scholarly journals Potential use of Clerodendrum capitatum extracts and its formulation for control of three major stored product beetles

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-185
Author(s):  
Jacobs Mobolade Adesina ◽  
Anjanappa Raghavendra ◽  
Yallappa Rajashekar ◽  
Thomas Inomisan Ofuya
Keyword(s):  
Insecticidal Activity ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Hexane Extract ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Fumigant Toxicity ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Herbal Formulation ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus

Abstract Objective Insecticidal activity of Clerodendrum capitatum extracts against the stored product insect pest, Sitophilus oryzae (L.), Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) were investigated. Materials and Methods Hundred grams of C. capitatum powder was sequentially extracted with a series of solvents of increasing polarity in a Soxhlet apparatus and the extracts were concentrated on rotary evaporator to make it solvent free and the residue dissolved in a known volume of methanol and the solution was assayed for insecticidal activity by the fumigant toxicity. Hexane extract which showed maximum activity was selected for the preparation of herbal formulation and for its insecticidal properties and phytotoxicity. The herbal formulation obtained from leaves of C. capitatum was investigated by GCMS and GC/FID. Results Clerodendrum capitatum ethyl extract had a very strong repellent activity to adults of all three major stored grain insects and was significantly repellent at a 1.58 mg/cm2. The hexane extract (oil) had high fumigant activity with LC50 values in the range between 25 and 32 µg/L. A total of 14 components representing 97.8% of the formulation were identified and the main compounds in the formulation were found to be 2-Heptanone, 3-methyl (33.9 %) and Hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (25.3%) followed by 3-Dodecen-1-al (10.2%) and 8-Methyl-1-undecene (4.9%). Further, herbal formulation was found to be highly toxic to mixed age cultures of all three major stored grain insect pests which recorded 80%–90% mortality at dose of 200 µg/L in 24 h exposure, where as 100% mortality achieved at dose of 200 µg/L in 72 h exposure, respectively. Conclusion The results indicate that extracts and formulation of C. capitatum has the potential to be developed in to a natural insecticide or repellent for controlling of stored product beetles.

Control of Main Stored-Grain Insects with New Formulations of Entomopathogenic Fungi in Diatomaceous Earth Dusts

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yacoub Ahmad Batta
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Diatomaceous Earth ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
High Loss ◽  
Mortality Percentage ◽  
Stored Grain Insects

The present research is aimed at a formulation of the entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana (Bal.) Vuillemin and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metch.) Sorokin, in two types of diatomaceous earth dusts, fossil shield and Silico-Sec, are then applied against the adults of three species of stored-grain insects: Sitophilus oryzae L., Rhyzopertha dominica Fab. and Tribolium castaneum Herbs. Effect of the treatment was assessed by comparing the mortality percentage of the adults of the three insect species exposed to the formulated fungi with that of the adults exposed to the unformulated fungi or the diatomaceous earth dusts or the undisturbed control. Results obtained from these exposures have indicated that treatment of the adults with the formulated fungi resulted in a significantly higher mean mortality percentage compared to the treatment with the unformulated fungi or the diatomaceous earth dusts or the undisturbed control. A synergistic interaction between the effect of fungal species and the diatomaceous earth dusts was shown. Viability of conidia of both fungal species in diatomaceous earth dusts was assessed by calculating the germination percentage of the conidia over time. Results indicated a small loss of mean germination percentage for formulated conidia of both fungal species versus a high loss of mean germination percentage for the unformulated conidia, thus the diatomaceous earth dusts used in the formulation of both fungi demonstrated a negligible effect on the viability of formulated conidia compared to the unformulated.

scholarly journals Preparation, Characterization and Biological Efficacy of Eucalyptus Oil Nanoemulsion against the Stored Grain Insects

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
Tahany G. M. Mohammed ◽  
M. E. H. Nasr
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Contact Toxicity ◽  
Fumigant Toxicity ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Spontaneous Emulsification ◽  
Eucalyptus Oil ◽  
Rhizopertha Dominica ◽  
Stored Grain Insects

Nanotechnology has enormous potential for developing alternative pest control strategies and reducing the risk of insecticide molecules. The present study aimed to develop a stable nanoemulsion (NE) of eucalyptus oil (EO) by the spontaneous emulsification method and evaluate its insecticidal and repellent effect against Sitophilus oryzae (L.), Rhizopertha dominica (F.) and Tribolium-castaneum (Herbst.). The prepared nanoemulsion formulation having a small particle size 8.57 nm with polydispersity index (PDI) 0.28. The study of the stability and physicochemical properties showed that the prepared formulation had good physical stability without any change in the macroscopic parameters. In addition, results showed that theinsecticidal activity of the prepared NE was higher than the original EO against the three tested insect speciesand the mortality increased with increasing concentrations and extending of exposure time. The contact toxicity of NE film revealed that, adults of R. dominica was more susceptible to all treatments followed by S. oryzae adults, while adults of T. castaneum was the least susceptible one, however, adults of S. oryzae was more susceptible followed by T. castaneum adults while, adults of                    R. dominica was the least susceptible one according to the fumigant toxicity and repellency. Our results suggested that the prepared formulation may be used in an integrated pest managementprogramfor controlling stored grain insects.

