scholarly journals An Evaluation of the Chemical Compositions and Antifungal Activity of Ocimum gratissimum (Nchuanwu) Leaves against Some Plant Pathogens

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Rosemary I. Uchegbu ◽  
Jacinta N. Akalazu ◽  
Chinweotuto E. Sokwaibe
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Ocimum Gratissimum ◽  
Antifungal Potential ◽  
Colletotrichum Spp

Aim: This work was carried out to determine the chemical compositions of Ocimum gratissimum leaf (Fig. 1) using GC-MS and its antifungal potential against some plant pathogenic fungi. Study Design: The study was designed to determine its chemical compositions by GC-MS and to test the inhibitory ability of the plant extract on plant pathogens. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Chemistry, Alvan Ikoku Federal College of Education, Owerri and Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria, between February to July 2017. Methodology: The ethanol extract of the leaf of Ocimum gratissimum was evaluated using GC-MS to determine the chemical compositions of the plant. The identification of compounds was done by comparing spectrum of the unknown component with the spectrum of the known components stored in the NIST library. The essential oil of the plant was used to analyze the antifungal potential of the plant. This was done against some plant pathogenic fungi using disc diffusion method and MIC using broth micro dilution method. Results: The GC-MS analysis revealed eight compounds (Fig. 2) with n- Hexadecanoic acid constituting the bulk of the oil (37.21%), followed by Oleic acid (25.38%) and Octadecanoic acid (16.19%). Other compounds present in the plant are Glycyl alcohol (2.47%), Methyl alpha –D- Glucopyranoside (8.33%), Tetradecanoic acid (5.77%), Palmitic amide (2.72%) and d-Glucose, 2,3- diethyl-4,5-dithioacetyl (1.93%). Ocimum gratissimum exhibited different degrees of antifungal activity against the mycelial growth of Aspergillus niger, Botryodiploidia theobromae, Rhizopus stolonifer, Penicillium expansum and Colletotrichum spp and Fusarium oxysporium. The maximum percentage degree inhibition of Ocimum gratissimum oil was observed on A. niger at different concentrations while the least inhibition was observed in Colletotrichum spp at different concentrations. Analysis of some of the compounds found in Ocimum gratissimum such as Methyl alpha.-d-glucopyranoside, Oleic acid etc, reveals the rich pharmacological potential of this medicinal plant and the inhibitory potential of the plant against fungi justify the use of Ocimum gratissimum as a medicine traditionally.

Antifungal activity of phthalide lactones on plant pathogenic fungi and yeast

2018 ◽  
Vol 280 ◽  
pp. S27
Author(s):  
Enriqueta Martinez Rojas ◽  
Fatuma Hassan ◽  
Filip Boratynski ◽  
Teresa Olejniczak ◽  
Karl Steffens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi

In vitrokinetics and antifungal activity of various extracts ofTerminalia chebulaseeds against plant pathogenic fungi

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 801-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek K. Bajpai ◽  
Atiqur Rahman ◽  
Shruti Shukla ◽  
Savita Shukla ◽  
S.M. Yassir Arafat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi

scholarly journals A comparative evaluation of Kumaun Himalayan Gymnosperms for their Antifungal potential against plant pathogenic fungi

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-241
Author(s):  
Savita Joshi ◽  
◽  
Parikshit Kumar ◽  
Prabha Pant ◽  
SC Sati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Cedrus Deodara ◽  
Araucaria Cunninghamii

Fungicidal activity of 10 ethnobotanically known Kumaun Himalayan gymnospermous plants namely Araucaria cunninghamii, Biota orientalis, Cedrus deodara, Cephalotaxus griffithi, Cryptomeria japonica Cupressus torulosa, Ginkgo biloba, Juniperus communis, Picea smithiana and Pinus wallichiana were tested against six plant disease causing fungal pathogens by agar well-diffusion method. Forty extracts of these gymnospermic leaves in different organic solvents (methanol, ethanol, chloroform and hexane) were studied by performing the 160 sets of experiments. The MIC values of each extract (where % inhibition ≥ 40%) were also determined. All the plant extracts exhibited strong antifungal activity. Results indicated that all leaves extracts of C. griffithi and G. biloba were found most effective among the tested plants extracts. Hexane extract of C. griffithi was showed highest inhibitory activity against C. falcatum (72%; MIC, 7.81µg/ml) and T. indica (70%; MIC, 15.62µg/ml). On the other hand, ethanol extract of G. biloba also showed remarkable activity against P. oryzae (66% with MIC, 7.81g/ml). While P. wallichiana leave extracts were found less active among the studied plants against all the tested fungal strains. The chloroform extracts were found the most effective against all the tested fungi (10% to 60%), followed by ethanol extract (30-50%), methanol extract (20-40%), while in hexane extracts ranged 10-30% only. The extracts of C. griffithi exhibited superior Relative Antifungal Activity (RAA, 20%), followed by G. biloba and A. cunninghamii (RAA, 19 and 12%, respectively). All data were also analyzed for determination of total activity of plant for each studied species of gymnosperm. C. griffithi had maximum activity i.e. 71 % followed by G. biloba (54%) and A. cunninghamii (33%). C. torulosa showed the least total activity and RAA i.e. 8% and 3%, respectively. All the plant species assayed possess definite antifungal properties and suggested for phytochemical analysis to identify the active principles responsible for their antifungal activity

