Securing Logins in Electronic Examination Systems for Tertiary Institutions Using Quick Response Code (QR) Technology and Multiple Hashing Algorithms

This work is aimed at adding an extra layer of security to the login process of an electronic examination system as security has been identified as one of the critical success factors in the management of such exams. It proposes to secure the login process of an e-exam system through authentication and encryption to control access and avoid impersonation. A model of the e-exam system with Quick Response (QR) code generation capability was designed where a student’s matriculation number is accepted as input which is then converted into a two-dimensional bar code using a QR generator. Outputs from the QR code generator are then secured by encryption using MD5 and SHA-224 encryption algorithms. MD5 algorithm produces a 32-bit hash value which is further encrypted using SHA-224 that produces a resulting 56-bit hash value that is then saved in the password column of the user table in the database. This research resulted in a secure and web-based electronic examination authentication system implemented and tested on a client-server architecture. Performance evaluation of the developed system revealed that it is fast and effective, capable of authenticating students in an average of 0.624 seconds when the smartphone flashlight is off, and 0.318 seconds with flashlight turned on and consequently, resistant to brute force attacks. This paper fulfils an identified need to develop an electronic exam system that not only secures the question bank but equally ensures the security of the login process as well as the login details using a combination of two security techniques.

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Secure Quick Response Based on Dynamic Quick Response Code

Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience ◽

10.1166/jctn.2020.8772 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 1090-1098

Author(s):

Md Gapar Md Johar ◽

Zairina Ibrahim ◽

Nur Farhana Mohd Hamidi

Keyword(s):

Qr Code ◽

Quick Response ◽

Qr Codes ◽

Code Generator ◽

Response Code ◽

Plain Text ◽

Contact Information ◽

Quick Response Code ◽

Wide Range ◽

Types Of Information

This paper aims to explain the nature of quick response (QR) codes and their possible applications in attendance monitoring system at several universities. The aim of this research was to avoid QR code scanning for students who do not attend classes. A QR Code is a two dimensional barcode that is capable of storing a lots of information and various types of information. QR codes have a wide range of uses, including easy storage and transmission of data including web link URLs (Uniform Resource Locators), plain text, email addresses, contact information, SMS or MMS, calendar entries, Wireless network login and more. Based on research and observation, there are many students who like to take a picture of the code and send it to their friends who do not attend the class. There will be an injustice between students attending classes and not attending classes with this problem. Therefore, this research has developed an application of QR code scanner that can scan the QR code whether it is original or copy. In addition, the research has also developed a system of QR code generator and the system will generate the code to become Dynamic QR Code.

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PEMANFAATAN QR-CODE SEGABAI MEDIA PROMOSI TOKO

Jurnal Mnemonic ◽

10.36040/mnemonic.v1i2.39 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 56-61

Author(s):

Joseph Dedy irawan ◽

Emmalia Adriantantri

Keyword(s):

Qr Code ◽

Quick Response ◽

Response Code ◽

Bar Code ◽

Quick Response Code

QR-Code (Quick Response Code) merupakan pengembangan dari Bar-Code yang dulunya merupakan kode saru dimensi menjadi kode dua dimensi dengan kemampuan menyimpan data lebih besar dibandingkan dengan Bar-Code, dengan menggunakan QR-Code data yang bisa disimpan dapat berupa kode angka, huruf, binary serta huruf kanji, kode ini sudah diterapkan untuk berbagai bidang. Salah satu penggunaan QR-Code adalah sebagai media untuk melakukan promosi bagi toko, karena dengan menggunakan kode ini dan dengan bantuan internet maka akan terbentuk suatu sistem promosi dengan biaya burah tetapi dapat mencakup area yang sangat luas.Media promosi ini dilakukan dengan cara mempersiapkan data-data barang atau produk yang dijual di toko, kegiatan promosi seperti diskon dan promo yang akan dilakukan toko. Dari data tersebut dimasukkan ke dalam database, kemudian tautan (hyperlink) dari data promosi tersebut disimpan dalam bentuk QR-Code, pelanggan dengan bantuan kamera handphone dapat melakukan scanning dari QR-Code yang diinginkan, dan dengan memasang aplikasi dalam handphone pelanggan maka kode tersebut akan dikirim ke server dan pelanggan akan dikirim informasi promosi yang dilakukan oleh toko, proses ini akan mempermudah pelanggan mencari produk yang diinginkan karena tidak perlu melakukan proses pencarian dari internet, tetapi cukup melakukan scanning dari QR-Code.

