Frailty Models for Predicting Eruption Time and Sequence of Permanent Dentition in Sri Lankan Children

The main goal of this study is to create a suitable model to predict the tooth eruption pattern of Sri Lankan children. Also, we identify the relationship between variables associated with eruption sequence, compare the eruption sequence between sexes, compare the eruption sequences between upper and lower jaws, identifying common polymorphisms of tooth eruption sequences of children and determine the frequencies of occurrence of emergence polymorphisms for different tooth pairs. This analysis was performed using the data of the extent of tooth eruption of all 28 teeth at 10 different time points in each year. Welch two-sample t-test was used to identify the relationship between variables associated with eruption sequence. Frailty models and Cox-Proportional Hazard models developed for each tooth type separately and the model selection procedures Akaike information criterion (AIC), Bayesian information criterion (BIC) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values are measured for each model. Since Gamma Frailty models have the smallest AIC and BIC for seven types of tooth which divide according to the eruption stage of the each tooth, we choose Gamma Frailty models as the best predictor for the tooth eruption. There is a significant difference between the eruption pattern of gender and jaw associated with time. However, no significant difference between sides associated with the eruption sequence was observed.

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Changing the zinc:iron ratio in a cereal-based nutritional supplement has no effect on percent absorption of iron and zinc in Sri Lankan children

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114509992728 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 103 (7) ◽

pp. 1015-1022 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Manjula Hettiarachchi ◽

Chandrani Liyanage ◽

David Hilmers ◽

Ian Griffin ◽

Steven A. Abrams

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Supplement ◽

Nutrition Intervention ◽

Sri Lankan ◽

Molar Ratios ◽

Sri Lankan Children ◽

Fe Content ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Zn Content ◽

Iron And Zinc ◽

Percent Absorption

The Thriposha programme is a community-level nutrition intervention in Sri Lanka that provides a combination of energy, protein and micronutrients as a ‘ready-to-eat’ cereal-based food. We measured the bioavailability of Fe and Zn from Thriposha formula at two different molar ratios of Zn:Fe in order to determine the effect on Fe and Zn absorption. Children 4–7 years (n 53) were given a meal prepared with 50 g Thriposha containing 1·5 mg Zn as zinc sulphate and either 9 mg (high Fe concentration (HiFe)) or 4·5 mg (low Fe concentration (LoFe)) Fe as ferrous fumarate. Zn and Fe percent absorption were measured using stable isotopes by tracer:tracee ratio and by incorporation of erythrocytes, respectively. Percent Fe absorption from the two meals was similar (6·6 % (4·8) v. 4·8 % (2·6); P = 0·15), but total Fe absorption was significantly higher from the HiFe meal (0·59 (0·43) mg) than the LoFe meal (0·20 (0·12) mg; P = 0·01). There was no significant difference between the two groups in Zn absorption (10·7 % (0·9) v. 8·8 % (1·4), P = 0·13, respectively). Decreasing the amount of Fe in Thriposha did not cause a significant change in the percent absorption of Fe and Zn, but significantly lowered the total amount of absorbed Fe. These results demonstrate the utility of maintaining a higher Fe content in this supplement. Further studies to increase Zn content are warranted while maintaining a HiFe.

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Psychosocial functioning in Sri Lankan children exposed to multiple trauma

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e619482009-001 ◽

2009 ◽

Author(s):

Janet Jane Garcia ◽

Gaithri A. Fernando ◽

Deborah E. Laurin ◽

Amber Hannah

Keyword(s):

Multiple Trauma ◽

Psychosocial Functioning ◽

Sri Lankan ◽

Sri Lankan Children

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Trauma Exposure and Depression in Sri Lankan Children

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e701752007-001 ◽

2007 ◽

Author(s):

Laura N. Petersen ◽

Sharonne Herbert ◽

Christopher Chen ◽

Gaithri A. Fernando ◽

Kenneth E. Miller

Keyword(s):

Trauma Exposure ◽

Sri Lankan ◽

Sri Lankan Children

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Relationship between Thyroglobulin and Tumor Detectabilily with Thallium-201 in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer

Nuklearmedizin ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1632238 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 39 (01) ◽

pp. 10-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. P. Müller ◽

Ch. Reiners ◽

A. Bockisch ◽

Katja Brandt-Mainz

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Cancer ◽

Differentiated Thyroid Cancer ◽

Roc Analysis ◽

Tsh Suppression ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Test Specificity ◽

