Head CT Dose Examination for Adult Patient in Abuja and Keffi, Hospitals in Nigerian

This study has established local diagnostic reference levels (LDRLs). Dose report and scan parameters for the head was assessed during seven months at the three study centres. Data on CT Dose index (CTDIw) and dose length product (DLP) available and achieved on CT scanner control console was recorded for a minimum of 10 average-sized patients for each facility to establish a local Diagnostic reference level (LDRLs) and radiation dose optimization Data was collected using a purposive sampling technique, from 131 adult patients weighing 70±3kg) from Philip brilliance, Toshiba Alexion and General Electric (GE) CT scanners for this study. The collected data were analyzed using SPPSS version (20) statistical software. Third quartile values of the estimated LDRLs for CTDIw and DLP was determined as 49.8 mGy and 9639 mGy. The mean CTDIw obtained are lower to the reported data from the European Commission of 60mGy. The mean DLP are comparably lower than all the reported value from the European commission of 1050 mGy. Therefore, CT dose optimization is recommended.

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Abdominal CT Dose Examination for Adult Patient in Abuja and Keffi, Hospitals in Nigerian

Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports ◽

10.9734/ajarr/2020/v8i130191 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 36-44

Author(s):

U. Rilwan ◽

G. C. Onuchukwu ◽

L.K. Sabiu ◽

H. A. Abdullahi ◽

I. Umar

Keyword(s):

European Commission ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Reference Level ◽

Dose Optimization ◽

Ct Scanner ◽

Dose Length Product ◽

Ct Dose ◽

Control Console ◽

The Mean ◽

Reported Data

This study has established local diagnostic reference levels (LDRLs). Dose report and scan parameters for abdomen was assessed during the period of seven months at the three study centres. Data on CT Dose index (CTDIw) and dose length product (DLP) available and achieved on CT scanner control console was recorded for a minimum of 10 average sized patients for each facility to established a local Diagnostic reference level (LDRLs) and radiation dose optimization Data was collected using a purposive sampling technique, from 131 adult patients weighing 70±3 kg) from Philip brilliance, Toshiba Alexion and General Electric (GE) CT scanners for this study. Third quartile values of the estimated LDRLs for CTDIw and DLP was determined as 12.7 mGy and 560 mGy*cm. The mean CTDIw obtained are lower to the reported data from the European Commission of 35 mGy. The mean DLP are comparably lower than all the reported value from the European commission of 780 mGy/cm. Therefore, there is no any clinical implication and hence CT dose optimization is recommended.

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Chest CT Dose Examination for Adult Patient in Abuja and Keffi, Hospitals in Nigerian

Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports ◽

10.9734/ajarr/2020/v8i230193 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

U. Rilwan ◽

G. C. Onuchukwu ◽

I. Umar ◽

L. K. Sabiu ◽

H. A. Abdullahi

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

European Commission ◽

Single Photon ◽

Photon Emission ◽

Reference Level ◽

Dose Optimization ◽

Emission Computed Tomography ◽

Dose Length Product ◽

Ct Dose ◽

The Mean

The term "computed tomography" (CT) is often used to refer to X-ray CT, because it is the most commonly known form. But, many other types of CT exist, such as positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). This study was carried out in the north central part of Nigeria which includes Abuja and Keffi (Nasarawa State). This study has established local diagnostic reference levels (LDRLs). Dose report and scan parameters for chest was assessed during the period (January – July, 2016) of seven months at the three study centres (A, B and C in which two are located in Abuja and the other one (C) located in Keffi. Data on CT Dose index (CTDIw) and dose length product (DLP) available and achieved on CT scanner control console was recorded for a minimum of 10 average sized patients for each facility to established a local Diagnostic reference level (LDRLs) and radiation dose optimization Data was collected using a purposive sampling technique, from 131 adult patients weighing 70±3kg) from Philip brilliance, Toshiba Alexion and General Electric (GE) CT scanners for this study. Third quartile values of the estimated LDRLs for CTDIw and DLP was determined as 10.9 mGy and 432.8 mCy*cm. The mean CTDIw obtained are lower to the reported data from the European Commission of 30mGy. The mean DLP are comparably lower than all the reported value from the European commission of 650mGy/cm. Therefore, there is no any clinical implication and hence CT dose optimization is recommended.

