scholarly journals Evaluating the Most Suitable Tree Species Using Land Expectation Value: A Case Study from Plantation in North of Iran

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Zohreh Mohammadi ◽  
Soleiman Mohammadi Limaei ◽  
Teymoor Rostami Shahraji
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Timber Production ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Forest Road ◽  
Expectation Value ◽  
Bald Cypress ◽  
Land Expectation Value ◽  
Stumpage Price ◽  
North Of Iran

Plantation in north of Iran is rapidly increasing by local farmers and state but it is not clear which species is most suitable for perpetual timber production. Thus, this study is carried out to evaluate the most suitable timber species among ash (Fraxinus excelsior), elm (Alnus glutinosa), maple (Acer velutinum), oak (Quercus castanifolia), bald cypress (Taxodium distichumin) in north of Iran for evaluation of most suitability using Land Expectation Value (LEV). Data such as wood price at forest road side and variable harvesting cost was collected from secondary souce especially General Office of Natural Resources in Guilan province for a period of 20 years. Average annual increment of different species derived from previous researches. Consumer Price Index (CPI) was used for deflation of stumpage price. Regression analysis was used to predict the stumpage price of different species. Then, the mean price process was determined for different species. Faustmann's formula was used to determine the LEV or Net Present Value (NPV) for a perpetual timber production of different species.  The results showed that the LEV of ash, elm, maple, oak and bald cypress were 2623.883, 4653.042, 4319.9644, 2206.8788, 8064.667 (0.33 US dollar/ m3), respectively. The LEV of bald cypress was the highest, so it can be concluded that this species is the most suitable for timber production.

scholarly journals Evaluating the effects of risk on the economics of juvenile spacing and commercial thinning

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 1390-1400 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Reed ◽  
Joseph Apaloo
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Expectation Value ◽  
Commercial Thinning ◽  
Land Expectation Value ◽  
Optimal Rotation ◽  
Rotation Age

The temporarily increased fire hazard that is believed to result from the process of thinning is included in a single-stand model for assessing the economic benefits of juvenile spacing. Formulas for the expected net present value and the land expectation value are given along with methods for determining the age of financial maturity and the optimal rotation age. A numerical example is given to illustrate the degree of loss due to the increased fire risk. The problem of commercial thinning when the risk of fire is present is addressed using continuous-time models. It is shown how, when the fire hazard is exogenous to the thinning activity, the problem reduces to one of deterministic optimal control with the discount rate adjusted upward by an amount equal to the fire hazard rate. In the case when the fire hazard increases whenever thinning is taking place, it is shown that in general the optimal thinning policy is qualitatively different from that which is optimal in the no-risk case and involves periods of thinning at the maximum rate interspersed with periods of no thinning activity.

scholarly journals The effect of Broussonetia papyrifera invasion on the regeneration of selected native timber species in a tropical moist forest in Uganda

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davis Mark Ssemanda ◽  
Enock Ssekuubwa
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Timber Production ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Broussonetia Papyrifera ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Moist Forest

Abstract Broussonetia papyrifera has been identified as one of the top invasive species in some African tropical forests with potentially devastating impacts on the conservation and timber production potential of the forests. This study determined the effect of B. papyrifera on the regeneration of selected native timber species in Mabira Forest Reserve, Uganda. The abundance, basal area and population structure of the timber species were compared between areas invaded and uninvaded by B. papyrifera. Employing a complete randomized block design, a total of forty plots (30 x 30 m each), and equally distributed between invaded and uninvaded areas with similar habitat conditions were surveyed. Counts of seedlings were recorded and diameter of saplings and trees measured. Generalized linear models were used to analyze the abundance, tree basal area and size class distributions of the selected species. The study revealed that the effects of B. papyrifera invasion vary depending on the growth stage and species studied. Overall, B. papyrifera invasion significantly reduced tree abundance and basal area, and suppressed the regeneration of some but not all the selected species. Our results demonstrate that if the spread of B. papyrifera is not abated, it will lower the conservation and timber production potential of tropical forests. Therefore, we call for interventions to control the spread of B. papyrifera to the uninvaded parts of the forests and halt its multiplication in invaded areas so as to enhance the regeneration and growth of timber species.