The Relationship ◽

Tumor Scintigraphy ◽

Tsh Stimulation

Summary Aim: Tumor scintigraphy with 201-TICI is an established diagnostic method in the follow-up of differentiated thyroid cancer. We investigated the relationship between thyroglobulin (Tg) level and tumor detectability. Subject and methods: We analyzed the scans of 122 patients (66 patients with proven tumor). The patient population was divided into groups with Tg above (N = 33) and below (N = 33) 5 ng/ml under TSH suppression or above (N = 33) and below (N = 33) 50 ng/ml under TSH stimulation. Tumor detectability was compared by ROC-analysis (True-Positive-Fraction test, specificity 90%). Results: There was no significant difference (sensitivity 75% versus 64%; p = 0.55) for patients above and below 5 ng/ml under TSH suppression and a just significant difference (sensitivity 80% versus 58%; p = 0.04) for patients above and below 50 ng/ml under TSH stimulation. In 18 patients from our sample with tumor, Tg under TSH suppression was negative, but 201-TICI-scan was able to detect tumor in 12 patients. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate only a moderate dependence of tumor detectability on Tg level, probably without significant clinical relevance. Even in patients with slight Tg elevation 201-TICI scintigraphy is justified.

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Fecundity and Gonado-somatic Index of Trichiurus lepturus (Linnaeus, 1758) Along the Zamboanga del Norte Coast

International Journal of Emerging Research in Management and Technology ◽

10.23956/ijermt.v6i7.196 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (7) ◽

pp. 120

Author(s):

Ma. Dulce C. Guillena

Keyword(s):

Sex Ratio ◽

Stock Assessment ◽

Chi Square ◽

Moon Phases ◽

Ovary Weight ◽

Moment Coefficient ◽

Trichiurus Lepturus ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Relationship ◽

Somatic Index

Gonado-somatic index and fecundity are tools for measuring the sexual maturity and ability of animals to reproduce. This study investigates the reproduction of Trichiurus lepturus. Specifically, this aimed to determine the sex ratio, the GSI, the relationship between fecundity and total length, fecundity and total weight, fecundity and ovary weight. The Descriptive Method of research was used. Percentage and chi-square was utilized in determining the percentage of occurrence and sex ratio respectively. Pearson r Product Moment Coefficient of Correlation was used to determine the relationships of the parameters. The study revealed that females outnumbered males and the sex ratio for different month showed significant difference. Spawning season was observed to occur in November and December as revealed in its GSI values and it synchronized with the full and new moon phases. Fecundity is positively correlated with body weight, body size, and ovary weight where ovary weight is observed to be the best index for fecundity. The results of this study could be used further for formal stock assessment of cutlassfish fishery.

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Rendimento de grãos de soja e de milho, no Rio Grande do Sul, não difere entre eventos El Niño Oscilação Sul

Agrometeoros ◽

10.31062/agrom.v26i1.26376 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ronaldo Matzenauer ◽

Bernadete Radin ◽

Alberto Cargnelutti Filho

Keyword(s):

El Niño ◽

El Nino ◽

Southern Oscillation ◽

Rio Grande ◽

La Niña ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

La Nina ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Income Data ◽

The Relationship

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a relação entre o fenômeno El Niño Oscilação Sul - ENOS e o rendimento de grãos de soja e de milho no Rio Grande do Sul e verificar a hipótese de que os eventos El Niño são favoráveis e os eventos La Niña são prejudiciais ao rendimento de grãos das culturas. Foram utilizados dados de rendimento de grãos dos anos agrícolas de 1974/75 a 2016/17, e relacionados com as ocorrências de eventos ENOS. Foram analisados os dados de rendimento observados na colheita e os dados estimados com a remoção da tendência tecnológica. Os resultados mostraram que não houve diferença significativa do rendimento médio de grãos de soja e de milho na comparação entre os eventos ENOS. Palavras-chave: El Niño, La Niña, safras agrícolas. Abstract – The objective of this work was to evaluate the relationship between the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon with the grain yield of soybean and maize in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil and to verify the hypothesis that the El Niño events are favorable and the La Niña events are harmful to the culture’s grain yields. Were used data from the agricultural years of 1974/75 to 2016/17, and related to the occurrence of ENOS events. We analyzed income data observed at harvest and estimated data with technological tendency was removed. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the average yield of soybeans and corn in the comparison between events.