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Establishment of diagnostic reference levels arising from common CT examinations in Semnan County, Iran

Polish Journal of Medical Physics and Engineering ◽

10.2478/pjmpe-2019-0008 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 51-55 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Daryoush Khoramian ◽

Soroush Sistani ◽

Peyman Hejazi

Keyword(s):

Cervical Spine ◽

The Other ◽

Reference Level ◽

Ct Scanner ◽

Dose Length Product ◽

Ct Dose ◽

Patient Doses ◽

Ct Dose Index ◽

Ct Scanners ◽

Dose Levels

Abstract Objective: The literature has approved that the use of the concept of diagnostic reference level (DRL) as a part of an optimization process could help to reduce patient doses in diagnostic radiology comprising the Computed Tomography (CT) examinations. There are four public/governmental CT centers in the province (Semnan, Iran) and, to our knowledge, after about 12 years since the launch of the first CT scanner in the province there is no dosimetry information on those CT scanners. The aim of this study was to evaluate CT dose indices with the aim of the establishment of the DRL for head, chest, cervical spine, and abdomen-pelvis examinations. Methods: Scan parameters of 381 patients were collected during two months from 4 CT scanners. The CT dose index (CTDI) was measured using a calibrated ionization chamber on two cylindrical poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) phantoms. For each sequences, weighted CTDI (CTDIw), volumetric CTDI (CTDIv) and dose length product (DLP) were calculated. The 75th percentile was proposed as the criterion for DRL values. Results: Proposed DRL (CTDIw, CTDIv, DLP) for the head, chest, cervical spine, and abdomen-pelvis were (46.1 mGy, 46.1 mGy, 723 mGy × cm), (13.8 mGy, 12.0 mGy, 377 mGy × cm), (40.0 mGy, 40.0 mGy, 572 mGy × cm) and (14.9 mGy, 12.1 mGy, 524 mGy × cm), respectively. Conclusion: Comparison with the others results from the other countries indicates that the head, chest and abdomen-pelvis scans in our region are lower or in the range of the other studies investigated in terms of dose. In the case of cervical spine scanning it’s necessary to review and regulate scan protocols to reach acceptable dose levels.

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Comparison of Radiation Dose in CT Examinations At PIMS with European Commission Reference Doses

Annals of PIMS-Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University ◽

10.48036/apims.v17i3.511 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 216-221

Author(s):

Fawad Yasin ◽

Anum Rasheed ◽

Muhammad Nauman Malik ◽

Farheen Raza ◽

Ramish Riaz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Radiation Dose ◽

European Commission ◽

Large Scale ◽

Radiology Department ◽

Radiation Doses ◽

Diagnostic Reference Levels ◽

Reference Levels ◽

Dose Length Product ◽

Ct Dose

OBJECTIVE - The purpose of this study was to assess the radiation dose levels from common computed tomography (CT) examinations performed in Radiology Department of Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), and evaluate these according to diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) proposed by European Commission (EC) guidelines, and thus contributing towards the establishment of local and national DRLs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of its kind to explore radiation doses from CT examinations in Pakistan. STUDY DESIGN - This was a quantitative study conducted at PIMS, Islamabad, spanning a duration of eight weeks. Scan parameters and dose profile data of 1506 adults undergoing examinations of head, neck, chest and abdomen-pelvis regions, comprising of single- and multi-phase, contrast-enhanced and unenhanced studies. Dose indicators utilized by EC guidelines for DRLs include volume CT dose index (CTDIvol) and Dose Length Product (DLP) for single slice and complete examination radiation doses, respectively. METHOD - Values of CTDIvol, DLP and scan lengths were extracted from the CT operators console. Other control variables included gender, contrast enhancement and phasicity of study. IBM SPSS package was used to obtain descriptive statistics such as mean and quartiles. RESULTS - DRLs calculated as 75th percentile of CTDIvol, DLP for various anatomical regions are by and far comparable to European DRLs. CONCLUSION – This study describes institutional diagnostic reference levels for common CT exams in Islamabad and provides benchmark values for future reference. Our DRL values are mostly comparable to European and international DRLs. Similar, albeit large scale, surveys are recommended for establishment of local and national DRLs, eventually contributing towards development of regional DRLs. KEYWORDS: CTDIvol, DLP, Diagnostic Reference Levels, Computed Tomography, Radiation Monitoring, Scan length

