Tree Diversity in Urban Parks and Gardens of Ibadan City, Nigeria

Aims: To assess the species diversity of trees in parks and gardens across the urban area of the city of Ibadan. Study Design: Total enumeration was conducted for data collection; All the trees in the urban parks and gardens were identified. The species similarity and diversity of trees were computed. Place and Duration of Study: Parks and gardens within the urban area of Ibadan city, Nigeria, Department of Forestry Technology, Federal College of Forestry, Ibadan, Nigeria, Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria, between April, 2019 and March, 2020. Methodology: The parks and gardens were identified on google earth image. The species and family of all the trees within the parks and gardens were identified. The density, species richness, relative abundance, similarity, diversity and evenness were also estimated. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Simpson’s diversity index, and Pielou’s species evenness index were used in estimating the species diversity. Results: The findings reveal a significant species composition of 82 species distributed across 34 families, with Senna sesame and Fabaceae being the most abundant species and family respectively. The trees with a population of 2,471 trees are largely dominated by exotic and evergreen species. The species richness, similarity, and diversity were relatively high. Conclusion: The study provides an opportunity to evaluate the contribution of urban parks and gardens to the ecological integrity and health of a city, thereby serving as essential information for preparing workable conservation strategies.

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Butterfly diversity of Putalibazar Municipality, Syangja District, Gandaki Province, Nepal

Journal of Threatened Taxa ◽

10.11609/jott.6635.13.7.18827-18845 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 18827-18845

Author(s):

Kismat Neupane ◽

Mahamad Sayab Miya

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Species Diversity ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Monsoon Season ◽

Species Abundance ◽

Butterfly Species ◽

Habitat Types ◽

Butterfly Diversity ◽

Wiener Diversity Index

A study was carried out to find the butterfly species diversity and abundance in Putalibazar Municipality, Syangja, Gandaki, Nepal, from June 2019 to July 2020. Pollard walk method was used for data collection in three different habitat types: forest, agricultural land, and settlement area. The study was performed in all seasons: pre-monsoon, monsoon, post monsoon and winter. A total of 180 butterfly species from 108 genera and six families were recorded. The overall Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H) was 4.48. The highest diversity was represented by the Nymphalidae with 67 species (H= 3.79). Butterfly diversity and species abundance was highest in the forest area (147 species, 1199 individuals; H= 4.47). The highest species richness (109 species) was observed in the monsoon season.

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Effect of thermal activity on the differentiation of the vegetation of the “Ruda” postmining heap in Zabrze (Poland)

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.1783 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 72 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Robert Hanczaruk ◽

Agnieszka Kompała-Bąba

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Species Diversity ◽

Plant Communities ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Thermal Activity ◽

Habitat Conditions ◽

Annual Species ◽

Spoil Heap ◽

Spontaneous Succession ◽

Wiener Diversity Index

This paper presents the results of a study on the vegetation of the thermally active postmining heap “Ruda” in Zabrze (Poland). The aims of the study were: (i) to show the differentiation of the vegetation that has developed as a result of the thermal activity, and (ii) to determine the effect of thermal activity of the spoil heap on species richness and species diversity of the vegetation. Twelve plant communities were recorded on the heap. Thermal activity has a statistically significant impact on species richness (Z = 2.13, p = 0.03) and species diversity (Z = 2.29, p = 0.02). The species composition of plant communities reflects the habitat conditions, which are conditioned by thermal activity. As the distance from a zone with increased thermal activity increases, the degree of the spontaneous succession of vegetation and the complexity of the vegetation increase. Moreover, the share of annual species and kenophytes decreases in favor of perennial plants and apophytes. The number of plant communities (from four to eight), their species richness (number of species from 15 to 22) and species diversity (Shannon–Wiener diversity index from 1.81 to 2.19) also increase. A DCA analysis showed an increase in the shading, humidity and pH of the substrate, and the thickness of the dead organic matter within the gradient of the thermal activity.

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Does Altitude Effect on Species Composition and Diversity on Himalayan Rangeland?

