Determining the Impact of Social Networks for Increasing Life Expectancy of Patients with Non-Communicable Diseases in COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract Background Variations in thyroid function within the reference ranges are associated with an increased risk of diseases and death. However, the impact of thyroid function on life expectancy (LE) and the number of years lived with and without non-communicable diseases (NCD) remains unknown. Purpose We aimed to investigate the association of thyroid function with total LE and LE with and without NCD among euthyroid subjects. Methods Participants of the Rotterdam Study without known thyroid disease and with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) levels within the reference ranges were eligible. NCD were defined as the presence of cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus type 2, or cancer. We used multistate life tables to calculate the total LE and LE with and without NCD among TSH and FT4 tertiles, in men and women. LE estimates were obtained using prevalence, incidence rates and hazard ratios for three transitions (healthy to NCD, healthy to death and NCD to death). Analyses were adjusted for sociodemographic and cardiovascular risk factors. Results The mean (standard deviation) age of 7644 participants was 64.5 (9.7) years and 52.2% were women. Over a median follow-up of 8 years, we observed 1396 incident NCD events and 1422 deaths. Compared with those in the lowest tertile, men and women in the highest TSH tertile lived 1.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8; 2.3) and 1.5 (95% CI, 0.8; 2.2) years longer, respectively; of which 1.4 (95% CI, 0.5; 2.3) and 1.3 (95% CI, 0.3; 2.1) years with NCD. Compared with those in the lowest tertile, the difference in LE for men and women in the highest FT4 tertile was −3.7 (95% CI, −5.1 to −2.2) and −3.3 (95% CI, −4.7; −1.9), respectively; of which −1.8 (95% CI, −3.1 to −0.7) and −2.0 (95% CI, −3.4 to −0.7) years without NCD. Life expectancy in TSH and FT4 tertiles Conclusions There are meaningful differences in total LE, LE with and without NCD within the reference ranges of thyroid function. People with low-normal thyroid function live more years with and without NCD than those with high-normal thyroid function. These findings support a reevaluation of the current reference ranges of thyroid function.

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PP69 Potential Gains In Health-Adjusted Life Expectancy From Reducing Four Non-Communicable Diseases Among Chinese Elderly

International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care ◽

10.1017/s0266462319002186 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (S1) ◽

pp. 50-51

Author(s):

Shuyan Gu ◽

Xuemei Zhen ◽

Xueshan Sun ◽

Yuxuan Gu ◽

Hengjin Dong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Life Expectancy ◽

Health Planning ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Control Measures ◽

Targeted Prevention ◽

Chinese Elderly ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

Mortality And Morbidity ◽

Potential Gain ◽

The Impact

IntroductionWith the fast speed of aging, burden from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is increasing in China, and will continue to increase to 2020 and beyond. This study aims to estimate the potential gains in health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE) after hypothetical elimination of four NCDs among Chinese elderly from 1990 to 2016, including cardiovascular diseases (CVD), cancers, chronic respiratory diseases (CRD) and diabetes mellitus (DM).MethodsBased on data from Global Burden of Disease 2016, we generated life table by gender using Sullivan method to calculate HALE. Disease-deleted method was used to calculate cause-elimination HALE, after hypothetical elimination of specific diseases. This method could combine the impact of mortality and morbidity, which are particularly useful for estimating the impact of the disease and setting priorities for health planning to get ready for the new challenges in upcoming decade.ResultsFrom 1990 to 2016, HALE increased for all age groups. After hypothetically eliminating the four main NCDs, potential gain in HALE by CVD, DM and cancers increased, while CRD decreased from 1990 to 2016 for both genders. Among four main NCDs, potential gain in HALE after eliminating CVD was largest and increased most for both genders. Although elimination of DM led to the smallest gain in HALE, the increasing speed of gain in HALE by DM was faster than that by CVD and cancers from 1990 to 2016.ConclusionsThis study highlights the potential gains in HALE of NCDs among Chinese elderly from 1990 to 2016. HALE of Chinese elderly could further increase from the reduction of NCDs. Control measures and targeted prevention should be carried out to get ready for the new decade.

