scholarly journals Integrated Disease Management of Chickpea Fusarium Wilt

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Kumar ◽  
Sangita Sahni ◽  
Bishun Deo Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Integrated Disease Management ◽  
Soil Borne Pathogens ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is one of the world’s major legume crops and suffers substantial damage from wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri( Padwick) with yield loss over 60 per cent. It is an important soil borne plant pathogen and is difficult to manage by application of chemical pesticides. Moreover, the chemical control is costly and leads to residual effect. A plethora of reports indictes the efforts made to reduce environmental effects and rationalize the use of pesticides and manage the pathogen more effectively through Integration of Disease Management (IDM). Application of soil amendments and specific bio-control agents also incorporated in IDM which has potential to suppress soil-borne pathogens through manipulation of the physicochemical and microbiological environment. Therefore, IDM approach for controlling chickpea Fusarium wilt might be a cost effective and eco-friendly approach.

Screening of Chickpea Genotypes for Resistance against Fusarium Wilt

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Kumar ◽  
Sangita Sahni ◽  
Birendra Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Legume Crops ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is one of the world’s major legume crops and suffers substantial damage from wilt disease incited by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri (Padwick) with yield loss over 60 per cent. The screening for new resistance chickpea genotypes against this disease is an alternative approach to avoid indiscriminate use of chemical pesticides. In this study 55 chickpea genotypes were screened against Fusarium wilt. Out of 55 chickpea genotypes studied, only one genotype was found to be resistant and 12 were found to be moderately resistance. Nineteen genotypes showed moderately susceptible. However, nineteen and four genotypes showed susceptible and highly susceptible reaction for wilt disease, respectively.

scholarly journals Night Spraying Peanut Fungicides I. Extended Fungicide Residual and Integrated Disease Management

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 676-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Augusto ◽  
T. B. Brenneman ◽  
A. K. Culbreath ◽  
P. Sumner
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Integrated Disease Management ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
Puccinia Arachidis ◽  
Fungicide Efficacy

The efficacy of chemical control of stem rot (caused by Sclerotium rolfsii) of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) relies partially on increasing deposition and residual activity in the lower canopy. Tebuconazole (0.21 kg a.i./ha, four applications) and azoxystrobin (0.31 kg a.i./ha, two applications) were each applied on peanut plants in daylight or at night, when leaves were folded, in two Tifton, GA, field trials in 2007. Both timings of each fungicide provided similar control of early leaf spot (caused by Cercospora arachidicola). Night applications of azoxystrobin and tebuconazole reduced stem rot at digging and increased yield compared with day applications. Night applications of tebuconazole were also tested in Nicaragua from 2005 to 2007. Peanut plants had less stem rot, similar levels of rust (caused by Puccinia arachidis), and higher yield with night applications than with day applications. Residual activity of azoxystrobin and tebuconazole were improved on the bottom shaded leaves (on which fungicides would be better deposited with night application) compared with top, sun-exposed leaves (where most fungicide would be deposited with a day application) according to a bioassay with S. rolfsii. Increased fungicide residual activity within the bottom canopy may increase fungicide efficacy on stem rot and augment peanut yield.

scholarly journals Phenolic Acid-Degrading Consortia Increase Fusarium Wilt Disease Resistance of Chrysanthemum

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 385
Author(s):  
Cheng Zhou ◽  
Zhongyou Ma ◽  
Xiaoming Lu ◽  
Lin Zhu ◽  
Jianfei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Suppressive Soil ◽  
Soil Borne Pathogens ◽  
Fusarium Wilt Disease ◽  
Pseudomonas Species ◽  
Conducive Soil

Soil microbial community changes imposed by the cumulative effects of root-secreted phenolic acids (PAs) promote soil-borne pathogen establishment and invasion under monoculture systems, but the disease-suppressive soil often exhibits less soil-borne pathogens compared with the conducive soil. So far, it remains poorly understood whether soil disease suppressiveness is associated with the alleviated negative effects of PAs, involving microbial degradation. Here, the long-term monoculture particularly shaped the rhizosphere microbial community, for example by the enrichment of beneficial Pseudomonas species in the suppressive soil and thus enhanced disease-suppressive capacity, however this was not observed for the conducive soil. In vitro PA-degradation assays revealed that the antagonistic Pseudomonas species, together with the Xanthomonas and Rhizobium species, significantly increased the efficiency of PA degradation compared to single species, at least partially explaining how the suppressive soil accumulated lower PA levels than the conducive soil. Pot experiments further showed that this consortium harboring the antagonistic Pseudomonas species can not only lower PA accumulation in the 15-year conducive soils, but also confer stronger Fusarium wilt disease suppression compared with a single inoculum with the antagonistic bacteria. Our findings demonstrated that understanding microbial community functions, beyond the single direct antagonism, facilitated the construction of active consortia for preventing soil-borne pathogens under intensive monoculture.

