scholarly journals Does Altitude Effect on Species Composition and Diversity on Himalayan Rangeland?

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Dilkumar Limbu ◽  
Madan Koirala ◽  
Zhanhuan Shang
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Altitudinal Gradient ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Altitude Effect ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
The Impact

Himalayan rangelands have diverse floristic composition and important ecological services. The floristic diversity and composition play an important role in grassland ecosystem regulation. It is different in altitudinal gradient due to grazing intensity, climatic condition and topography. To reveal the vegetation composition values, this work was conducted on August and September 2011 in Tinjure-Milke mountain ridge, Guphapokhari, Nepal. In the present study we have described the impact of altitude on the species richness, species diversity and dispersion behavior of different plants (grasses) in Himalayan rangeland. The values of community indices were observed to be: RD (0.09 to 49.57), RF (3.57 to 14.71), RA (0.23 to 47.59), IVI (3.89 to 111.87), Shannan-Wiener diversity index (1.09 to 2.23) and species diversity evenness (0.12 to 0.19) at the study area, MilkeJaljale, eastern Nepal. Similarly, Species richness (R) value of 8.87 to 11.86 and Simpson dominant index value of 0.12 to 0.42 were observed. All diversity indices were reversed to altitudinal gradient higher the altitudes lower the values. Species richness of all plants showed a unimodal relationship with altitude. Similarly, negative correlation of density and species richness with altitude and slope was recorded.

scholarly journals Distance Effects on Diversity and Abundance of the Flower Visitors of Ocimum kilimandscharicum in the Kakamega Forest Ecosystem

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hellen K. Mandela ◽  
Mugatsia H. Tsingalia ◽  
Mary Gikungu ◽  
Wilbur M. Lwande
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Flower Visitors ◽  
Kakamega Forest ◽  
Species Invasions ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index

Pollination is an important ecosystem service in the maintenance of biodiversity and most importantly in food production. Pollination is on the decline due to habitat loss, exotic species invasions, pollution, overharvesting, and land use changes. This study analyzed the abundance and diversity of flower visitors’ of Ocimum kilimandscharicum in Kakamega forest with increasing distance from the forest edge. Data were collected through direct observation and sweep netting. Six study sites were identified along two transects each 2.5 km long and labeled A to F. Distance in metres from the forest edge to each site was A=221, B=72, C=83, D=198, E=113, and F=50. Sampling was done from 7:30 am to 4:00 pm, three days in a week for five months consecutively. Diversity indices of different flower visitors were calculated using the Shannon-Wiener diversity index. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare differences between sites and a two-sample t-test was used to identify mean significant differences in species diversity between the closest and the furthest sites. A total of 645 individuals belonging to 35 species were captured from 4 families. The highest diversity was at site F (H’= 2.38) which was closest to the forest edge and the lowest diversity was from site A (H’=1.44) which was furthest from the forest edge. Distance from the forest edge significantly influenced species diversity (F(3, 20)=14.67, p=0.024). Distance from the forest edge also significantly influenced species abundance between the furthest sites A, D, and E and the nearest sites F, B, and C to the forest edge (t=4.177; p=0.0312) and species richness (t=3.2893; p=0.0187). This study clearly demonstrates that Ocimum kilimandscharicum flower visitors play essential roles in pollination and their higher number of visits translates into higher numbers of seeds set. Many of these pollinators are associated with the forest and hence the need to conserve the Kakamega forest as a source pool for pollinators.

scholarly journals Butterfly diversity of Putalibazar Municipality, Syangja District, Gandaki Province, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 18827-18845
Author(s):  
Kismat Neupane ◽  
Mahamad Sayab Miya
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Butterfly Diversity ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index

A study was carried out to find the butterfly species diversity and abundance in Putalibazar Municipality, Syangja, Gandaki, Nepal, from June 2019 to July 2020. Pollard walk method was used for data collection in three different habitat types: forest, agricultural land, and settlement area. The study was performed in all seasons: pre-monsoon, monsoon, post monsoon and winter. A total of 180 butterfly species from 108 genera and six families were recorded. The overall Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H) was 4.48. The highest diversity was represented by the Nymphalidae with 67 species (H= 3.79). Butterfly diversity and species abundance was highest in the forest area (147 species, 1199 individuals; H= 4.47). The highest species richness (109 species) was observed in the monsoon season.