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Income or Culture? Examining the Determinants of Subjective Wellbeing in an International Sample

10.31234/osf.io/yu53w ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Siddharth Garg

Keyword(s):

Online Survey ◽

Subjective Wellbeing ◽

Regression Coefficient ◽

Marginal Utility ◽

Economic Class ◽

Income Groups ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The World ◽

Diminishing Marginal Utility ◽

The Relationship

Objective: The aim of this paper was to examine the relationship between income, subjective wellbeing, and culture among people from a higher socio-economic class across the world. Rationale: Ed Diener proposed the law of diminishing marginal utility as an explanation for differences in subjective wellbeing among different income groups across different countries (Diener, Ng, & Tov, Balance in life and declining marginal utility of diverse resources, 2009). Thus, people with higher incomes would experience less subjective wellbeing due to income, and culture should emerge as a significant predictor. Method: Data from this study came from another study (https://siddharthgargblog.wordpress.com/2019/07/14/love-for-money/). I used an online survey to collect data on annual income in US dollars, subjective wellbeing (WHO-5), and country of residence (Indicator of Culture). 96 responses (Indians = 24, Foreigners = 72) were entered in IBM SPSS and a regression analysis was conducted. The raw dataset used in this study can be found at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.8869040.v1Results: ANOVA showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) between Indians and foreigners on levels of subjective wellbeing. Linear regression shows the regression coefficient of culture to be significant (Beta = -.254, p = .014) but the regression coefficient of income was not found to be significant. The overall model was found to explain 8.2% of the variance in wellbeing.Conclusion: The sample of this study is too small to make any kind of generalization; it does lend a little bit of support to the idea of diminishing marginal utility of income on subjective wellbeing and provides a rationale for further research.

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Determination of vertical dimension of occlusion by using the phonetic vowel "O" and "E"

Vojnosanitetski pregled ◽

10.2298/vsp1502123i ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 72 (2) ◽

pp. 123-131 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Marko Igic ◽

Nebojsa Krunic ◽

Ljiljana Aleksov ◽

Milena Kostic ◽

Aleksandra Igic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Functions ◽

Complete Denture ◽

Reference Points ◽

Vertical Dimension ◽

Entire Sample ◽

Average Value ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Relationship

Background/Aim. The vertical dimension of occlusion is a very important parameter for proper reconstruction of the relationship between the jaws. The literature describes many methods for its finding, from the simple, easily applicable clinically, to quite complicated, with the use of one or more devices for determination. The aim of this study was to examine the possibility of determining the vertical dimension of occlusion using the vocals ?O? and ?E? with the control of values o btained by applying cognitive functions. Methods. This investigation was performed with the two groups of patients. The first group consisted of 50 females and 50 males, aged 18 to 30 years. In this group the distance between the reference points (on top of the nose and chin) was measured in the position of the mandible in the vertical dimension of occlusion, the vertical dimension at rest and the pronunciation of the words ?OLO? and ?ELE?. Checking the correctness of the particular value for the word ?OLO? was also performed by the phonetic method with the application of cognitive exercises when the patients counted from 89 to 80. The obtained difference in the average values i n determining the vertical dimension of occlusion and the ?OLO? and ?ELE? in the first group was used as the reference for determining the vertical dimension of occlusion in the second group of patients. The second group comprised of 31 edentulous persons (14 females and 17 males), aged from 54 to 85 years who had been made a complete denture. Results. The average value obtained for the vertical dimension of rest for the entire sample was 2.16 mm, for the word ?OLO? for the entire sample was 5.51 mm and for the word ?ELE? for the entire sample was 7.47 mm. There was no statistically significant difference between the genders for the value of the vertical dimension at rest, ?ELE? and ?OLO?. There was a statistically significant difference between the values f or the vertical dimension at rest, ?OLO? and ?ELE? for both genders. There was a statistically significant correlation between the value for the vertical dimension at rest, ?OLO? and ?ELE?, for both groups of subjects. Conclusion. Determining the vertical dimension of occlusion requires 5.5 mm subtraction from the position of the mandible in pronunciation of the word ?OLO? or 7.5 mm in pronunciation of the word ?ELE?.