scholarly journals Integrated Disease Management of Grain Legumes in Algeria and Strategies of Agricultural Development: A Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Elkhalil Benzohra ◽  
Hakima Belaidi ◽  
Boualem Boumaaza ◽  
Mohamed Mégateli
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
University Of California ◽  
Integrated Disease Management ◽  
Nutritional Security ◽  
Control Chemical

Grain legumes have an important role in Algerian agriculture contributing towards food, nutritional security and sustainable farming systems. This kind of culture has a several diseases can reduce the global production and yield. Causes of these major diseases we have to propose the integrated disease management for minimize the damage caused by these diseases. The term Integrated Pest Management was first based on the concept of ‘integrated control’ given by the entomologists from University of California, who defined it as “applied pest control” which combines and integrates cultural, biological and chemical control. Chemical control was used only if necessary and in a way which was least disruptive to cultural and biological control. 

scholarly journals Standardizing Pathogenicity Assays for Fusarium Wilt Pathogens of Ornamental Palms

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (8) ◽  
pp. 1541-1548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica L. Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Inoculation Techniques ◽  
Palm Species ◽  
Washingtonia Filifera

Standardized protocols for determining pathogenicity of Fusarium oxysporum ff. spp. canariensis and palmarum, the cause of Fusarium wilt of ornamental palms, were developed using small palm plants with a minimum of three to four seedling leaves. For both protocols, a standard amount of inoculum (25 ml of 106 spores/ml) was pipetted onto and between the leaf bases of each plant, with excess material running down onto the roots and collecting in the container. After 3 days, the palm plants were transplanted into 450-ml containers filled with pine bark/sedge peat/sand potting mix. The protocol for F. oxysporum f. sp. canariensis differed from the protocol of F. oxysporum f. sp. palmarum by requiring that the lower 20% of roots be cut prior to inoculation and having the assay run for 6 months versus 3 months. These two assays were used to evaluate pathogenicity of multiple isolates of each pathogen. All 15 isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. palmarum were pathogenic, whereas only 7 of 13 F. oxysporum f. sp. canariensis isolates were pathogenic. These assays were also used to determine susceptibility of other palm species to these pathogens. Washingtonia filifera, Butia odorata, Phoenix dactylifera, and P. reclinata appeared susceptible to F. oxysporum f. sp. palmarum, at least in the seedling stage. Other inoculation techniques are described that may be useful for evaluating Fusarium wilt disease management methods.

scholarly journals ANTI-FUNGAL POTENTIAL OF CHILLI GERMPLASM AGAINST FUSARIUM WILT

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Awais Murtza ◽  
Syed A. A. Bokhari ◽  
Iqra Kanwal ◽  
Yasir Ali ◽  
Tanvir Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Infection Frequency ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Anti Fungal ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Successful Production

Fusarium wilt caused by F. oxysporum f.sp. capsici is a potential risk to successful production of chilli in Pakistan and causes huge yield loss. In present study, fifteen varieties/ lines were assessed against Fusarium wilt disease under Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in the trial area of Department of Pla­nt Pathology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad for a long time amid 2012-2013 and 2013-2014. Results showed that none of variety showed highly resistant response towards disease. Gola peshawari showed resistant response with 5.1% infection frequency while six varieties i.e. Talhari (10.30), Harmal (13.26), Neelum (14.46), Burewala (20.13), Sanam (15.10) and FSD-1 (18.43) showed moderately resistant response. Four varieties i.e. FSD-2 (28.10), Ghotki (25.167%), KA-2 (23.133%), Tatapuri (V%), expressed moderately susceptible response with rating three and four varieties/lines i.e. Arunalu (40.33), NARC-4 (35.66), Sabazperi (32.13) and Skyline (30.50) expressed vulnerable response with score 4 to Fusarium wilt.

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