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Aplikasi QR Code Generator Dan QR Code Reader Menggunakan Metode Stroke Histogram

J-SISKO TECH (Jurnal Teknologi Sistem Informasi dan Sistem Komputer TGD) ◽

10.53513/jsk.v4i1.2610 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 38

Author(s):

Wahyu Riansah

Keyword(s):

Input Data ◽

Binary Code ◽

Qr Code ◽

Quick Response ◽

Text File ◽

Code Generator ◽

Response Code ◽

Two Dimensional Image ◽

Text Input ◽

Quick Response Code

Quick Response Code (QR Code) is a two-dimensional image that has the ability to store data. QR Code is commonly used to store data in the form of text, be it numeric, alphanumeric, or binary code. QR Code is widely used for commercial purposes, especially in Japan, usually contains a url link to a specific address or simply text containing advertisements, promotions, and others. One of the things that is not commonly used in QR codes is inserting images into the information it stores. This can increase readers' appeal, especially for advertising, posters, and other commercial matters.This research conducted a study on the possibility of making a QR Code from text input data. Therefore an analysis is carried out on how to make the image the content of the information contained in the QR Code. The solution offered is to convert the text into another representation that can be understood by the QR Code generator and QR Code reader. Previously, the text file was converted into binary.This research also generates QR Code Generator and QR Code Reader, where the input data is in the form of text, then tested to be applied in the real world. The software implementation is done using PHP with MySQL database.

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APLIKASI ABSENSI SISWA MENGGUNAKAN QR CODE DENGAN BAHASA PEMROGRAMAN PHP DI SMKIT ZUNURAIN AQILA ZAHRA DI PELINTUNG

I N F O R M A T I K A ◽

10.36723/juri.v11i1.156 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 62

Author(s):

Nur Rubiati ◽

Sahara Widya Harahap

Keyword(s):

Qr Code ◽

Quick Response ◽

Response Code ◽

Database Server ◽

Quick Response Code

SMK Zunurain Aqila Zahra merupakan suatu lembaga pendidikan tingkat menengah yang didirikan oleh Yayasan Aqila Zahra Dumai. Setiap kegiatan yang membutuhkan informasi mengenai peserta didik (siswa) akan memerlukan absensi. Proses absensi yang masih manual yaitu dengan menulis dibuku yang membutuhkan waktu lama dan sering terjadi kecurangan absensi. Dengan masalah tersebut maka dibuatlah sebuah aplikasi dengan menggunakan QR Code (Quick Response Code) dan berbasis Web. Metode yang digunakan dengan melalui beberapa tahapan seperti pengumpulan data, mengidentifikasi masalah, analisis sitem, perancangan system, pembangunan system,pengujian system, implementasi system. Aplikasi Web ini dibangun menggunakan 3 komponen utama yaitu PHP sebagai bahasa pemrograman, PhpMyAdmin sebagai database server dan Android sebagai aplikasi pembaca QR Code. Dari hasil uji coba dengan menggunakan Smartphone Sony Xperia 3 didukung dengan aplikasi Android yg telah dibangun. Dengan adanya aplikasi Absensi berbasis Web ini data dapat tersimpan ke database, siswa tidak perlu menunggu lama untuk absensi dan dapat meminimalisir kecurangan absensi. Kata kunci : Absensi Siswa, Android, Aplikasi, QR Code, PHP

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Implementation for Quick Response Code

International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology ◽

10.32628/ijsrst196642 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 249-252

Author(s):

K. Ravikumar ◽

R. Geetha

Keyword(s):

Mobile Devices ◽

Mobile Phones ◽

Teaching And Learning ◽

Qr Code ◽

Quick Response ◽

Qr Codes ◽

Response Code ◽

Quick Response Code ◽

The People ◽

Identity Card

Quick Response (QR) codes are versatile. a chunk of long trilingual text, a connected URL, an automatic SMS message, an identity card or simply regarding any data is embedded into the two-dimensional barcode. as well as moderate equipped mobile devices, QR Codes will connect the users to the data quickly and simply. The operations to retrieve or store QR codes are unbelievably easy and fast, and with mobile devices, build them the best academic tools for teaching and learning. QR codes are all over and most of the people have mobile phones equipped with QR code readers. though QR codes existed for over fifteen years, there arent such a lot of analysis applications during this space.