Himalayan Journal of Science and Technology ◽

10.3126/hijost.v1i0.25818 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 26-30

Author(s):

Dilkumar Limbu ◽

Madan Koirala ◽

Zhanhuan Shang

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Species Diversity ◽

Altitudinal Gradient ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Grazing Intensity ◽

Floristic Composition ◽

Diversity Indices ◽

Altitude Effect ◽

Wiener Diversity Index ◽

The Impact

Himalayan rangelands have diverse floristic composition and important ecological services. The floristic diversity and composition play an important role in grassland ecosystem regulation. It is different in altitudinal gradient due to grazing intensity, climatic condition and topography. To reveal the vegetation composition values, this work was conducted on August and September 2011 in Tinjure-Milke mountain ridge, Guphapokhari, Nepal. In the present study we have described the impact of altitude on the species richness, species diversity and dispersion behavior of different plants (grasses) in Himalayan rangeland. The values of community indices were observed to be: RD (0.09 to 49.57), RF (3.57 to 14.71), RA (0.23 to 47.59), IVI (3.89 to 111.87), Shannan-Wiener diversity index (1.09 to 2.23) and species diversity evenness (0.12 to 0.19) at the study area, MilkeJaljale, eastern Nepal. Similarly, Species richness (R) value of 8.87 to 11.86 and Simpson dominant index value of 0.12 to 0.42 were observed. All diversity indices were reversed to altitudinal gradient higher the altitudes lower the values. Species richness of all plants showed a unimodal relationship with altitude. Similarly, negative correlation of density and species richness with altitude and slope was recorded.

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The species diversity of cereal and root communities in the municipalities located in the strug river valley in Podkarpackie Voivodeship

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2013.042 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 66 (3) ◽

pp. 89-94

Author(s):

Maria Ziaja

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Species Diversity ◽

Diversity Index ◽

River Valley ◽

Cereal Crops ◽

Special Importance ◽

Weed Species ◽

Total Species Richness ◽

Wiener Diversity Index ◽

Segetal Flora

The research on segetal flora and agricultural ecosystems has gained special importance in recent years, since they are an important element in biodiversity conservation. An evaluation of the status of the segetal flora was made on the basis of a study conducted in the period 1998–2002 in crop fields of four municipalities located in the Strug River valley in Podkarpackie Voivodeship. This research was carried out in root and cereal crops. Total species richness and the average number of species per relevé were determined in this study. In determining species diversity of the communities, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H’) was used. In cereal crops, the community Vicietum tetraspermae typicum was characterized by the greatest species richness (109 species), while Vicietum tetraspermae consolidetosum showed the lowest richness (57 species). In root crops, the association Oxalido-Chenopodietum polyspermi exhibited the greatest richness (78 species), whereas Galinsogo-Setarietum typicum the lowest richness (53 species). In the cereal communities, a total 149 of weed species were recorded, while in the root communities their total number was 97. The values of the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H’) ranged from 3.10 to 2.42. The phytocoenoses Oxalido-Chenopodietum polyspermi, Vicietum tetraspermae typicum, and Vicietum tetraspermae, the variant with Vicia grandiflora, were characterized by the highest values of the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H’), whereas the association Galinsogo-Setarietum typicum and the impoverished communities from the alliance Aperion spicae-venti showed the lowest values.

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Patterns, Trends and Drivers of Water Transparency in Sri Lanka Using Landsat 8 Observations and Google Earth Engine

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs13112193 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 2193

Author(s):