scholarly journals OPTIMIZED PLANNING OF ASSORTMENT PRODUCTION IN FOREST STANDS

FLORESTA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 735
Author(s):  
Luan Demarco Fiorentin ◽  
Julio Eduardo Arce ◽  
Allan Libanio Pelissari ◽  
Rodrigo Otávio Veiga de Miranda ◽  
Thaís Wisniewski de Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Production Data ◽  
Timber Production ◽  
Objective Functions ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Homogeneous Production ◽  
Planning Strategies ◽  
Pinus Spp ◽  
Industrial Demand ◽  
Over Time

This study aimed to evaluated two optimized planning strategies and analyze their performance in timber production. Data were obtained in Pinus spp. stands from a forestry company with unbalanced planted area over time. Maximization models of forest production (1) and net present value (2) were formulated and two minimization objective functions of the production deviation (3) and minimum and maximum production oscillation (4) were tested as alternatives to the traditional models. The highest thinning and clearcutting average areas were obtained in strategy 1. Strategies 1 and 2 resulted in the greatest variability of forestry operations. All strategies resulted in the highest timber production for sawn and special sawn wood and the lowest for veneer, while the pulpwood volume was almost constant. Strategies 1 and 2 provided the highest average timber volume and the greatest variability in the production, while strategies 3 and 4 were more efficient, since they supplied the industrial demand with homogeneous production.

scholarly journals Developing Optimal Commercial Thinning Prescriptions: A New Graphical Approach

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-174
Author(s):  
KaDonna C. Randolph ◽  
Robert S. Seymour ◽  
Robert G. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Management Objectives ◽  
Commercial Thinning ◽  
Stand Density Management ◽  
Growth Simulator ◽  
Arcview Gis ◽  
Final Harvest

Abstract We describe an alternative approach to the traditional stand-density management diagrams and stocking guides for determining optimum commercial thinning prescriptions. Predictions from a stand-growth simulator are incorporated into multiple nomograms that graphically display postthinning responses of various financial and biological response variables (mean annual increment, piece size, final harvest cost, total wood cost, and net present value). A customized ArcView GIS computer interface (ThinME) displays multiple nomograms and serves as a tool for forest managers to balance a variety of competing objectives when developing commercial thinning prescriptions. ThinME provides a means to evaluate simultaneously three key questions about commercial thinning: (1) When should thinning occur? (2) How much should be removed? and (3) When should the final harvest occur, to satisfy a given set of management objectives? North. J. Appl. For. 22(3):170 –174.

scholarly journals Contribution of Small-Scale Acacia Hybrid Timber Production and Commercialization for Livelihood Development in Central Vietnam

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1335
Author(s):  
La Thi Tham ◽  
Dietrich Darr ◽  
Jürgen Pretzsch
Keyword(s):  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Acacia Auriculiformis ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Timber Production ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Model Average ◽  
The Gini Coefficient ◽  
Acacia Hybrid

Forming a backbone of the wood supply in Vietnam, approximately 50% of plantation areas are managed by individual households. Of the planted species, the Acacia (Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth. × Acacia mangium Willd) hybrid is one of the most preferred by timber growers. Yet, information on the potential of this timber species for rural livelihoods is lacking. Taking Nam Dong and Phu Loc districts in Thua Thien Hue province as case studies, this paper aimed to explore the (i) characteristics of small-scale Acacia hybrid timber producers; (ii) contribution of Acacia hybrid timber production and commercialization to rural livelihoods; and (iii) socio-economic and contextual factors which determine the income from Acacia hybrid timber. We applied a mixed-methods approach including review of secondary data, interviews of 26 key informants, eight focus group discussions, direct observations and a survey of 300 Acacia hybrid producer households selected through multistage and purposive sampling. Qualitative and quantitative data were analyzed using thematic, descriptive and inferential statistics, such as variance analysis, correlation analysis and Bayesian model average (BMA) analysis. The results demonstrated the diversity of socio-economic characteristics, resource access and management as well as determinants of timber income of small-scale timber producers between the cases. Accounting for 33–56% of total household income, Acacia hybrid timber plantations played a crucial role in the current livelihood system. Nevertheless, timber income was skewed toward the wealth status of timber producers and ranged between 327 USD/household and 3387 USD/household in Nam Dong and between 397 USD/household and 9460 USD/household in Phu Loc district. Despite the substantial contribution the income from Acacia hybrid plantations could make to local poverty reduction, it was the main contributor to the overall income inequality. While this income source reduced the Gini coefficient by 1% in Nam Dong, it increased the Gini coefficient by 18% in Phu Loc district. Our study can be of interest for further policy interventions focusing on sustainable reforestation and livelihood development in Vietnam.

