Evaporation of Heavy Crude Oil in Soil

Heavy crude oil spillage on soil threatens productivity and affects the natural biota of the ecosystem. Evaporation is an important parameter increases crude oil density, viscosity and fraction of lower molecular weight substances which reduce its infiltration into the soil and groundwater. The evaporation of heavy crude oil showed API of 21.5, viscosity of 15mm2/s, density 0.8952 g/cm3, pour point of 11.37. The crude oil was exposed to solar radiation for 35 days. The percentage reduction in mass of the crude oil and temperature on five day interval showed 8.22(38OC) on day 0, on day 5 was 8.13(34oC), on day 10 was 5.92(39oC), on day 15 was 5.38(39oC), on day 20 was 3.16(37oC), on day 25 was 2.94(31oC), on day 20 was 2.56 (41oC) and on day 35 was 1.79(38oC). The lighter molecules evaporated first leaving the heavier molecules behind causing a reduction in the rate of evaporation with time. This analysis will be provide insight to modelling oil spill in terrestrial ecosystem.

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Application of polymethacrylate from waste organic glass as a pour point depressor in heavy crude oil

Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering ◽

10.1016/j.petrol.2017.12.041 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 165 ◽

pp. 1049-1053 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Gang Chen ◽

Weihua Yuan ◽

Fan Zhang ◽

Xuefan Gu ◽

Weichao Du ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Oil ◽

Pour Point ◽

Organic Glass ◽

Heavy Crude Oil ◽

Heavy Crude

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A study on cashew nut shell liquid as a bio-based flow improver for heavy crude oil

Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology ◽

10.1007/s13202-021-01162-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 2287-2297

Author(s):

Sivakumar Pandian ◽

Patel Chintan Dahyalal ◽

Shanker Krishna ◽

S. Hari ◽

Deepalakshmi Subramanian

Keyword(s):

Crude Oil ◽

Pour Point ◽

Optimum Dose ◽

Heavy Crude Oil ◽

Cashew Nut Shell Liquid ◽

Remarkable Improvement ◽

Cashew Nut ◽

Heavy Crude ◽

Cashew Nut Shell ◽

Flow Improver

AbstractTransportation of heavy crude oil through pipelines poses a great challenge in oil and gas industry. Crude oil chokes the pipelines when the temperature drops below the pour-point temperature. In the present study, a bio-based additive, i.e., Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) has been tested as a flow improver for heavy crude. CNSL was obtained from waste cashew nut shell by means of mechanical extraction, and it was completely characterized. Similarly, the crude oil used in the study was characterized for its physio-chemical properties. Also, the crude oil was subjected to Saturates, Aromatics, Resins and Asphaltene analysis and Fourier Transform Infra-Red analysis. The raw and additive-treated crude oil with different CNSL dosages were subjected to pour-point and rheology measurements and optical micro-imaging analysis which indicated a remarkable improvement in flow whereby an optimum dose of 2000 ppm was observed. Furthermore, the effects of different parameters like shear rate, concentration of the flow improver and the effect of temperature on the crude oil flowability were studied. The process variables were optimized by means of Taguchi method, and the percentage contribution of each parameter was identified with the help of ANOVA table. The results indicate that a remarkable improvement in flow was observed at an optimum dose of 2000 ppm. The contribution of the concentration was found to be around 53%, whereas the contributions of the shear rate and the temperature were only 18.08 and 28.91%, respectively. Therefore, it has been observed that CNSL flow improvers extracted from cheap reasonable resources are more effective as they are cost-effective and eco-friendly when compared to conventional additives.

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The Impact of CO2Injection and Pressure Changes on Asphaltene Molecular Weight Distribution in a Heavy Crude Oil: An Experimental Study

Petroleum Science and Technology ◽

10.1080/10916460903226155 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 28 (17) ◽

pp. 1728-1739

Author(s):

M. Sadeqimoqadam ◽

H. Firoozinia ◽

R. Kharrat ◽

M. H. Ghazanfari

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Experimental Study ◽

Crude Oil ◽

Molecular Weight Distribution ◽

Weight Distribution ◽

Heavy Crude Oil ◽

Heavy Crude ◽

Pressure Changes ◽

The Impact

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Investigating the Viscosity Reduction of Ultra-Heavy Crude Oil Using Hydrocarbon Soluble Low Molecular Weight Compounds to Improve Oil Production and Transportation

10.2118/193677-ms ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Sherif Fakher ◽

Abdulmohsin Imqam ◽

Ehab Wanas

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Crude Oil ◽

Oil Production ◽

Viscosity Reduction ◽

Heavy Crude Oil ◽

Low Molecular Weight ◽

Low Molecular Weight Compounds ◽

Heavy Crude

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Effect of Changing Crude Oil Grade on Slug Characteristics and Flow Induced Mechanical Stresses in Pipes

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11115215 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 5215

Author(s):

Mohamed Elfaki ◽

Mohammad Shakir Nasif ◽

Masdi Muhammad

Keyword(s):

Crude Oil ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Superficial Velocity ◽

Heavy Crude Oil ◽

Translational Velocity ◽

Structure Interaction ◽

Inner Surface ◽

Induced Stresses ◽

Heavy Crude ◽

Oil Density

Slug multiphase flow is known to be the most prevalent regime because of its extensive encounters associated with chaotic behaviour, complexity and instability that cause significant fluctuations in operating conditions and thus lead to undesirable effects. In this study, the effect of varying crude oil grades on slug characteristics is numerically investigated. A partitioned one-way coupling framework of fluid–structure interaction (FSI) one-way coupling framework is adopted to investigate the influence of changing oil grades and slug characteristics on the maximum induced stresses in horizontal carbon steel pipe. It was found that increasing crude oil density causes frequent slugging and promotes the formation of liquid slugs further upstream near the inlet with high translational velocity and short wavelength. Therefore, the maximum induced stresses resulting from the interaction between slugs and the inner surface of pipes are strongly dependent on crude oil grade. In modelling extra heavy crude oil, a 40% increase in maximum induced stresses is recorded when the liquid superficial velocity decreases from 1 to 0.86 m/s at a constant natural gas superficial velocity.

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