scholarly journals Tree Species Diversity and Abundance of Akure Forest Reserve, Ondo State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1415-1419
Author(s):  
O.M. Ogundele ◽  
P.O. Ige ◽  
Y.T. Owoeye ◽  
D.E. Abanikanda ◽  
O.O. Komolafe
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Tree Species Diversity ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Permanent Sample Plot ◽  
Ondo State

This study was carried out to examine the tree species diversity and abundance in a natural forest ecosystem in the Southwestern region of Nigeria. Data were collected from a four equal size sampling plot of 50×50m in a permanent sample plot section of Akure Forest Reserve. All living trees with DBH ≥ 10cm were measured and identified. A total of 956 trees were encountered. These trees were from 42 genera and 20 families. Celtis zenkeri belonging to the family of Ulmaceae was the species with the highest population distribution while Sterculiaceae was the dominant family in the study area. The Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (Hˈ) of 3.196 and species evenness of 0.84 were obtained from the study area. The high values of diversity indices obtained indicated that the forest is rich in biodiversity and hence should be protected from any forms of disturbance to enhance sustainability as well as protect the rare species in it from going into extinction.

scholarly journals Multiple comparisons of diversity indices invaded by Lantana camara

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Qureshi ◽  
T. Anwar ◽  
N. Habib ◽  
Q. Ali ◽  
M. Z. Haider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Lantana Camara ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Heterogeneous Nature ◽  
Significant Magnitude ◽  
Native Plant Diversity ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Current study assessed the impact of Lantana camara invasion on native plant diversity in Pothohar region of Pakistan. The approach used for study was random samplings and comparisons of diversity indices [number of species (S), abundance (N), species richness (R), evenness (Jꞌ), Shannon diversity index (Hꞌ) and Simpson index of dominance (λ)] with two categorical factors i.e., invaded and non-invaded (control). Control plots harboured by an average of 1.74 more species/10m2. The control category was diverse (Hꞌ=2.56) than invaded category (Hꞌ=1.56). The higher value of species richness in control plots shows heterogeneous nature of communities and vice versa in invaded plots. At multivariate scale, ordination (nMDS) and ANOSIM showed significant magnitude of differences between invaded and control plots at all sites. The decrease in studied diversity indices in invaded over control sites indicated that plant communities become less productive due to Lantana invasion.

scholarly journals Assessment of the floristic composition of sward grazed by various animal species

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Czarnecki ◽  
Teresa Grażyna Wyłupek ◽  
Wanda Harkot
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Fallow Deer ◽  
Wild Animal ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
In The Wild

The study objective was to assess the floristic composition of pastures for wild animals (fallow deer, Manchurian deer and mouflons) at Przytoczno, pastures for horses at Białka, and cow pastures belonging to the Land Community in Tarnogóra. We analyzed the floristic composition of the pastures under study in the growing seasons of 2011 and 2012, carried out 32 phytosociological relevés in the wild animal pastures, 32 in the horse pastures, and 38 in the cow pastures, using the Braun-Blanquet method. We determined the species diversity of the pastures based on the percentage share of species from the botanical families distinguished, the total number of species, and the Shannon–Wiener and Simpson diversity index. Our floristic surveys indicated that the greatest species diversity occurred in the horse pastures, while it was lower in the wild animal and cow pastures. The Shannon–Wiener diversity index for the sward of the pastures grazed by horses was higher (<em>H'</em> = 5.04) than for those grazed by wild animals (<em>H'</em> = 4.32) and cows (<em>H'</em> = 3.53). The Simpson index of species diversity in a community was higher for the pastures grazed by horses (<em>S</em> = 0.96) than for those grazed by wild animals (<em>S </em>= 0.95) and cows (<em>S</em> = 0.90).

