scholarly journals Cytogenotoxicity Assessment of Aqueous Extracts of Rauvolfia vomitoria (Apocynaceae) on the Male Germ Line Cells of the Pest Grasshopper Zonocerus variegatus (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae)

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-31
Author(s):  
Dongmo Tonleu Ingrid ◽  
Seino Richard Akwanjoh ◽  
Ngnaniyyi Abdoul ◽  
Manjeli Yacouba
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Zonocerus Variegatus ◽  
Male Germ Line ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Complement Number ◽  
Rauvolfia Vomitoria

Cytogenotoxic effects of aqueous extracts of Rauvolfia vomitoria Afzel (Apocynaceae) stem bark were assessed on male germ line cells of the grasshopper Zonocerus variegatus. Concentrations of 0, 10, 15 and 20 µg/ml of infused and macerated aqueous extracts of R. vomitoria were prepared and administered through injection to the grasshoppers. Grasshoppers were dissected after 72 hours of incubation and the different parameters were then evaluated. Results revealed significant (p < 0.05) reduction of the length and the width of testis follicles with increasing concentrations of the two aqueous plant extracts. Meiosis analysis revealed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in meiotic abnormalities with increasing concentrations of the two aqueous plant extracts. Infused and macerated aqueous extracts of R. vomitoria at different concentrations did not modify the karyotype of Z. variegatus. Cyclophosphamide (CP) induced chromosomes aberrations and significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the mean chromosomes complement number which ranged from 2n= 19.00 ± 0.00 (controlled individuals) to 2n= 17.60 ± 1.82 (CP treated individuals). These observations indicate that infused and macerated aqueous extracts of R. vomitoria stem bark could induced cytogenotoxicity on the germ line cells of the grasshopper Z. variegatus. These results also confirm the utilization of CP as positive control in chromosomes aberration assays on grasshoppers.

Efficacy of certain plant extracts against seed-borne infection of Trichoconiella padwickii in paddy (Oryza sativa)

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 1956-1958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudheer A. Shetty ◽  
H. S. Prakash ◽  
H. Shekara Shetty
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Seed Extracts

Aqueous extracts of leaves, bark, stems, and seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica L., bulbs of Allium sativum L., rhizome of Zingiber officinale Rasc., leaves of Ocimum basilicum L., and fruits of Azadirachta indica A. Juss were used to control Trichoconiella padwickii (Ganguly) Jain in seeds of paddy (Oryza sativa L.). The seeds were soaked in 10, 20, and 30% extracts (w/v) for 12, 24, and 48 h. All the extracts had significant inhibitory effects on the fungus. Stem, bark, and seed extracts (20% w/v) of S. nux-vomica were more effective than other plant extracts and 0.3% of Mancozeb in controlling the fungus. None of the plant extracts were phytotoxic at the tested concentrations.

scholarly journals Insecticidal Activity of Ageratum conyzoides (Asteraceae) Aqueous Extracts against the Grasshopper Zonocerus variegatus (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae)

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Dongmo Tonleu Ingrid ◽  
Seino Richard Akwanjoh ◽  
Manjeli Yacouba
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Insecticidal Activity ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Zonocerus Variegatus ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Male Mortality ◽  
Percent Mortality

Ageratum conyzoides (Asteraceae) is an annual plant with insecticidal activity against some insect pests. The present study was designed to evaluate the insecticidal activity of aqueous extracts (infusion and maceration) of A. conyzoides against the pest grasshopper Zonocerus variegatus (Orthoptera, Pyrgomorphidae). Concentrations of 0, 10, 30, 100 & 300 µg/ml were prepared and administrated through injection to grasshoppers. Mortality rate was recorded for adult grasshoppers each day until the 9th day of treatment. Results revealed a significant increase (p < 0.05) of mortality rate with increasing concentrations of the two plant extracts. Plant extracts at 300 µg/ml induced 100.00 ± 0.00 percent mortality of adults Z. variegatus after 4 and 5 days for A. conyzoides infusion and maceration respectively. No mortality was registered after treatment with 0 & 10 µg/ml of the two plant extracts. Male mortality rate tended to be higher than that of female at the same concentration. Also, infusion tended to significantly increase (p < 0.05) mortality rate than maceration at the same concentration. Phytochemicals screening have shown that the presence of saponins, tannins, triterpenoids and alkaloids in the A. conyzoides aqueous extracts may be responsible for the insecticidal activity of this plant. These phytochemicals may therefore be exploited and serve as suitable alternatives to synthetic insecticides against the grasshopper Z. variegatus.

Effect of Silver Nanoparticles on SRC Activity in Male Germ-line Stem Cells

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura K. Braydich-Stolle ◽  
Saber Hussain ◽  
John J. Schlager ◽  
Marie-Claude Hofmann
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Male Germ Line

RADHA - a new male germ line-specific chromosomal protein of Drosophila

Chromosoma ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 235-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry R. Harhangi ◽  
Xiaoping Sun ◽  
Ya Xian Wang ◽  
Anna Akhmanova ◽  
Koos Miedema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Line ◽  
Chromosomal Protein ◽  
Male Germ Line

scholarly journals Mutagenicity evaluation of Anastatica hierochuntica L. aqueous extract in vitro and in vivo

2017 ◽  
Vol 243 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Rosmani Md Zin ◽  
Zahurin Mohamed ◽  
Mohammed A Alshawsh ◽  
Won F Wong ◽  
Normadiah M Kassim
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
In Vitro Assay ◽  
In Vivo Study ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Mutagenic Potential ◽  
Vitro Assay

Anastatica hierochuntica L. ( A. hierochuntica), a folk medicinal plant, was evaluated for mutagenic potential via in vitro and in vivo assays. The in vitro assay was conducted according to modified Ames test, while the in vivo study was performed according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development guideline for mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus assay. Four groups ( n= 5 males and 5 females per group) Sprague Dawley rats were randomly chosen as the negative control, positive control (received a single intramuscular injection of cyclophosphamide 50 mg/kg), 1000 and, 2000 mg/kg A. hierochuntica aqueous extracts. All groups except the positive control were treated orally for three days. Findings of the in vitro assay showed mutagenic potential of AHAE at 0.04 and 0.2 mg/ml. However, no mutagenic effect was demonstrated in the in vivo study up to 2000 mg/kg. No significant reduction in the polychromatic and normochromatic erythrocytes ratio was noted in any of the groups. Meanwhile, high micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes frequency was seen in cyclophosphamide-treated group only. These findings could perhaps be due to insufficient dosage of A. hierochuntica aqueous extracts to cause genetic damage on the bone marrow target cells. Further acute and chronic in vivo toxicity studies may be required to draw pertinent conclusion on the safety aspect of A. hierochuntica aqueous extracts consumption. Impact statement In this paper, we report on the mutagenicity evaluation of Anastatica hierochuntica aqueous extract. This is a significant research in view of the popularity of this herb consumption by the people across the globe despite of limited scientific evidence on its toxicity potential. This study is intended to encourage more extensive related research in order to provide sufficient evidence and guidance for determining its safe dosage.

Differentiating the Male Germ Line

Science ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 310 (5749) ◽  
pp. 741.13-741
Keyword(s):  
Germ Line ◽  
Male Germ Line
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