Deepakrishna Somasundaram ◽

Fangfang Zhang ◽

Sisira Ediriweera ◽

Shenglei Wang ◽

Ziyao Yin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sri Lanka ◽

Human Activity ◽

Google Earth ◽

Water Transparency ◽

Conservation Strategies ◽

Landsat 8 ◽

Essential Information ◽

Annual Variations ◽

North East ◽

South West Monsoon

Addressing inland water transparency and driver effects to ensure the sustainability and provision of good quality water in Sri Lanka has been a timely prerequisite, especially under the Sustainable Development Goals 2030 agenda. Natural and anthropogenic changes lead to significant variations in water quality in the country. Therefore, an urgent need has emerged to understand the variability, spatiotemporal patterns, changing trends and impact of drivers on transparency, which are unclear to date. This study used all available Landsat 8 images from 2013 to 2020 and a quasi-analytical approach to assess the spatiotemporal Secchi disk depth (ZSD) variability of 550 reservoirs and its relationship with natural (precipitation, wind and temperature) and anthropogenic (human activity and population density) drivers. ZSD varied from 9.68 cm to 199.47 with an average of 64.71 cm and 93% of reservoirs had transparency below 100 cm. Overall, slightly increasing trends were shown in the annual mean ZSD. Notable intra-annual variations were also indicating the highest and lowest ZSD during the north-east monsoon and south-west monsoon, respectively. The highest ZSD was found in wet zone reservoirs, while dry zone showed the least. All of the drivers were significantly affecting the water transparency in the entire island. The combined impact of natural factors on ZSD changes was more significant (77.70%) than anthropogenic variables, whereas, specifically, human activity accounted for the highest variability across all climatic zones. The findings of this study provide the first comprehensive estimation of the ZSD of entire reservoirs and driver contribution and also provides essential information for future sustainable water management and conservation strategies.

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Distance Effects on Diversity and Abundance of the Flower Visitors of Ocimum kilimandscharicum in the Kakamega Forest Ecosystem

International Journal of Biodiversity ◽

10.1155/2018/7635631 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hellen K. Mandela ◽

Mugatsia H. Tsingalia ◽

Mary Gikungu ◽

Wilbur M. Lwande

Keyword(s):

Species Diversity ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Land Use Changes ◽

Species Abundance ◽

Diversity Indices ◽

Forest Edge ◽

Flower Visitors ◽

Kakamega Forest ◽

Species Invasions ◽

Wiener Diversity Index

Pollination is an important ecosystem service in the maintenance of biodiversity and most importantly in food production. Pollination is on the decline due to habitat loss, exotic species invasions, pollution, overharvesting, and land use changes. This study analyzed the abundance and diversity of flower visitors’ of Ocimum kilimandscharicum in Kakamega forest with increasing distance from the forest edge. Data were collected through direct observation and sweep netting. Six study sites were identified along two transects each 2.5 km long and labeled A to F. Distance in metres from the forest edge to each site was A=221, B=72, C=83, D=198, E=113, and F=50. Sampling was done from 7:30 am to 4:00 pm, three days in a week for five months consecutively. Diversity indices of different flower visitors were calculated using the Shannon-Wiener diversity index. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare differences between sites and a two-sample t-test was used to identify mean significant differences in species diversity between the closest and the furthest sites. A total of 645 individuals belonging to 35 species were captured from 4 families. The highest diversity was at site F (H’= 2.38) which was closest to the forest edge and the lowest diversity was from site A (H’=1.44) which was furthest from the forest edge. Distance from the forest edge significantly influenced species diversity (F(3, 20)=14.67, p=0.024). Distance from the forest edge also significantly influenced species abundance between the furthest sites A, D, and E and the nearest sites F, B, and C to the forest edge (t=4.177; p=0.0312) and species richness (t=3.2893; p=0.0187). This study clearly demonstrates that Ocimum kilimandscharicum flower visitors play essential roles in pollination and their higher number of visits translates into higher numbers of seeds set. Many of these pollinators are associated with the forest and hence the need to conserve the Kakamega forest as a source pool for pollinators.

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Baseline Assessments of Wildlife Biodiversity Within Selected Areas of Central Visayas, Philippines

Journal of Biodiversity Conservation and Bioresource Management ◽

10.3329/jbcbm.v6i2.55244 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 27-34

Author(s):

RP Jose ◽

WA Aureo ◽

CI Narido ◽

TD Reyes Jr ◽

MB Sarnowski

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Species Diversity ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Population Trends ◽

Species Richness And Diversity ◽

Natural Park ◽

Biodiversity Inventories ◽

Baseline Information ◽

High Diversity ◽

Areas Of Protection

A comprehensive inventory of faunal biodiversity was conducted within three Key Biodiversity Areas of Central Visayas. Mt. Bandilaan Natural Park (MBNP), Balinsasayao Twin Lakes Natural Park (BTLNP), and Rajah Sikatuna Protected Landscape (RSPL). Three primary wildlife groups were surveyed: bats, birds and amphibians. Species diversity and population trends were then analyzed to assess areas of biodiversity importance. RSPL generally had the highest species richness and diversity index while MBNP consistently had the lowest. When pooled. The surveyed areas resulted in a high diversity index and rate of endemicity showing the importance of multiple areas of protection. These findings can be utilized to prioritize habitat protection as well as to serve as a baseline information for future biodiversity inventories. J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2020, 6(2): 27-34