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Burden of non-communicable diseases in Cyprus, 1990–2017: findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study

Archives of Public Health ◽

10.1186/s13690-021-00655-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 79 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Periklis Charalampous ◽

Elena Pallari ◽

Stefanos Tyrovolas ◽

Nicos Middleton ◽

Mary Economou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Burden Of Disease ◽

Acne Vulgaris ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Global Burden Of Disease ◽

Cancer Drug ◽

Global Burden ◽

Years Of Life Lost ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

Life Years ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) accounted for over 90% of all deaths in the Cypriot population, in 2018. However, a detailed and comprehensive overview of the impact of NCDs on population health of Cyprus over the period of 1990 to 2017, expressed in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), is currently not available. Knowledge about the drivers of changes in NCD DALYs over time is paramount to identify priorities for the prevention of NCDs in Cyprus and guide evidence-based decision making. The objectives of this paper were to: 1) assess the burden of NCDs in terms of years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and DALYs in Cyprus in 2017, and 2) identify changes in the burden of NCDs in Cyprus over the 28-year period and assess the main drivers of these changes. Methods We performed a secondary database descriptive study using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 results on NCDs for Cyprus from 1990 to 2017. We calculated the percentage change of age-standardized DALY rates between 1990 and 2017 and decomposed these time trends to assess the causes of death and disability that were the main drivers of change. Results In Cyprus in 2017, 83% (15,129 DALYs per 100,000; 12,809 to 17,707 95%UI) of total DALYs were due to NCDs. The major contributors to NCD DALYs were cardiovascular diseases (16.5%), neoplasms (16.3%), and musculoskeletal disorders (15.6%). Between 1990 and 2017, age-standardized NCD DALY rates decreased by 23%. For both males and females, the largest decreases in DALY rates were observed in ischemic heart disease and stroke. For Cypriot males, the largest increases in DALY rates were observed for pancreatic cancer, drug use disorders, and acne vulgaris, whereas for Cypriot females these were for acne vulgaris, psoriasis and eating disorders. Conclusion Despite a decrease in the burden of NCDs over the period from 1990 to 2017, NCDs are still a major public health challenge. Implementation of interventions and early detection screening programmes of modifiable NCD risk factors are needed to reduce occurrence and exacerbation of leading causes of NCDs in the Cypriot population.

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Physical activity and preventable premature deaths from non-communicable diseases in Brazil

Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/pubmed/fdy183 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. e253-e260 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Leandro Fórnias Machado de Rezende ◽

Leandro Martin Totaro Garcia ◽

Grégore Iven Mielke ◽

Dong Hoon Lee ◽

Edward Giovannucci ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Gender Differences ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Physical Activity Recommendation ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

Premature Deaths ◽

Colon Cancers ◽

Insufficient Physical Activity ◽

The Impact

ABSTRACT Background Studies on the impact of counterfactual scenarios of physical activity on premature deaths from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are sparse in the literature. We estimated preventable premature deaths from NCDs (diabetes, ischemic heart disease, stroke, and breast and colon cancers) in Brazil by increasing population-wide physical activity (i) to theoretical minimum risk exposure levels; (ii) reaching the physical activity recommendation; (iii) reducing insufficient physical activity by 10%; and (iv) eliminating the gender differences in physical activity. Methods Preventable fractions were estimated using data from a nationally representative survey, relative risks from a meta-analysis and number of premature deaths (30–69 years) from the Brazilian Mortality Information System. Results Physical activity could potentially avoid up to 16 700 premature deaths from NCDs in Brazil, corresponding to 5.75 and 3.23% of premature deaths from major NCDs and of all-causes, respectively. Other scenarios suggested the following impact on premature deaths: reaching physical activity recommendation (5000 or 1.74% of major NCDs); 10% reduction in insufficient physical activity (500 or 0.17% of major NCDs); eliminating gender differences in physical activity (1000 or 0.33% of major NCDs). Conclusions Physical activity may play an important role to reduce premature deaths from NCD in Brazil.

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A BigData Analytics Framework on the Impact of Non Communicable Diseases in Kolkata

2020 International Conference on Computer, Electrical & Communication Engineering (ICCECE) ◽

10.1109/iccece48148.2020.9223099 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Supratim Bhattacharya ◽

Jayanta Poray ◽

Priyanka Debnath

Keyword(s):

Communicable Diseases ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

The Impact

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Impact of nutritional risk factors on chronic non-communicable diseases

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckz185.197 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

G Grosso

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Nutritional Risk ◽

Special Focus ◽

High Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

Dietary Risk Factors ◽

Dietary Risk ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background modifiable risk factors, can help to identify emerging threats to population health and opportunities for prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCD). Among various risk factors, poor nutrition quality has been identified as a leading determinant of NCD. Methods The Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) Study provided a comprehensive comparative risk assessment (CRA) of risk factor for NCD, quantifying the impact of behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk-outcome pairs that met the GBD study criteria for convincing or probable evidence of causation. Special focus on nutritional risk factors will be dedicated, discussing the proportion of disease-specific burden attributable to each dietary risk factor and the level of intake associated with the lowest risk of mortality. Results In 2017, over 30 million deaths were attributable to risk factors. When ranked, high systolic blood pressure was the leading risk factor, accounting for more than 10 million deaths, followed by, high fasting plasma glucose, and high body-mass index. A total of 11 million deaths were attributable to dietary risk factors. High intake of sodium, low intake of whole grains, and low intake of fruits were the leading dietary risk factors for deaths globally. However, important differences between regions and outcome (i.e., cardiovascular disease vs. cancer) have been registered. Besides the major aforementioned factors, underrated dietary risk factors, such as low calcium intake, have been found important contributors to cancer burden in certain developed countries. Interpretation The combination of increasing metabolic risks and population ageing will probably continue to drive the increasing trends in NCD at the global level. These data provide a comprehensive picture of the potential impact of suboptimal diet on NCD mortality and morbidity, highlighting the need for improving diet across nations.

