scholarly journals Analysis of Water Stress in Different Varieties of Maize (Zea mays L.) at the Early Seedling Stage

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
Kiran Ramesh Pawar ◽  
Sopan Ganpatrao Wagh ◽  
Pravin Prakash Sonune ◽  
Sakshi Raju Solunke ◽  
Shubham Babanrao Solanke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Maize Varieties

Maize (Zea mays L.) is a widely grown crop with a high rate of photosynthetic activity due to its C4 pathway leading to higher yields of grain and a potential for biomass. It is predominantly cross-pollinated crop, a feature that has contributed to its wide morphological variability and geographical adaptability. Abiotic stress such as drought stress negatively affects plant growth and development. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of drought stress on the morphological and biochemical content of seven different maize varieties. Here we have tested 7 different varieties of maize from the Marathwada region of Maharshtra, India. One week old plants have been affected by drought stress. After one week of drought stress, the plants were subjected to various morphometric and biochemical tests. The results showed that water stress treatment significantly affects root length, shoot length and fresh biomass of seven different varieties, i.e. TMMH 806, NMH 1008, DELTA 10V30, INDAM 1122, SRIKAR 3555, DKC 9141, SGA. Drought stress also had a negative impact on chlorophyll and proline content. Result further exhibited that based on drought tolerance index, variety SRIKAR 3555 could be ranked as drought tolerant and NMH 1008 as drought-sensitive, while remaining cultivator ranked as drought intermediates.

Selection indices to identify maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids adapted under drought-stress and drought-free conditions in a tropical climate

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 1087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhupender Kumar ◽  
Satish Kumar Guleria ◽  
Subhash M. Khanorkar ◽  
Rajender Babu Dubey ◽  
Jashvantlal Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Susceptibility Index ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Selection Indices ◽  
Stress Susceptibility

Drought stress is the most important production constraint in maize (Zea mays L.), especially in rainfed agriculture. To improve productivity of rainfed maize, the development of hybrids with tolerance to drought stress is an important objective in maize breeding programs. The present study was undertaken to identify maize hybrids that perform better under drought-stress and drought-free conditions by using various selection indices. These selection indices were calculated on the basis of yield (t ha–1) performance of hybrids measured under drought stress and optimum environments. A set of 38 cultivars was evaluated at 10 environments (representing five each of drought stress and optimum growing conditions). The average reduction in grain yield due to drought stress was 52%. Effects of genotype, environment and their interaction were significant sources of variation in determining grain yield, respectively explaining 5.0–7.4%, 55.0–60.2% and 12.0–15.0% of total variation in yield under drought-stress and drought-free conditions. Of eight selection indices considered for study, three indices such as harmonic mean, geometric mean, and stress tolerance index were identified as suitable for selection of genotypes capable of performing well both under drought-stress and drought-free environments. Drought response index and drought resistance index were found useful in identifying hybrids that performed better under drought stress. Stress susceptibility index was negatively correlated with yield measured under drought stress. Stress susceptibility index could be used as selection index but only in combination with yield performance data under water-deficit conditions in order to identify drought-tolerant hybrids with reasonable productivity. Test weight, shelling percentage, days to maturity, and ear girth were found to be useful traits for improving yield performance across diverse environments. Cultivation of identified drought-tolerant hybrids would be useful to enhance maize productivity in drought-stress environments.

scholarly journals Identification of Associations between SSR Markers and Quantitative Traits of Maize (Zea mays L.)