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The Relationship between Mobility and COVID-19 in Germany: Modeling Case Occurrence using Apple's Mobility Trends Data

Methods of Information in Medicine ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1726276 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mark David Walker ◽

Mihály Sulyok

Keyword(s):

Generalized Additive Models ◽

Information Criterion ◽

Additive Models ◽

Online Data ◽

German Government ◽

Explanatory Variables ◽

Mobility Data ◽

Community Mobility ◽

The Relationship ◽

Potential Use

Abstract Background Restrictions on social interaction and movement were implemented by the German government in March 2020 to reduce the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Apple's “Mobility Trends” (AMT) data details levels of community mobility; it is a novel resource of potential use to epidemiologists. Objective The aim of the study is to use AMT data to examine the relationship between mobility and COVID-19 case occurrence for Germany. Is a change in mobility apparent following COVID-19 and the implementation of social restrictions? Is there a relationship between mobility and COVID-19 occurrence in Germany? Methods AMT data illustrates mobility levels throughout the epidemic, allowing the relationship between mobility and disease to be examined. Generalized additive models (GAMs) were established for Germany, with mobility categories, and date, as explanatory variables, and case numbers as response. Results Clear reductions in mobility occurred following the implementation of movement restrictions. There was a negative correlation between mobility and confirmed case numbers. GAM using all three categories of mobility data accounted for case occurrence as well and was favorable (AIC or Akaike Information Criterion: 2504) to models using categories separately (AIC with “driving,” 2511. “transit,” 2513. “walking,” 2508). Conclusion These results suggest an association between mobility and case occurrence. Further examination of the relationship between movement restrictions and COVID-19 transmission may be pertinent. The study shows how new sources of online data can be used to investigate problems in epidemiology.

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An Evaluation of the Relationship between Retinal Nerve Fiber Thickness, Cochlear Nerve Thickness, the Level of Tinnitus, and Hearing Loss in Unilateral Tinnitus Patients

Audiology and Neurotology ◽

10.1159/000512004 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Mustafa Avcu ◽

Mehmet Metin ◽

Raşit Kılıç ◽

Muhammed Alpaslan

Keyword(s):

Hearing Loss ◽

Nerve Fiber ◽

Normal Hearing ◽

Cochlear Nerve ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Relationship ◽

Fiber Thickness ◽

Moderate Hearing Loss ◽

Group 1 ◽

Retinal Nerve Fiber

Background: In this study, optic coherence tomography (OCT) examination was performed to check whether there was any interaction between ophthalmic axonal structures in unilateral tinnitus patients, and the relationship between optic nerve thickness and cochlear nerve thickness was evaluated. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the relatioship between hearing loss, tinnitus, and nerve thicknesses. Study Design: Prospective study. Setting: Tertiary referral university hospital. Patients: The study included 88 patients with unilateral tinnitus, for which no organic cause could be found in physical examination, psychiatric evaluation, or with imaging methods. Study groups were formed of the tinnitus side and control groups were formed of the healthy side as follows: Group 1 (Non-tinnitus side normal hearing values – n = 30), Group 2 (non-tinnitus side minimal hearing loss – n = 27), Group 3 (non-tinnitus side moderate hearing loss – n = 31), Group 4 (tinnitus side normal hearing values – n = 25), Group 5 (tinnitus side minimal hearing loss – n = 25), and Group 6 (tinnitus side moderate hearing loss – n = 38). Intervention: Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness was evaluated with OCT, and the cochlear nerve cross-sectional area was evaluated with MRI. Main Outcome Measures: RNFL measurements were taken with OCT from the subfoveal area (RNFL-SF) and 1.5 mm temporal to the fovea (RNFL-T µm) and nasal (RNFL-N µm) sectors. On MRI, 3 measurements were taken along the nerve from the cerebellopontine angle as far as the internal auditory canal, and the mean value of these 3 measurements was calculated. Results: When the groups were evaluated in respect of cochlear nerve thickness, a significant difference was seen between Group 1 and both the groups with hearing loss and the tinnitus groups. In the subgroup analysis, a statistically significant difference was determined between Group 1 and Groups 3, 4, 5, and 6 (p = 0.013, p = 0.003, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). When the groups were evaluated in respect of the RNFL-SF (µm), RNFL-T (µm), and RNFL-N (µm) values, the differences were determined to be statistically significant (p < 0.001 for all). In the correlation analysis, a negative correlation was determined between hearing loss and cochlear nerve diameter (r: −0.184, p = 0.014), and RNFL-N (r: −0.272, p < 0.001) and between tinnitus and cochlear nerve diameter (r: −0.536, p < 0.001), and RNFL-T (r: −0.222, p < 0.009). Conclusion: The study results clearly showed a relationship between cochlear nerve fiber thickness and hearing loss and the severity of tinnitus in cases with unilateral tinnitus and that there could be neurodegenerative factors in the disease etiology. A similar relationship seen with the RNFL supports the study hypothesis.

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