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Non-communicable diseases are key to further narrow gender gap in life expectancy in Shanghai, China

10.21203/rs.2.20284/v4 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hanyi Chen ◽

Yi Zhou ◽

Lianghong Sun ◽

Yichen Chen ◽

Xiaobin Qu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Life Expectancy ◽

Gender Gap ◽

Causes Of Death ◽

Age Groups ◽

International Classification Of Diseases ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Plateau Phase ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

Chronic Respiratory Diseases

Abstract Background To address change in gender gap of life expectancy (GGLE) in Shanghai from 1973 to 2018, and to identify the major causes of death and age groups associated with the change overtime.Methods Retrospective demographic analysis with application of Joinpoint regression to evaluate the temporal trend in GGLE. Causes of death were coded in accordance with International Classification of Diseases and mapped with the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) cause list. Life table technique and decomposition method was used to express changes in GGLE.Results Trend of GGLE in Shanghai experienced two phases ie., a decrease from 8.4 to 4.2 years in the descent phase (1973-1999) and a fluctuation between 4.0 and 4.9 years in the plateau phase (1999-2018). The reduced age-specific mortality rates tended to concentrate to a narrower age range, from age 0-9 and above 30 years in the descent phase to age above 55 years in the plateau phase. Gastroesophageal and liver cancer, communicable, chronic respiratory and digestive diseases were once the major contributors to narrow GGLE in the descent phase. While importance should be attached to a widening effect on GGLE by lung cancer, cardiovascular diseases, other neoplasms like colorectal and pancreatic cancer and diabetes in recent plateau phase.Conclusions Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have made GGLE enter a plateau phase from a descent phase in Shanghai China. Public efforts to reduce excess mortalities for male NCDs, cancers, cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes in particular and health policies focused on the middle-aged and elderly population might further narrow GGLE and ensure improvement in health and health equity in Shanghai China.

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Indirect cost of non-communicable diseases deaths in the World Health Organization African Region

International Archives of Medicine ◽

10.3823/2304 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Joses Muthuri Kirigia ◽

Germano M Mwabu ◽

James Machoki M'Imunya ◽

Rosenabi Deborah Karimi Muthuri ◽

Lenity Honesty Kainyu Nkanata ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Capital ◽

Low Income ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Total Loss ◽

Human Capital Approach ◽

World Health ◽

African Region ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

Management Interventions ◽

The Impact

Background: In 2012, a total of 9 398 809 deaths from all causes occurred in the WHO African Region; out of which 2 788 381 (29.67%) were due to non-communicable diseases (NCD). The objective of this study was to estimate future gross domestic product (GDP) losses associated with NCD deaths in the African Region for use to advocate for increased investments into prevention and management of NCDs. Methods: Human capital approach is used to estimate non-health GDP losses associated with NCD deaths. Future non-health GDP losses were discounted at 3%. The analysis was done for three income groups of countries and six age groups. One-way sensitivity analysis at 5% and 10% discount rates was undertaken to assess the impact on expected non-health GDP loss estimates.Results: The 2 788 381 NCD deaths that occurred in the African Region in 2012 are estimated to have resulted in a total discounted GDP loss of Int$ 61 302 450 005. Out of that total loss, 20.36% was borne by those aged 0-4 years; 12.76% by 5-14 years; 16.64% by 15-29 years; 44.93% by 30-59 years; 2.99% by 60-69 years; and 2.33% by those aged 70 years and above. Thus, those aged between 15 and 59 years bore 61.57% of the GDP losses.Approximately 47.4%, 33.1% and 19.5% of the total loss was borne by high and upper middle-, lower middle- and low-income countries respectively. The average total non-health GDP loss was Int$ 21 985 per NCD death. The average non-health GDP lost per NCD death was Int$ 54 534 for Group 1, Int$ 21 492 for Group 2 and Int$ 9 096 for Group 3. Conclusion: Premature NCD deaths are associated with substantive GDP losses in countries of the African Region. Therefore, unless African countries and their development partners bolster their investments to assure universal population coverage of cost-effective promotive, preventive and management interventions for NCDs, prospects of achieving the United Nations General Assembly Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) might be greatly undermined in Africa.Key words: Non-communicable diseases, non-health GDP loss, NCD prevention and management, human capital approach

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