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Animated Two-Dimensional Barcode Generation Using Optimization Algorithms – Redesign of Formulation, Operator, and Quality Evaluation

Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics ◽

10.20965/jaciii.2009.p0245 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 245-254 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Satoshi Ono ◽

◽

Kensuke Morinaga ◽

Shigeru Nakayama

Keyword(s):

Code Generation ◽

Optimization Problem ◽

Quality Evaluation ◽

Qr Code ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Quick Response ◽

Qr Codes ◽

Running Head ◽

Generation Problem ◽

Font Color

To improve on our previously proposed but problem-plagued innovation for generating animated and illustrated Quick Response (QR) codes, this paper proposes a method which formulates the animated QR code generation problem as an optimization problem rather than as a set of still QR code decoration problems. The proposed method also uses optimization operators designed for this problem and quality evaluation to maintain natural, smooth movement. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed method can generate animated QR codes involve a maximum of eight illustrations moving inside the code which maintaining decoding feasibility and smooth illustration movement.Erratum Due to a wrong manipulation during the correction of the proofs of the above paper, the running head title (short title) was incorrect. The correct running head title should have read as "Animated Two–Dimensional Barcode Generation."

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Color Visual Secret Sharing for QR Code with Perfect Module Reconstruction

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app9214670 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (21) ◽

pp. 4670 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tao Liu ◽

Bin Yan ◽

Jeng-Shyang Pan

Keyword(s):

Error Correction ◽

Secret Sharing ◽

Quick Response ◽

Visual Secret Sharing ◽

Response Code ◽

Bar Code ◽

Error Correction Capability ◽

Quick Response Code ◽

Transaction Security ◽

Processing Steps

Visual secret sharing is a secret sharing scheme where the decryption requires no computation. It has found many applications in online transaction security, privacy protection, and bar code security, etc. Recently, researches have indicated that combining visual secret sharing with the widely used Quick Response code may provide additional security mechanism to online transaction. However, current methods are either pixel-based, which requires high computational complexity or module-based, which sacrifices error correction capability of the original Quick Response code. Designing module-based visual secret sharing for the Quick Response code without sacrificing error correction capability is a challenging problem. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a (3, 3)-threshold visual secret sharing for Quick Response code scheme that fully explores the extra freedom provided by color visual secret sharing and color stacking. The binary secret Quick Response code is encoded into color shares. By stacking all the three shares, a binary color Quick Response code can be reconstructed. After the inherent pre-processing steps in a standard Quick Response code decoder, the original binary secret Quick Response code can be completely reconstructed. Thus, the original error correction capability of the Quick Response code is fully preserved. Theoretical analysis shows that the visual secret sharing for Quick Response code is secure under the condition that the computational device available to the attacker is limited to a decoder for standard Quick Response code. Experimental results verify that the secret Quick Response code cannot be reconstructed from just one share or any two shares. However, it can be 100% reconstructed once the three shares are stacked. The proposed visual secret sharing for Quick Response code is module-based, and it does not sacrifice the error correction capability. Furthermore, No extra pre-processing steps other than the standard Quick Response code decoder are required.

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Perancangan Prototype Sistem Keluar Masuk Kendaraan Dengan Proses LPR (License Plate Recognition) Dan QR (Quick Response) Code Di Universitas Bengkulu

JURNAL AMPLIFIER : JURNAL ILMIAH BIDANG TEKNIK ELEKTRO DAN KOMPUTER ◽

10.33369/jamplifier.v8i2.15087 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 13-19

Author(s):

Indra Agustian ◽

Novalio Daratha

Keyword(s):