scholarly journals Tree Diversity in Urban Parks and Gardens of Ibadan City, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-40
Author(s):  
O. S. Olokeogun ◽  
A. O. Oladoye ◽  
A. F. Aderounmu
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Urban Parks ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Evergreen Species ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index

Aims: To assess the species diversity of trees in parks and gardens across the urban area of the city of Ibadan. Study Design: Total enumeration was conducted for data collection; All the trees in the urban parks and gardens were identified. The species similarity and diversity of trees were computed. Place and Duration of Study: Parks and gardens within the urban area of Ibadan city, Nigeria, Department of Forestry Technology, Federal College of Forestry, Ibadan, Nigeria, Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria, between April, 2019 and March, 2020. Methodology: The parks and gardens were identified on google earth image. The species and family of all the trees within the parks and gardens were identified. The density, species richness, relative abundance, similarity, diversity and evenness were also estimated. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Simpson’s diversity index, and Pielou’s species evenness index were used in estimating the species diversity. Results: The findings reveal a significant species composition of 82 species distributed across 34 families, with Senna sesame and Fabaceae being the most abundant species and family respectively. The trees with a population of 2,471 trees are largely dominated by exotic and evergreen species. The species richness, similarity, and diversity were relatively high. Conclusion: The study provides an opportunity to evaluate the contribution of urban parks and gardens to the ecological integrity and health of a city, thereby serving as essential information for preparing workable conservation strategies.

scholarly journals Effect of thermal activity on the differentiation of the vegetation of the “Ruda” postmining heap in Zabrze (Poland)

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Hanczaruk ◽  
Agnieszka Kompała-Bąba
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Thermal Activity ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Annual Species ◽  
Spoil Heap ◽  
Spontaneous Succession ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index

This paper presents the results of a study on the vegetation of the thermally active postmining heap “Ruda” in Zabrze (Poland). The aims of the study were: (i) to show the differentiation of the vegetation that has developed as a result of the thermal activity, and (ii) to determine the effect of thermal activity of the spoil heap on species richness and species diversity of the vegetation. Twelve plant communities were recorded on the heap. Thermal activity has a statistically significant impact on species richness (<em>Z</em> = 2.13, <em>p</em> = 0.03) and species diversity (<em>Z</em> = 2.29, <em>p</em> = 0.02). The species composition of plant communities reflects the habitat conditions, which are conditioned by thermal activity. As the distance from a zone with increased thermal activity increases, the degree of the spontaneous succession of vegetation and the complexity of the vegetation increase. Moreover, the share of annual species and kenophytes decreases in favor of perennial plants and apophytes. The number of plant communities (from four to eight), their species richness (number of species from 15 to 22) and species diversity (Shannon–Wiener diversity index from 1.81 to 2.19) also increase. A DCA analysis showed an increase in the shading, humidity and pH of the substrate, and the thickness of the dead organic matter within the gradient of the thermal activity.

Undergrowth phytodiversity index in exotic and indigenous tree plots in Hoteya forest range of Sakhipur upazila under Tangail forest division, Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 141-152
Author(s):  
M. M. Rahman ◽  
S. A. Khan ◽  
G. M. Hossain ◽  
M. A.​ Rahim
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Acacia Auriculiformis ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Exotic Tree

This study was undertaken to know the species diversity of the monoculture plantations of exotic species Acacia auriculiformis and Eucalyptus camadulensis compared to indigenous species Shorea robusta and Mangifera indica. There are 12 sample plots (size 36x36 m) were selected from the study area following the purposive random sampling. A total of 720 quadrats (12 plots x 10 quadrats x 6 seasons) were placed in the sample plots to collect the undergrowth vegetation data over two years of 2010-11 following summer, monsoon and winter season. The average value of Shannon-Wiener diversity index was 2.65±0.16 and 3.28±0.13 that of Simpson’s diversity index was 0.87±0.02 and 0.93±0.01 and that of Margalef’s diversity index was 7.34±0.77 and 10.43±0.52 collectively in all exotic and indigenous plots, respectively. This scenario depicts that the extent of species diversity was higher in indigenous tree species plots than in exotic tree plots and the flora of the study area was highly diversified. The Shorea plots were richer in species diversity out of the four species categories of sampling plots. The index values of three diversity indices were significantly different for the exotic and indigenous tree plots, excluding Eucalyptus and Mangifera species plots, which mean the undergrowth species diversity of Eucalyptus and Mangifera species plots, were not significantly different. Adequate awareness building programs need to conduct among the local community and Bangladesh Forest Department to understand environmental degradation, the importance of conservation management of indigenous ‘Sal’ forest and significance of plant diversity in the village forest for future generations.

