scholarly journals Effect of Variety and Planting Arrangement on Weed Control and Yield Performance of Transplanted Aman Rice

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-37
Author(s):  
Vashkar Adhikary ◽  
Mehedi Hasan ◽  
Ashraful Alam Fakir ◽  
Sonia Sultana ◽  
Md. Moshiur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Spad Value ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Plot Design

An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during June to November 2016 in order to find out the effect of variety and planting arrangement on weed control and yield performance of transplanted Aman rice. The experiment consisted of four varieties viz., Binadhan-7, Binadhan-12, Binadhan-17 and Binadhan-16 and five planting arrangement viz. 25cm × 20cm, 25cm × 15cm, 20cm × 20cm, 20cm × 15cm and 15cm × 15cm. The experiment was laid out in Split Plot Design with three replications. Results indicated that the highest weed density (90.93 m-2), weed biomass (131.87 gm-2), leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD value) (40.02), sterile spikelets panicle-1 (76.86) ,% sterility panicle-1 (28.66), grain yield (4.51 t ha-1) and straw yield (4.63 t ha-1) were obtained from Binadhan-17. The variety Binadhan-7 showed the best performance in respect of number of total tillers hill-1 (11.06), number of effective tillers hill-1 (10.12) compared to the other varieties used in the study. The highest leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD value) (36.48), plant height (99.72 cm), panicle length (22.03 cm), number of total tillers hill-1 (10.21) and number of effective tillers hill-1 (9.45) were found at 25 cm × 20 cm planting arrangement. The highest grain yield (4.31 t ha-1) was recorded from 20cm × 15cm planting arrangement. The interaction between variety and planting arrangement showed numerically higher grain yield (5.38 t ha-1) from Binadhan-7 at 20cm × 15cm planting arrangement, whereas the lowest grain yield (2.61 t ha-1) was achieved from the variety Binadhan-12 at 15cm × 15cm planting arrangement. It can be concluded that Binadhan-7 at 20cm × 15cm planting arrangement may be used for achieving the best yield with less weed interference in Aman season.

scholarly journals Association of leaf chlorophyll content with the stay-green trait and grain yield in wheat grown under heat stress conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandan Roy ◽  
Tirthartha Chattopadhyay ◽  
Rakesh Deo Ranjan ◽  
Wahid Ul Hasan ◽  
Abhishek Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Spad Value ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Breeding Programmes

Heat stress is a major production constraint of wheat in South Asia, particularly in the Gangetic plains of India and Bangladesh. The leaf chlorophyll status is a key determinant for a high rate of photosynthesis under stress. The present experiments included 238 genotypes in 2016–2017 and 321 genotypes in 2017–2018 under optimum and under heat stress conditions. Subsequently, a set of 100 genotypes selected on basis of the heat susceptibility index was evaluated in 2018–2019 under heat stress conditions to study the relationship between important physiological traits and yield under stress. A significant correlation of soil plant analysis development (SPAD) value of the two upper leaves with stay-green trait and grain yield indicates the importance of chlorophyll content, both in flag and penultimate leaf, in maintaining leaf areas under greenness (LAUG) and grain yield under heat stress. The SPAD in the flag and penultimate leaf was responsible for 8.8% and 10.9%, respectively, of the variation in grain yield. For the stay-green trait, 8.4% and 7.2 % of the variation was governed by the SPAD value in the flag and penultimate leaf, respectively. These results suggest that, in addition to the flag leaf, the chlorophyll status of the penultimate leaf can be an important criterion for the selection of superior wheat genotypes under heat stress. The genotypes SW-139; SW 108; DWR-F8-35-9-1; NHP-F8-130; DWR-F8-3-1 that maintained a high chlorophyll content in the flag and penultimate leaf can be used further in breeding programmes addressing heat resistance in wheat.

scholarly journals Evaluation of exotic wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes for heat tolerance on the basis of physiological phenotyping

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-463
Author(s):  
Kaji Md. Wayaz Hossain ◽  
Sharif Ar Raffi
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Canopy Temperature Depression ◽  
Membrane Thermostability ◽  
Temperature Depression

Plant physiological parameters such as membrane thermostability, canopy temperature depression, leaf chlorophyll content and yield related traits like no. of spikelets per spike, no. of grains per spike, 200-grain weight and grain yield of 18 wheat genotypes were carried out to assess for heat tolerance. Performances of all the genotypes were found to have significant differences for all the traits except canopy temperature depression. But, canopy temperature depression with some other traits like leaf chlorophyll content, no. of grains per spike, 200-grain weight and grain yield per plant demonstrated significant differences when it grown in heat stress condition. In general, genotypes with higher leaf chlorophyll content and enhanced membrane thermostability demonstrated higher 200-grain weight or grain yield. Besides, in spite of having heat tolerant traits, several genotypes performed poor due to their poor genotypic potential. The present investigation has successfully isolated several genotypes viz. H024, H023, H022 and H018 with desirable traits related to heat tolerance based on overall performance while grown under heat stress. These genotypes can be used as gene source for future breeding program to improve heat tolerance of the local wheat cultivars. J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 16(3): 457–463, December 2018

Response of Corn Genotypes to Weed Interference and Nitrogen in Nigeria

Weed Science ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 424-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Chikoye ◽  
Ayeoffe F. Lum ◽  
Robert Abaidoo ◽  
Abebe Menkir ◽  
Alpha Kamara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Free Treatment ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
N Rates ◽  
N Pool

