Everts (khapra beetle), Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius) (lesser grain borer), Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (red flour beetle), and Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) (saw-toothed grain beetle). The essential oil had significant fumigant toxicity against tested insects, which positively depended on essential oil concentrations and the exposure times. Comparative contact toxicity of S. intermedia essential oil was measured against Aphis nerii Boyer de Fonscolombe (oleander aphid) and its predator Coccinella septempunctata L. (seven-spot ladybird). Adult females of A. nerii were more susceptible to the contact toxicity than the C. septempunctata adults. The dominant compounds in the essential oil of S. intermedia were thymol (48.1%), carvacrol (11.8%), p-cymene (8.1%), and γ-terpinene (8.1%). The high fumigant toxicity against four major stored-product insect pests, the significant aphidicidal effect on A. nerii, and relative safety to the general predator C. septempunctata make terpene-rich S. intermedia essential oil a potential candidate for use as a plant-based alternative to the detrimental synthetic insecticides.

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Eco-friendly Approach for the Management of Rust Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) on Wheat Grains

Agricultural Science Digest - A Research Journal ◽

10.18805/ag.d-5454 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Gulappa Chandra Sekar ◽

Kh. Ibohal Singh ◽

R. Loganathan ◽

Okendro Singh

Keyword(s):

Boric Acid ◽

Tribolium Castaneum ◽

Coal Ash ◽

Adult Emergence ◽

Red Flour Beetle ◽

Cow Dung ◽

Stored Grain ◽

Wheat Grains ◽

Flour Beetle ◽

Saw Dust

Background: Wheat is the major cereal crop occupying an eminent place in economy of our country. About 10-15% wheat is lost annually due to ravages of stored grains pests during storage. The principal stored grain pest of wheat is red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) which is a cosmopolitan and most serious pest. Methods: The present investigation was carried out in the Entomology Laboratory during 2020-2021, College of Agriculture, Central Agricultural University, Imphal to investigate eco-friendly management of rust red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum on wheat grains by using different inert materials viz., paddy straw, paddy husk ash, cow dung ash, coal ash, sand dust, saw dust, boric acid and one untreated control with the dose of 1.5 gm/100 gm of wheat grains. Result: The results showed that the boric acid exhibited 100 per cent adult mortality of T. castaneum within 5 days after treatment. Afterwards the next best treatment was cow dung ash, coal ash shows the very effective in treatment in the adult emergence and grain weight loss. Whereas, saw dust shows the least effective treatment in the controlling adult emergence.

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Composition, Repellent, and Insecticidal Activities of Two South American Plants against the Stored Grain Pests Tribolium castaneum and Tribolium confusum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

ISRN Entomology ◽

10.1155/2014/175827 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Verónica Benzi ◽

Natalia Stefanazzi ◽

Ana Paula Murray ◽

Jorge O. Werdin González ◽

Adriana Ferrero

Keyword(s):

Tribolium Castaneum ◽

Screening Program ◽

Tribolium Confusum ◽

The Other ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Contact Toxicity ◽

Fumigant Toxicity ◽

Stored Grain ◽

Flour Beetle ◽

Other Hand

As part of a screening program to evaluate the biological activity of indigenous plants, we report the composition and the bioactivity of essential oils (EOs) extracted from Té de Burro Aloysia polystachya [(Griseb.) Moldenke] and Lemon Verbena Aloysia citriodora [Palau] against two of the most widespread secondary pests of stored products, the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum [Herbst] and the confused flour beetle Tribolium confusum [Jacqueline du Val]. Analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of the EOs led the identification of their major constituents and their relative proportions. EO of A. citriodora showed the highest repellent activity against both beetles (>70%). On the other hand, both plants showed fumigant toxicity only against T. confusum, without significant differences between them (LC50 values of 5.92 and 5.53 mg/L air for A. polystachya and A. citriodora, resp.). For contact toxicity (topical applications) the EO of A. polystachya was more effective (LD50 = 7.35 μg/insect) than the EO of A. citriodora (LD50 = 13.8 μg/insect) only against T. castaneum. On the other hand, T. confusum was not susceptible by contact to any of these EOs. These results provide important tools for the development of an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program.

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