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Jan Bocianowski ◽  
Kamila Nowosad ◽  
Barbara Wróbel ◽  
Piotr Szulc
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Multiple Traits ◽  
Good Tool ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Hybrid Maize

Microsatellite or simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers have wide applicability for genetic analysis in crop plant improvement strategies. Marker-assisted selection is an important tool for plant breeders to increase the efficiency of a breeding process, especially for multigenic traits, highly influenced by the environment. In this paper, the relationships between SSR markers and 26 quantitative traits of hybrid maize varieties (Zea mays L.) were analyzed. Association analyses were performed based on 30 SSR primers in a set of thirteen hybrid maize varieties. A total of 112 SSR markers were detected in these genotypes. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 1 to 17, with the average number of alleles per locus equal to 3.7. The number of molecular markers associated with observed traits ranged from 1 (for the number of kernels in row, ears weight and fresh weight of one plant) to 14 (for damage of maize caused by P. nubilalis) in 2016 as well as from 1 (for soil plant analysis development—SPAD, the number of grains in ear and fresh weight of one plant) to 12 (for carotenoids content) in 2017. The sum of statistically significant associations between SSR markers and at least one trait was equal to one hundred sixty in 2016 as well as one hundred twenty-five in 2017. Marker trait associations (MTAs) were found on the basis of regression analysis. The proportion of the total phenotypic variances of individual traits explained by the marker ranged from 24.4% to 77.7% in the first year of study and from 24.3% to 77.9% in 2017. Twenty-two SSR markers performed a significant effect on at least one tested trait in both years of experiment. The three markers (phi021/4, phi036/3, and phi061/2) can be a good tool in marker-assisted selection because they allow simultaneous selection for multiple traits in both years of study, such as the number of kernels in row and the number of grains in ear (phi021/4), the number of plant after germination, the number of plants before harvest, and the number of ears (phi036/3), as well as moisture of grain and length of ears (phi061/2).

Morpho-physiological and yield responses to exogenous moringa leaf extract and salicylic acid in maize (Zea mays L.) under water stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 994-1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanafey F. Maswada ◽  
Usama A. Abd El-Razek ◽  
Abdel-Nasser A. El-Sheshtawy ◽  
Abdelnaser A. Elzaawely
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Moringa Leaf Extract

scholarly journals Determination of water stress with spectral reflectance on sweet corn (Zea mays L.) using classification tree (CT) analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Levent Genc ◽  
Melis Inalpulat ◽  
Unal Kizil ◽  
Mustafa Mirik ◽  
Scot E. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Spectral Reflectance ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Classification Tree ◽  
Ct Analysis

scholarly journals Aflatoxigenic contamination of freshly harvested white maize (Zea mays L.) from some selected Ugandan districts

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Omara
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Lake Victoria ◽  
Total Aflatoxin ◽  
Strategic Adaptation ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Agroecological Zones

The moisture content and total aflatoxin (AF) content of 27 samples of freshly harvested white maize (Zea mays L.) from Mubende (n = 3), Ibanda (n = 3), Jinja (n = 3), Mayuge (n = 3) , Buikwe (n = 3), Hoima (n = 3), Mpigi (n = 3), Masindi (n = 3) and Bugiri (n = 3) districts of Uganda representing the agroecological zones: Lake Victoria crescent, Western Highlands, South East and Lake Albert Crescent were determined in the second season harvest of January 2019 to March 2019. Moisture content ranged from 12.9 to 18.8% (mean moisture content varied from 13.9±0.35-17.2±1.55%) with the highest moisture recorded in maize from Ibanda. The highest mean AF contamination of 11.0±3.01 μg/kg was recorded in maize from Hoima while the lowest AF content of 3.8±1.30 μg/kg was recorded in maize from Mpigi. Despite the fact that all the samples had detectable aflatoxins, none of the maize samples had aflatoxin greater than WHO regulatory limit of 20 μg/kg. White maize in Uganda are precontaminated by aflatoxins prior to harvest. Whereas the spectre of aflatoxigenic contamination of foods remains a ticklish challenge to address, strategic adaptation and deployment of appropriate interventions can help secure a safe harvest. Farmers should plant maize varieties with established maturity periods to ensure timely harvesting. Further research should assess the presence of other mycotoxins as zearalenone, sterigmatocystin, ochratoxin A, citrinin, vomitoxin and diacetoxyscirpenol that may co-occur with aflatoxins in freshly harvested maize.

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