scholarly journals The species diversity of cereal and root communities in the municipalities located in the strug river valley in Podkarpackie Voivodeship

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 89-94
Author(s):  
Maria Ziaja
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Total Species Richness ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Segetal Flora

The research on segetal flora and agricultural ecosystems has gained special importance in recent years, since they are an important element in biodiversity conservation. An evaluation of the status of the segetal flora was made on the basis of a study conducted in the period 1998–2002 in crop fields of four municipalities located in the Strug River valley in Podkarpackie Voivodeship. This research was carried out in root and cereal crops. Total species richness and the average number of species per relevé were determined in this study. In determining species diversity of the communities, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H’) was used. In cereal crops, the community <em>Vicietum tetraspermae typicum </em>was characterized by the greatest species richness (109 species), while <em>Vicietum tetraspermae consolidetosum </em>showed the lowest richness (57 species). In root crops, the association <em>Oxalido-Chenopodietum polyspermi </em>exhibited the greatest richness (78 species), whereas <em>Galinsogo-Setarietum typicum </em>the lowest richness (53 species). In the cereal communities, a total 149 of weed species were recorded, while in the root communities their total number was 97. The values of the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H’) ranged from 3.10 to 2.42. The phytocoenoses <em>Oxalido-Chenopodietum polyspermi, Vicietum tetraspermae typicum,</em> and<em> Vicietum tetraspermae</em>, the<em> </em>variant with<em> Vicia grandiflora, </em>were characterized by the highest values of the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H’), whereas the association <em>Galinsogo-Setarietum typicum</em> and the impoverished communities from the alliance <em>Aperion spicae-venti </em>showed the lowest values.

scholarly journals Assessment of Floristic Composition in a Rehabilitated Forest, Sarawak, Malaysia

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
Roland Kueh Jui Heng ◽  
Nik Muhamad Ab. Majid ◽  
Seca Gandaseca ◽  
Osumanu Haruna Ahmed ◽  
Silvester Jemat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Forest Succession ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Climax Species ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Floristic Analysis ◽  
Succession Stage

Assessment of the floristic composition provides information on forest succession stage which is important but only relatively few information are available on the rehabilitated tropical forest. The information can provide an indication of the recovery status of the forest. The objective of this study was to assess the floristic composition of selected age stands at a rehabilitated forest situated in Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Sarawak Campus, Sarawak, Malaysia. A 20 x 20 m plot (0.04 ha) was established each in stands planted in 1991, 1999, 2008 and an adjacent natural regenerating secondary forest (± 23-year-old). All stands were tagged, identified and analyzed for species composition, Importance Value (IV), species diversity and similarity. Floristic analysis showed that in the rehabilitated forest, over 50% of the total family was dominated by the Dipterocarpaceae family but only 14% in natural regenerating secondary forest. Based on the IV Index, stand year 1991 was dominated by Shorea dasyphylla (IV=155.8) while stand year 1999, 2008 and natural regenerating secondary forest were Dryobalanops beccarii (IV=156.2), Sandoricum borneense (IV=144.4) Teijsmanniodendron holophyllum (IV=115.3), respectively. The Simpson’s diversity index at the rehabilitated forest ranged from 0.82 to 0.87 compared to 0.98 at the natural regenerating secondary forest whereas the Shannon-Wiener diversity index ranged from 2.04 to 2.29 compared to 4.23, respectively. Jaccard’s Coefficient of Similarity (Cj) between all combinations of the study plots was generally low (2.2-19.4%). Rehabilitated forest exhibited climax species community despite having lower species diversity. This can promote the conservation of these climax species.

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