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Diagnostic Reference Level of Radiation Dose and Image Quality among Paediatric CT Examinations in A Tertiary Hospital in Malaysia

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics10080591 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 591

Author(s):

Nor Azura Muhammad ◽

Muhammad Khalis Abdul Karim ◽

Hasyma Abu Hassan ◽

Mazliana Ahmad Kamarudin ◽

Jeannie Hsiu Ding Wong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Image Quality ◽

Age Groups ◽

Reference Level ◽

P Value ◽

Age Group ◽

Dose Length Product ◽

Diagnostic Quality ◽

Noise Index ◽

Ct Dose ◽

Ct Brain

Pediatrics are more vulnerable to radiation and are prone to dose compared to adults, requiring more attention to computed tomography (CT) optimization. Hence, diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) have been implemented as part of optimization process in order to monitor CT dose and diagnostic quality. The noise index has recently been endorsed to be included as a part of CT optimization in the DRLs report. In this study, we have therefore set local DRLs for pediatric CT examination with a noise index as an indicator of image quality. One thousand one hundred and ninety-two (1192) paediatric patients undergoing CT brain, CT thorax and CT chest-abdomen-pelvis (CAP) examinations were analyzed retrospectively and categorized into four age groups; group 1 (0–1 year), group 2 (1–5 years), group 3 (5–10 years) and group 4 (10–15 years). For each group, data such as the volume-weighted CT dose index (CTDIvol), dose-length product (DLP) and the effective dose (E) were calculated and DRLs for each age group set at 50th percentile were determined. Both CT dose and image noise values between age groups have differed significantly with p-value < 0.05. The highest CTDIvol and DLP values in all age groups with the lowest noise index value reported in the 10–15 age group were found in CT brain examination. In conclusion, there was a significant variation in doses and noise intensity among children of different ages, and the need to change specific parameters to fit the clinical requirement.

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PATIENT DOSE SURVEY BASED ON SIZE-SPECIFIC DOSE ESTIMATE AND ACCEPTABLE QUALITY DOSE IN CHEST AND ABDOMEN/PELVIS CT EXAMINATIONS

Radiation Protection Dosimetry ◽

10.1093/rpd/ncy288 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 185 (2) ◽

pp. 176-182

Author(s):

Ali Mehdipour ◽

Masoumeh Parsi ◽

Faezeh-Sadat Khorram

Keyword(s):

Optimization Methods ◽

Patient Dose ◽

Dose Optimization ◽

Standard Size ◽

Dose Length Product ◽

Dose Estimate ◽

Ct Dose ◽

Acceptable Quality ◽

Patient Size ◽

Patient Doses

Abstract The practical aspects of two recently developed patient dose optimization methods in computed tomography (CT) examinations, size-specific dose estimate (SSDE) and acceptable quality dose (AQD), were verified for the chest and abdomen/pelvis examinations. A dose survey was performed in a CT institute by considering patients lateral diameter, weight and body mass index (BMI). The AQD tables for weight and BMI groups and SSDE threshold curves were obtained. The mean of volume CT dose index and dose length product for standard-size patients were compared with the national diagnostic reference levels (NDRLs) of Iran. The results show that patient doses are below the NDRLs. It is more reliable to report the AQDs based on SSDE and for BMI groups which can well take into account patient size in the dose optimization process. The SSDE threshold curves can be determined with more precision by including dose data of all possible sizes in the curves.

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Estimation of effective dose from CT scanning using dose length product in a Nepalese hospital

Radiography Open ◽

10.7577/radopen.3565 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 56-63

Author(s):

Pooja Shah

Keyword(s):