The effects of nitrogen (N) rate and weed interference on the grain yield of four corn genotypes were investigated in 2002 and 2003 at Ikenne (7°38′N, 3°42′E), Shika (11°11′N, 7°38′E), and Samaru (10°24′N, 7°42′E) in Nigeria. Nitrogen (N) at 0, 30, 60, and 90 kg N ha−1were the main plot treatments. Weed-free (weeded weekly), low (intrarow weeds only), and high (zero weeding) weed pressure were the subplot treatments. Four corn genotypes (ACR8328 BN C7, Low-N-Pool C2, Oba Super II, TZB-SR) were the sub-subplot treatments. Weed density was higher at Shika and Samaru than at Ikenne, and the order of average weed biomass 8 to 10 weeks after planting was Samaru (271 g m−2) > Ikenne (236 g m−2) > Shika (161 g m−2). Corn genotype and N rate had no effect on weed biomass except at Samaru where fertilized treatments had higher weed biomass than the unfertilized treatments. Corn leaf area (LA) increased with increasing N rate at all locations regardless of weed pressure and genotype, except at Shika where ACR8328 BN C7, Oba Super II, and TZB-SR did not show any clear N response; LA was highest in the weed-free and lowest in the unfertilized treatments for all genotypes and locations, and weed pressure treatments. Low-N-Pool C2had the highest LA, which was 1.3 times larger than in Oba Super II, which had the lowest LA. Nitrogen rate, weed pressure, and genotypes significantly affected corn leaf chlorophyll content. Chlorophyll content was higher in the fertilized treatments than the unfertilized treatments, and higher in the weed-free treatments than the low or high weed pressure treatments. ACR8328 BN C7and Oba Super II had significantly more chlorophyll than the other genotypes. Low-N-Pool C2showed a linear grain yield response with the increase in N rates. ACR8328 BN C7did not respond to N application. Compared with the results in the weed-free treatment, high weed pressure reduced grain yield in all genotypes by more than 65% at Samaru, 50% at Shika, and 35% at Ikenne.

scholarly journals Genetic Analysis of Cadmium Tolerance And Exploring Its Inheritance Nature In Bread Wheat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan A. Awaad ◽  
Ahmed M. Alzohairy ◽  
Amgad M. Morsy ◽  
Ehab S.A. Moustafa ◽  
Elsayed Mansour
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Cd Tolerance ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll

Abstract Cadmium (Cd) is a nonessential and extremely toxic element that destructively impacts agricultural production. Accordingly, developing tolerant-Cd as well as low-grain Cd genotypes is considered a promising approach to cope with the pollution problem. The current study aimed at understanding inheritance nature of Cd tolerance and detect Cd-tolerant and low-grain Cd genotypes in bread wheat. Six parents were selected based on their Cd tolerance and were genotyped using triple-RAPD and ISSR markers to investigate their genetic diversity. The selected parents were crossed and the realized F1s were selfed to produce F2 populations and were backcrossed with their own parents to produce BC1 and BC2 populations. Six populations for each cross comprised P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1 and BC2 were evaluated in two adjacent experiments under non-Cd stressed and Cd-stressed conditions. Significant positive relative and standard heterosis were detected for flag leaf area, leaf chlorophyll content, proline content, Cd concentration and grain yield/plant under Cd-stressed condition. Dominance gene effect was more pronounced in controlling the evaluated traits in most cases. F values coupled with F/√H×D ratio were positive for Cd concentration and Cd sensitivity index in the three crosses under both conditions. Heritability estimates from offspring regression were high (< 50%) for flag leaf area, leaf chlorophyll content, proline content, Cd concentration while, moderately low for grain yield/plant and Cd sensitivity index. Prediction results revealed to high transgressive segregates and exceeding F1 with best-inbred line (P max) that have all favorable alleles were obtained from 3rd cross for flag leaf area, low Cd concentration and Cd sensitivity index under Cd-stressed conditions.

scholarly journals Determination of barley nitrogen status with chlorophyll meter for high β-amylase in grains

1995 ◽  
Vol 4 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 495-501
Author(s):  
Jari Peltonen ◽  
Ari Virtanen ◽  
Jaakko Helenius ◽  
Juha Suopelto ◽  
Kari Kittilä ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Chlorophyll Meter ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll

The production of β-amylase is of great importance in two-rowed spring barley cv. Kymppi (Hordeum vulgare L.) in the Finland, where long-day conditions favour high enzyme activities. Nitrogen (N) fertilization of a crop is the main means of manipulating barley β-amylase activity for industrial purposes. In this study, leaf chlorophyll content determined with a portable chlorophyll meter (Minolta SPAD-502) in the field, was used to predict N availability of cv. Kymppi for β-amylase production. Critical chlorophyll meter readings (SPAD values) were calculated from data deriving from experiments with various N fertilizer levels using the Cate-Nelson procedure. According to the results of this study it can be stated that the critical SPAD values at pollination (i.e. pollen grains on well-developed stigmatic hairs, GS 52-58) are 37 SPAD units for grain yield and 41 SPAD units for β-amylase activity. The optimum grain yield occurred at 41 SPAD units and optimum P-amylase activity was reached at 45 SPAD units. Determination of leaf chlorophyll content using the chlorophyll meter led to more appropriate fertilizer application recommendations and subsequently increased β-amylase activity in grains. Grain protein concentration could be an effective diagnostic tool for post-harvest evaluation of grain β-amylase activity in cv. Kymppi.

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