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Phytoplankton Community Investigation and Water Quality Assessment of M River in winter in Shijiazhuang City

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202126701035 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 267 ◽

pp. 01035

Author(s):

Ziqi Zhang ◽

Lei Yang ◽

Dongxu Han ◽

Hongyan Shen

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Species Diversity ◽

Water Body ◽

Phytoplankton Community ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Water Quality Assessment ◽

Species Diversity Index ◽

Wiener Diversity Index ◽

Eutrophic Water ◽

Evenness Index

An investigation of phytoplankton community and water quality for M River was conducted in December 2019.The results showed that 38 species of phytoplankton belonging to 6 phyla and 26 genera were collected. Among them, Bacillariophyta is the richest species, which accounted for 34.21%, followed by Cyanophyta with 26.32% and Chlorophyta with 28.95%. The density of phytoplankton was 63.0*106 inds/L which indicated as eutrophic water body. The highest density was Bacillariophyta, accounting for 51.03%. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H’) varied from 1.34 to 2.24, the Margalef Species diversity index (d) varied from 2.71 to 3.85, and the Pielou evenness index (J) varied from 0.38 to 0.67. According to the integrative analysis results of H’, d and J, M River water quality belongs to oligo-polluted, but individual sites belong to meso-polluted.

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Study on Urban Landscape Green Space -- A Case Study of Longquanshan Park

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202127201002 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 272 ◽

pp. 01002

Author(s):

Huan Dai ◽

Wei Li ◽

Yan Zeng ◽

Xinyang Zhang

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Urban Landscape ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Evergreen Species ◽

Forest Park ◽

Shrub Layer ◽

Tree Layer ◽

Deciduous Shrubs ◽

Forest Parks ◽

Richness Index

Studying on Qinglongshan Forest Park in Wuhan by typical plot method, 15 typical plots in the park were investigated, and the species richness index, diversity index, evenness index, frequency and important value index were calculated. The results showed that there were 139 species of woody plants belonging to 46 families and 97 genera, including 41 species of evergreen trees, 32 species of deciduous trees, 62 species of evergreen shrubs, 25 species of deciduous shrubs, and 4 species of bamboo belonging to 1 family, 3 genera. Species richness index and Simpson diversity index were all expressed as tree layer > shrub layer, evergreen species > deciduous species. Pielou evenness was tree layer > shrub layer. This study can provide some reference for understanding the existing plant status of forest parks, carrying out science popularization, scientific research, protection and improvement of forest landscape quality.

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Grazing Exclusion, a Choice between Biomass Growth and Species Diversity Maintenance in Beijing—Tianjin Sand Source Control Project

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11071941 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 1941 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yuzhe Li ◽

Jiangwen Fan ◽

Hailing Yu

Keyword(s):

Species Diversity ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Source Control ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Above Ground Biomass ◽

Grazing Exclusion ◽

Ground Biomass ◽

Wiener Diversity Index ◽

Restoration Practices ◽

Sand Source

Grasslands in northern China form an important ecological barrier that prevents and controls desertification. The Beijing–Tianjin Sand Source Control (BTSSC) Project has been implemented to restore grassland in order to control sand sourced pollution. This study aimed to understand the impacts of four applied restoration practices on the productivity, composition, and species diversity of vegetation communities in the BTSSC Project. The results indicated the following: (1) All the restoration practices tended to increase the height and cover of communities, and the effect was most obvious where grazing was excluded; (2) total biomass (87%), above-ground biomass (164%) and below-ground biomass (58%) only increased consistently when grazing was excluded from the steppe; (3) fenced and grazing exclusion practice significantly increased the abundance of species in communities, but all the practices tended to decrease the evenness of species; and, (4) the correlation analysis revealed that the Shannon–Wiener diversity index, and Pielou evenness index, showed significant negative correlations with the above-ground biomass of grassland communities after restoration, while no significant relationships were shown in reference plots. Our comparison of applied practices in the BTSSC project revealed that grazing exclusion might be a high priority for more successful restoration in this region.

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