Ct Scan ◽

Effective Dose ◽

Ct Scanning ◽

Reference Level ◽

Radiation Doses ◽

Reference Levels ◽

Contrast Imaging ◽

Dose Length Product ◽

Effective Doses ◽

The Mean

Keywords: Effective dose, Dose Length Product, Computed Tomography Dose Indexvolume, Dose Reference Level AbstractAim: The aim of this study was to estimate the effective doses from CT scans using DoseLength Product (DLP) in a Nepalese hospital.Materials and methods: This prospective study was conducted in 150 patients above 18years of age who were referred for CT scan of head, chest and abdomen. The CT scan wasperformed on a 128 slice multi detector scanner. All the subjects who met the inclusioncriteria were included in the study. Following the non-contrast imaging phases of the head,chest and abdomen CTDIvol, DLP, kVp and pitch were recorded for each patient from theconsole display of the scanner. The effective dose was calculated for each examination usingDLP which were graphically analyzed and correlated with the age of the patient.Results: The study showed the mean CTDIvol for head, chest and abdomen to be 53.95±4.83mGy, 5.28±1.17 mGy and 11.15±2.71 mGy respectively along with mean DLP to be923.52±71.11 mGycm, 229.32±48.70 mGycm and 517.02±148.32 mGycm respectively. Usingthese values, the mean effective doses were calculated and found to be 1.93±0.14 mSv,3.20±0.68 mSv and 7.75±2.19 mSv respectively.Conclusion: The calculated effective dose values were lower than in other studies for CTexaminations of chest and abdomen while higher or similar for CT examination of head. Theresults of this survey could motivate other researchers to investigate the radiation doses inother hospitals and help establish national diagnostic reference levels.

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Validation of a Locally Designed Computed Tomography Dose Phantom: A Comparison Study with a Standard Acrylic Phantom in South-South, Nigeria

Journal of Global Radiology ◽

10.7191/jgr.2021.1118 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Anwuli Christiana Tobi ◽

Chukwuka Emmanuel Mokobia ◽

Joyce Ekeme Ikubor ◽

Akintayo Daniel Omojola

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cylindrical Shape ◽

Correction Factors ◽

Energy Agency ◽

Dose Length Product ◽

Ct Dose ◽

Volume Computed Tomography ◽

The Mean ◽

Computed Tomography Dose Index ◽

Dose Measurements

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the mean volume computed tomography dose index (CTDIvol) for the standard head and body phantoms and locally designed head and body phantoms respectively. Similarly, this study determined and compared the displayed mean CTDIvol and Dose Length Product (DLP) for the above phantoms from the CT monitor. In addition, the percentage deviations of both phantoms were compared with the recommended limits from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the American College of Radiologists (ACR). Materials and Methods: Dose measurements were made using a standard polymethymethacrylate (PMMA) phantom for head and body as well as a locally designed phantom with four CT scanners using thermoluminescence dosimeters (TLDs). The locally designed phantoms were made using a PMMA sheet, which was bent to give the desired cylindrical shape and was made like the standard phantoms. The constructed phantom was filled with water and the TLD chips were inserted into the center and peripheries of the phantoms to obtain the absorbed doses. Results: The CTDIvol for the standard head and body phantom for center A was 66.97 and 21.85mGy and for B was 23.39 and 6.29mGy respectively. Similarly, the CTDIvol for the constructed head and body phantom for center A was 63.91 and 19.84mGy and for B was 24.67 and 6.30mGy respectively. The uncertainty between the standard and constructed head phantoms for centers A and B was 4.6 and 5.5% respectively, while that of the standard and constructed body phantoms for centers A and B was 9.2 and 0.0% respectively. The maximum percent deviation from the console CTDIvol and DLP values with the four phantoms for centers A and B was within ±20%. The mean correction factors for the head and body were 0.998 and 1.05 respectively. Conclusion: The uncertainties obtained in this study were within the IAEA and ACR recommended value of ±20%. The constructed phantom proved useful for CT dose measurements.

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VOLUME CT DOSE INDEX AND DOSE-LENGTH PRODUCT VALUES ACCORDING TO FACILITY SIZE IN JAPAN

Radiation Protection Dosimetry ◽

10.1093/rpd/ncz284 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 188 (2) ◽

pp. 261-269

Author(s):

Yuta Matsunaga ◽

Yuya Kondo ◽

Kenichi Kobayashi ◽

Masanao Kobayashi ◽

Kazuyuki Minami ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Contrast Agent ◽

Ct Scanner ◽

Dose Length Product ◽

Ct Dose ◽

Volume Computed Tomography ◽

Ct Dose Index ◽

Computed Tomography Dose Index ◽

Facility Size ◽

Dose Index

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate differences in volume computed tomography dose index (CTDIvol) and dose-length product (DLP) values according to facility size in Japan. A questionnaire survey was sent to 3000 facilities throughout Japan. Data from each facility were collected including bed number, computed tomography (CT) scan parameters employed and the CTDIvol and/or DLP values displayed on the CT scanner during each examination. The CTDIvol and DLP for 11 adult and 6 paediatric CT examinations were surveyed. Comparison of CTDIvol and DLP values of each examination according to facility size revealed key differences in CT dose between small and large facilities. This study highlights the importance of lowering the dose of coronary artery examination with contrast agent in smaller facilities and of lowering the dose of adult and paediatric head CT without contrast agent in larger facilities. The results of this study are valid in Japan.