Bioactive metabolites from new or rare fimicolous fungi with antifungal activity against plant pathogenic fungi

2014 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Sarrocco ◽  
Stefania Diquattro ◽  
Fabiana Avolio ◽  
Alessio Cimmino ◽  
Grazia Puntoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity of the Essential Oil of Echinops kebericho Mesfin: An In Vitro Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Tamirat Bekele Beressa ◽  
Serawit Deyno ◽  
Paul E. Alele
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Standard Drug

Background. Echinops kebericho is an endemic medicinal plant in Ethiopia widely used in the treatment of infectious and noninfectious diseases. Essential oils are known for their antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, insecticidal, and antioxidant properties. This study evaluated the antifungal activity of essential oil from E. kebericho against four common pathogenic fungi and two standard strains. Methods. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation. The antifungal screening was done by agar well diffusion method. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by broth microdilution. Minimal fungicidal concentrations (MFCs) were determined by subculturing fungal strains with no visible growth onto a Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) plate. Results. Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans were highly sensitive while Aspergillus flavus did not show sensitivity up to 1 mg/ml of essential oil; MICs ranged from 0.083 mg/ml to 0.208 mg/ml. Concentration and fungal species showed significant dose-dependent associations ( p < 0.0001 ) with antifungal activity. The MICs of essential oil were comparable to those of the standard drug (fluconazole) against C. glabrata and C. krusei. The lowest MFC of the essential oil was observed against Candida parapsilosis (0.145 mg/ml) while the highest MFC was against Candida krusei (0.667 mg/ml). Conclusion. Echinops kebericho essential oil showed noteworthy antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida albicans, and Candida glabrata and could be a potential candidate for further antifungal drug development.

scholarly journals Hevein-Like Antimicrobial Peptides Wamps: Structure–Function Relationship in Antifungal Activity and Sensitization of Plant Pathogenic Fungi to Tebuconazole by WAMP-2-Derived Peptides

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 7912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatyana Odintsova ◽  
Larisa Shcherbakova ◽  
Marina Slezina ◽  
Tatyana Pasechnik ◽  
Bakhyt Kartabaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Structure Function ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Structure Function Relationship ◽  
Function Relationship

Hevein-like antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) comprise a family of plant AMPs with antifungal activity, which harbor a chitin-binding site involved in interactions with chitin of fungal cell walls. However, the mode of action of hevein-like AMPs remains poorly understood. This work reports the structure–function relationship in WAMPs—hevein-like AMPs found in wheat (Triticum kiharae Dorof. et Migush.) and later in other Poaceae species. The effect of WAMP homologues differing at position 34 and the antifungal activity of peptide fragments derived from the central, N- and C-terminal regions of one of the WAMPs, namely WAMP-2, on spore germination of different plant pathogenic fungi were studied. Additionally, the ability of WAMP-2-derived peptides to potentiate the fungicidal effect of tebuconazole, one of the triazole fungicides, towards five cereal-damaging fungi was explored in vitro by co-application of WAMP-2 fragments with Folicur® EC 250 (25% tebuconazole). The antifungal activity of WAMP homologues and WAMP-2-derived peptides varied depending on the fungus, suggesting multiple modes of action for WAMPs against diverse pathogens. Folicur® combined with the WAMP-2 fragments inhibited the spore germination at a much greater level than the fungicide alone, and the type of interactions was either synergistic or additive, depending on the target fungus and concentration combinations of the compounds. The combinations, which resulted in synergism and drastically enhanced the sensitivity to tebuconazole, were revealed for all five fungi by a checkerboard assay. The ability to synergistically interact with a fungicide and exacerbate the sensitivity of plant pathogenic fungi to a commercial antifungal agent is a novel and previously uninvestigated property of hevein-like AMPs.

scholarly journals Survival and probability of transmission of plant pathogenic fungi through the digestive tract of honey bee workers

Apidologie ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 871-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorgiane B. Parish ◽  
Eileen S. Scott ◽  
Raymond Correll ◽  
Katja Hogendoorn
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Honey Bee Workers

AbstractHoney bees, Apis mellifera, have been implicated as vectors of plant pathogens. However, the survival of spores of plant pathogenic fungi through the digestive tract of workers has not been investigated. As workers defecate outside the hive, transport of hives could give rise to biosecurity concerns if fungal spores remain viable following passage through the digestive tract. To determine the likelihood that honey bees serve as vectors, this study investigated the viability of spores of Botrytis cinerea and Colletotrichum acutatum after passing through the digestive tract of summer and autumn worker bees. For both fungi, the mean viability of spores in faeces suspensions was less than one percent of the initial dose fed to the bees. Although survival was low, the large number of workers per hive implies a high probability of transmission of viable spores through honey bee faeces. Hence, in the case of economically important fungal diseases, transported hives could be a source of inoculum and quarantine restrictions should be considered.

Antifungal activity in vitro of propolis solutions from Argentina against two plant pathogenic fungi: Didymella bryoniae and Rhizotocnia solani

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 438-440
Author(s):  
Liliana Gallez ◽  
Mirta Kiehr ◽  
Leticia Fernández ◽  
Rolf Delhey ◽  
Débora Stikar
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Didymella Bryoniae
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