The frequency of Cryptolestes spp. in grain in south-east Queensland

1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (103) ◽  
pp. 234 ◽  
Author(s):  
ER Sinclair ◽  
M Bengston
Keyword(s):  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Red Flour Beetle ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Grain Beetles ◽  
Farm Survey ◽  
Stored Grain Pests ◽  
Grain Protectant ◽  
Grain Farms

In a survey of 60 grain farms on the Darling Downs, Queensland, during 1977-78, the flat grain beetles Cryptolestes spp., which are germ feeders in stored grains, were found on 39 of the farms and in 15% of the 483 samples taken. Ninety percent of infestations involving Cryptolestes spp. were found in bag or bulk stores of seed and feed grain, where they were usually associated with heavy infestations of the three more common stored grain pests, the rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae (L.), the lesser grain borer Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), and the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Herbest.). Three species of Cryptolestes were detected: C. pusillus (Schonherr) (45.6% of farms surveyed), C. ferrugineus (Steph.) (28.1 %), and C. pusilloides (Steel and Howe) (15.8%). During the farm survey, samples were also collected from 8 of the 11 central storages reported infested with Cryptolestes spp. C. ferrugineus was present in each of these samples, C. pusillus in only one, whilst C. pusilloides was not found. The three species were tested for resistance to malathion and fenitrothion, the most commonly used grain-protectant chemicals, by exposing adults to treated wheat. C. pusillus and C. pusilloides were susceptible to both malathion and fenitrothion (LC99.9 < 1 mg kg-1). C. ferrugineus, whilst susceptible to fenitrothion (LC99.9 < 1 mg kg-1) was resistant to malathion, with LC99.9 of 300-400 mg kg-1 compared with the recommended dose of 18 mg kg -1. Although C. pusillus was the most common species on farms, it was concluded that C. ferrugineus was the most important overall because it is biologically better suited to the grain in central storages, which is typically hot (>30�C) and of low moisture content (< 12% for wheat).

scholarly journals The influence of the type of storage on pest infestation of stored grain in the Czech Republic

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Stejskal ◽  
J. Hubert ◽  
Z. Kučerová ◽  
Z. Munzbergová ◽  
J. Lukáš ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Acarus Siro ◽  
Pest Infestation ◽  
Grain Stores ◽  
Taxonomic Groups

Stored-product pests cause high economic losses by feeding on stored grain and endanger the public health by contamination of food by allergens. Therefore, the aim of this work was to explore whether the risk of infestation of stored grain by pests is different in various types of storage premises. We compared the level of infestation and the pest species composition in the two main types of grain stores in Central Europethat includes horizontal flat-stores (HFS) and vertical silo-stores (elevators) (VSS). A&nbsp;total of 147 grain stores located in&nbsp; Bohemia, CzechRepublicwas inspected. We found that both types of stores were infested with arthropods of three main taxonomic groups: mites (25 species, 120 000 individuals), psocids (8 species, 5 600 individuals) and beetles (23 species, 4 500 individuals). We found that VSS and HFS differ in species composition of mites, psocids and beetles. However, the primary grain pests (i.e. Lepidoglyphus destructor, Acarus siro, Tyrophagus putrescentiae, Lachesilla pedicularia, Sitophilus oryzae, Rhyzopertha dominica, Oryzaephilus surinamensis and Cryptolestes ferrugineus) occurred in both types of stores. The only exception was higher frequency and abundance of two serious beetle-pests (Tribolium castaneum, Sitophilus granarius) in HFS than in VSS. The total numbers of mite and beetle species infesting VSS and HFS was almost the same. There was higher psocid species diversity in VSS than in HFS. The difference between the total (i.e. level of pest infestation per kg of grain sample) numbers of mite and psocid individuals collected from VSS and HFS was not significant. However, the total numbers of beetle-pest individuals collected from HFS was twice the amount collected from VSS. We concluded that both types of stores are equally risky in terms of mite and psocid infestation. HFS is more risky for grain storage than VSS in terms of beetle infestations, although even the VSS structures cannot be in no way called pest-safe. The VSS and HFS microclimatic conditions (humidity, temperature) are discussed in relation to mite, psocid and beetle infestation.

scholarly journals Phosphine: an eco-friendly alternative for management of wheat storage insects

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumitra Arora ◽  
J. Stanley ◽  
C. Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Laboratory Culture ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Montreal Protocol ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Aluminium Phosphide