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PENINGKATAN KUALITAS HIDUP MELALUI LOGOTERAPI PADA KLIEN YANG MENJALANI HEMODIALISIS

Jurnal Keperawatan ◽

10.32583/keperawatan.v11i1.425 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 9-18

Author(s):

Abdul Wakhid ◽

Ana Puji Astuti ◽

Maya Kurnia Dewi

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Renal Failure ◽

Test Group ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

T Test ◽

P Value ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Post Test ◽

The Mean

Logoterapi merupakan terapi untuk menemukan makna positif dibalik sebuah kejadian yang tidak diharapkan. Logoterapi dilaksanakan secara individu maupun berkelompok dalam bentuk konseling dan berorientasi pada pencarian makna hidup individu. Tujuan logoterapi meningkatkan makna pengalaman hidup individu yang diarahkan kepada pengambilan keputusan yang bertanggung jawab. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan rancangan pre-experiment dengan metode pre and post test group, artinya pengumpulan data dilakukan terhadap responden untuk membandingkan kualitas hidup sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan intervensi. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode total sampling yaitu pengambilan seluruh sampel dengan tetap memperhatikan kriteria yang telah ditetapkan. Jumlah pasien yang menjalani hemodialisis di RSUD Ungaran sebanyak 21 orang dan di RSUD Ambarawa sebanyak 25 pasien. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji t test dependent. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa dari 46 responden didapatkan rata-rata skor kualitas hidup pasien yang mejalani hemodialisis sebesar 60.22 dengan skor terrendah 55 dan skor tertinggi 69. Bahwa dari 46 responden didapatkan rata-rata skor kualitas hidup pasien yang mejalani hemodialisis sebesar 88.72 dengan skor terrendah 79 dan skor tertinggi 103. Hasil uji statistik dengan uji t test dependent diketahui ada pengaruh logoterapi terhadap kemampuan memaknai hidup pada klien yang menjalani hemodialisis di RSUD Kabupaten Semarang (p value: 0,0001). Saran perlunya peningkatan kemampuan perawat dalam memberikan layanan kesehatan termasuk pemberian atau pemanduan penemuan makna hidup bagi pasien hemodialysis, agar selain dengan hemodialysis, ada faktor internal dari pasien yang dapat dijadikan sebagai motivasi untuk sembuh dari penyakit. Kata Kunci: Logoterapi, kualitas hidup IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENTS WITH RENAL FAILURE WHO UNDERWENT HEMODIALYSIS ABSTRACT Logotherapy is a therapy to discover the positive meaning behind an unexpected event. Logotherapy is carried out individually or in groups in the form of counseling and oriented to the search for the meaning of individual life. This study aims to improve the quality of life of patients with renal failure who underwent hemodialysis. This research was conducted by using pre-experiment with pre-post test study. The sampling technique was done by the convenience sampling. The number of patients undergoing hemodialysis as many as 46 respondents. Data analysis was done by using test t test dependent. The result showed that from 46 respondents got the mean of quality of life of patients who had hemodialysis 60.22 with lowest score 55 and highest score 69. Whereas from 46 respondents got the mean score of life quality of patients who had hemodialysis 88.72 with score the lowest score 79 and the highest score 103. The result of statistical test with t test dependent is known there is influence of logoterapi to the ability of meaningful life on client who undergo hemodialysis at Semarang Regency hospitals (p value: 0.0001). Advice on the need to improve the nurse's ability to provide health services, including the provision or guidance of the discovery of the meaning of life for hemodialysis patients, in addition to hemodialysis, there are internal factors of the patient that can be used as a motivation to recover from illness. Keywords: Logotherapy, quality of life, kidney failure.

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