scholarly journals ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF LOBLOLLY PINE STANDS IN SOUTHERN BRAZIL AS A RESULT OF DIFFERENT CROWN THINNING INTENSITIES1

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mário Dobner Jr ◽  
Dagoberto Stein de Quadros
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Expectation Value ◽  
Economic Output ◽  
Land Expectation Value ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Crown Thinning ◽  
Log Price ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

ABSTRACT Approximately 1.6 million hectares of southern Brazil are cultivated with pines, and mainly with the loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). More than one third of the stands belong to independent log producers, whose aim is to maximize their economic results. In this study, a thinning experiment was evaluated over a production period of 30 years. The stands evaluated were submitted to three different crown thinning intensities, with an unthinned stand used as a control. The aim of the study was to evaluate economic criteria regarding realistic discount rates and production periods varying between 16-30 years. For the circumstances that were evaluated, 'extreme' and early release from competition of pruned loblolly pine trees lead to the best economic performance (land expectation value = ~36,000 US$ ha-1, i = 3% yr-1). Stands subjected to crown thinnings, independently of intensity, produced three times the economic output of unthinned and unpruned stands. Although the optimal harvest ages, according to the internal rate of return, are between 18-22 years for thinned and unthinned stands, from a long-term perspective (land expectation value) and for the current relationship between log price and size, the optimal economic performance requires that production periods are extended (to 24-26 years) from those currently practised in southern Brazil (15-20 years).

scholarly journals Effects of intensified silviculture on timber production and its economic profitability in boreal Norway spruce and Scots pine stands under changing climatic conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 648-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Routa ◽  
A Kilpeläinen ◽  
V -P Ikonen ◽  
A Asikainen ◽  
A Venäläinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Timber Production ◽  
Management Regime ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Scots Pine Stands

Abstract The aim of this study was to examine how intensified silviculture affects timber production (sawlogs and pulpwood) and its economic profitability (net present value [NPV], with 2 per cent interest rate) based on forest ecosystem model simulations. The study was conducted on Norway spruce and Scots pine stands located on medium-fertile upland forest sites under middle boreal conditions in Finland, under current climate and minor climate change (the RCP2.6 forcing scenario). In intensified silviculture, improved regeneration materials were used, with 10–20 per cent higher growth than the unimproved materials, and/or nitrogen (N) fertilization of 150 kg ha−1, once or twice during a rotation of 50–70 years. Compared to the baseline management regime, the use of improved seedlings, alone or together with N fertilization, increased timber production by up to 26–28 per cent and the NPV by up to 32–60 per cent over rotation lengths of 60–70 years, regardless of tree species (although more in spruce) or climate applied. The use of improved seedlings affected timber yield and NPV more than N fertilization. Minor climate change also increased these outcomes in Scots pine, but not in Norway spruce.

scholarly journals Effects of wind damage on the optimal management of boreal forests under current and changing climatic conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ane Zubizarreta-Gerendiain ◽  
Timo Pukkala ◽  
Heli Peltola
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Wind Damage ◽  
Timber Production ◽  
Optimal Management ◽  
Management Plans

This study presents a new method for considering the risk of wind damage in forest planning and for predicting the amount of damage and its effects on timber production, economic profitability and carbon balance of forestry. The effects of wind damage on the optimal management of boreal forests under current and changing climatic conditions were analyzed by comparing four forest management plans. A reference plan maximized net present value (NPV) with even-flow harvesting constraints. The second plan minimized height differences between adjacent stands, the third minimized height differences while simultaneously maximizing NPV, and the fourth maximized height differences between adjacent stands. To obtain damage-adjusted results, schedules that belonged to the optimal management plans were simulated with wind damage, taking into account the shelter provided by adjacent stands. Maximizing NPV and simultaneously minimizing height differences resulted in the highest damage-adjusted NPV. Increasing wind damage increased carbon balance of forest soil but decreased the total carbon balance of forestry as it decreased the carbon balances of living forest biomass and wood-based products. Climate change slightly improved the total carbon balance of forestry. If wind damage was ignored in calculations, NPV, total carbon balance of forestry, and timber production were overestimated.

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