Nearest Neighbors ◽

License Plate ◽

Qr Code ◽

License Plate Recognition ◽

Quick Response ◽

K Nearest Neighbors ◽

Response Code ◽

Quick Response Code

AbstrakTingkat keamanan yang lebih pada suatu tempat akan membuat pemilik kendaraan merasa nyaman dan tidak khawatir akan kendaraan yang dimilikinya. LPR (License Plate Recognition) merupakan salah satu pemanfaatan pengolahan citra untuk mengenali karakter nomor pada plat kendaraan. Metode yang digunakan dalam proses pengenalan karakter pada plat nomor kendaraan adalah K – Nearest Neighbors (K-NN). Inisialisasi tambahan pada sistem keamanan diperlukan untuk menjaga kendaraan dengan tingkat keamanan yang tinggi. Quick Response (QR) Code digunakan sebagai ID bagi para pengendara yang akan melakukan proses keluar masuk kendaraannya. Berdasarkan hasil analisa dan pembahasan dapat disimpulkan bahwa akurasi proses pendeteksian plat nomor kendaraan dengan metode K-NN pada penelitian ini adalah 93.875%. Sedangkan berdasarkan jarak minimum kendaraan sejauh 0.6 m tingkat akurasi mencapai 100% dan pada jarak maksimum kendaraan sejauh 1.5 m tingkat akurasi sebesar 82.5%. Tingkat pada pembacaan QR code memiliki akurasi sebesar 95 %.Kata kunci: License Plate Recognition (LPR), pengolahan citra, K – Nearest Neighbors (K-NN), Quick Response (QR) Code

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ANALISIS KINERJA PENGGUNAAN RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION (RFID) DAN QUICK RESPONSE CODE (QR CODE) PADA PENCARIAN DATA MEDIS

Jurnal Nasional Komputasi dan Teknologi Informasi (JNKTI) ◽

10.32672/jnkti.v2i1.1419 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 73

Author(s):

Rahmat Sufri ◽

Yuwaldi Away ◽

Rizal Munadi

Keyword(s):

Radio Frequency ◽

Radio Frequency Identification ◽

Qr Code ◽

Quick Response ◽

Response Code ◽

Rfid Reader ◽

Quick Response Code ◽

Frequency Identification

Teknologi terbaru yang dapat diterapkan untuk identifikasi yaitu Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) yang merupakan sistem identifikasi tanpa kabel bisa melakukan pengambilan data dengan cepat, mudah tanpa harus bersentuhan dan dapat digunakan untuk operasi otomatis. Sistem RFID terdiri dari tag, pembaca, middleware, aplikasi program dan server. Seiringin perkembangannya muncul juga teknologi pilihan lain yaitu QR Code atau Quick Respon Code dalam mengatasi masalah identifikasi data menjadi efektif dan cepat. Untuk mengakses informasi QR Code berbeda dengan teknologi RFID yang membutuhan perangkat khusus atau reader sebagai pembaca tag melainkan sangat mudah hanya membutuhkan perangkat camera atau webcam kemudian difokuskan QR Code pada kamera dan akan langsung terbaca dengan cepat. Saat ini dalam mengidentifikasi data medis masih dilakukan secara konvensional yaitu mengetik nomor ID dengan keyboard maka ada kemungkinan terjadi kesalahan dan membutuhkan waktu yang lama sehingga tidak efesien, untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut menggunakan RFID dan QR Code adalah solusi yang tepat, dengan RFID dan QR Code hanya cukup menempelkan pada RFID reader selanjutnya kode akan dilakukan pecarian langsung secara otomatis. Manfaat yang diperoleh pada penelitian ini adalah mengetahui perbandingan RFID dan QR Code melakukan pencarian data medis, dan dapat mengidentifikasi pencarian data medis dengan lebih mudah, cepat dan akurat.

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Fragile Water-Marking Based Image Authentication Scheme using LSBs

International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering - Special Issue ◽

10.35940/ijitee.i1132.0789s19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (9S) ◽

pp. 819-824

Keyword(s):

Digital Images ◽

Large Data ◽

Singular Values ◽

Image Authentication ◽

Experimental Result ◽

Qr Code ◽

Quick Response ◽

Least Significant Bit ◽

Response Code ◽

Quick Response Code

This paper proposed a Quick response code (QR code) based strategy to provide authentication to our digital images. Quick response code is used to provide protection to digital images because of its important characteristics like detection from direction and large data encoding capacity. First of all, Least Significant Bit (LSB) approach is applied on the original image to select LSBs from each block of the image. Next, LSB image is partitioned into sized blocks and mean is calculated for each block of the cell. Then Singular Value Decomposition function is performed on this cell to get singular values which are used as authentication data. After that QR Code generator is used to generate QR code matrix from these singular values. And finally this code is inserted into MSBs to get an authenticated image. Experimental result shows that proposed method produces images with good quality.

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