ABSTRACTMethyl bromide (MB) fumigant has been phased out in many countries honouring ‘Montreal Protocol’. Reports on phosphine fumigant efficacy under different ecological zones in India are scanty. Field fumigation trials were conducted on 5 Metric Tons of wheat stacks per replication of a treatment for testing phosphine efficacy against laboratory cultured and resident population of Tribolium castanium, Sitophilus oryzae, and Rhyzopertha dominica. The trials were organized in triplicate including control at two locations with varying climate locations namely, Pithoragarh and Delhi using conventional 56% tablet (2 and 3 tablet/MT) and 77.5% granular (1.0 and 1.5 g phosphine/m3) formulations of Aluminium phosphide (AlP) for 7 and 10-days exposure periods for each dosage. Phosphine concentration was monitored every 24 hours till end of the exposure periods. Insect mortality of laboratory culture and resident infestation was observed as 100% in both the exposure periods using all dosages of phosphine. No emergence of insects was observed till 60 days after treatment at both the locations, indicating mortality of all available life stages of insects during the exposure periods. Minimum effective phosphine concentration for controlling all life stages of S. oryzae, R. dominica and T castaneum was observed 500-600 ppm for 7-days exposure at 25°-27°C and humidity 38-45%, at 1.5 g phosphine/m3. Hence, phosphine can be an effective alternative to methyl bromide fumigant for wheat stored grain insects at different climatic conditions.

scholarly journals Composition of the Essential Oil and Insecticidal Activity of Launaea taraxacifolia (Willd.) Amin ex C. Jeffrey Growing in Nigeria

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 914
Author(s):  
Moses S. Owolabi ◽  
Akintayo L. Ogundajo ◽  
Azeezat O. Alafia ◽  
Kafayat O. Ajelara ◽  
William N. Setzer
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Insecticidal Activity ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Monoterpene Hydrocarbons ◽  
Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons ◽  
Leaf Essential Oil

The rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae) is a pest of stored grain products such as rice, wheat, and corn. Essential oils represent a green environmentally-friendly alternative to synthetic pesticides for controlling stored-product insect pests. Launaea taraxacifolia is a leafy vegetable plant found in several parts of Nigeria. The leaves are eaten either fresh as a salad or cooked as a sauce. The essential oil obtained from fresh leaves of L. taraxacifolia was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Twenty-nine compounds were identified, accounting for 100% of the oil composition. The major component classes were monoterpene hydrocarbons (78.1%), followed by oxygenated monoterpenoids (16.2%), sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (2.1%), oxygenated sesquiterpenoids (0.3%), and non-terpenoid derivatives (3.3%). The leaf essential oil was dominated by monoterpene hydrocarbons including limonene (48.8%), sabinene (18.8%), and (E)-β-ocimene (4.6%), along with the monoterpenoid aldehyde citronellal (11.0%). The contact insecticidal activity of L. taraxacifolia essential oil against Sitophilus oryzae was carried out; median lethal concentration (LC50) values of topical exposure of L. taraxacifolia essential oil were assessed over a 120-h period. The LC50 values ranged from 54.38 μL/mL (24 h) to 10.10 µL/mL (120 h). The insecticidal activity of the L. taraxacifolia essential oil can be attributed to major components limonene (48.8%), sabinene (18.8%), and citronellal (11.0%), as well as potential synergistic action of the essential oil components. This result showed L. taraxacifolia essential oil may be considered as a useful alternative to synthetic insecticides.

scholarly journals Host acceptance and oviposition behaviour of solitary wasp, Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) (Hymenoptera : Pteromalidae), A parasitoid of stored grain pests

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-216
Author(s):  
KN Ahmed ◽  
CK Roy ◽  
JL Munshi ◽  
EA Zenat ◽  
SK Ghose
Keyword(s):  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Oviposition Behaviour ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Host Acceptance ◽  
Seed Kernel ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Wheat Kernel ◽  
Anisopteromalus Calandrae ◽  
Wheat Kernels

The host acceptance and oviposition behaviour of the ectoparasitoid, Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) (Hymenoptera : Pteromalidae) was observed on unexposed (hidden) and exposed host of Sitophilus oryzae (L.) and Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) under laboratory conditions. The egg-laying behaviour was accomplished in eight phases in hidden hosts of S. oryzae i.e., inside wheat kernels but it was much shorter having five steps in those of exposed hosts. Average total time taken by a mated A. calandrae in unexposed host (inside wheat kernels) during different oviposition sequences was 55 minutes. On the other hand, average total time taken by a mated A. calandrae in exposed host of S. oryzae during oviposition sequences was 91.1 minutes. A. calandrae preferred fully developed S.oryzae grubs rather than half- grown pre-pupae and early pupae in exposed condition. Generally, eggs were laid on or near S. oryzae host larvae or pupae inside wheat kernel because of ectoparasitic nature of A. calandrae. More eggs are deposited in case of S. oryzae hosts at the abdominal region dorsally, sometimes eggs were laid on the meta-thoracic segment dorsally but rarely eggs were laid on late S. oryzae pupae prior to adult transformation. Oviposition by a mated A. calandrae female parasitoid was influenced by the host’s size and shape on exposed as well as unexposed (within seed kernel) conditions. Generally, the 3rd and the 4th instar larvae and pre-pupae of S. oryzae were preferred for egglaying in exposed condition. The parasite did not lay eggs on naked R. dominica larvae or pupae. Bangladesh J. Zool. 46(2): 205-216, 2018

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