Sensitivity of Soil Water in Community Atmosphere Model (CAM3) for Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM)

International Journal of Environment and Climate Change ◽

10.9734/ijecc/2020/v10i1230317 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 397-410

Author(s):

Sukanta Kumar Das

Keyword(s):

Soil Water ◽

Summer Monsoon ◽

Indian Summer Monsoon ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Community Atmosphere Model ◽

Accumulated Rainfall ◽

Dry Soil ◽

Atmosphere Model ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

The study has been attempted to investigate the relationship between the soil-water and the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) rainfall through the simulation of a global climate model named Community Atmosphere Model (CAM3). Two sets of simulation have been done during monsoon season for the years 2009 to 2012 using the pre-monsoon (May) and the previous winter season (December of previous year) state of soil-water as the model initial conditions. The control simulation and four sensitivity cases assuming 25% and 50% dryer and wetter soil-water respectively have been considered for all the aforesaid four years and for both the set of experiments. It has been observed that the impact of upper level soil-water persist for 15 to 20 days of simulation during the summer monsoon; the middle and lower layer soil state persist for a longer period of time due to its slow-varying nature with time. The daily surface temperature shows strong coupling with the upper layer of soil-water. When taken into comparison with the wet soil conditions, the dry soil state in most of the circumstances causes less rainfall. The Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) and partial correlation technique have been implied to demonstrate the relationship between the daily soil-water columns, subsequent 30-days accumulated rainfall and past 21-days accumulated rainfall. Strong negative correlation has been reported between the soil-water and subsequent 30-days accumulated (All-India Rainfall) AIR for different simulation cases with dry soil conditions; however, the relation weakened and turned positive over some parts of the region for the simulations with wet soil conditions.

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Assessment of Indian summer monsoon simulation by Community Atmosphere Model (CAM3)

Theoretical and Applied Climatology ◽

10.1007/s00704-011-0565-y ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 109 (1-2) ◽

pp. 81-94 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Sukanta Kumar Das ◽

Sanjib Kumar Deb ◽

C. M. Kishtawal ◽

P. K. Pal

Keyword(s):

Summer Monsoon ◽

Indian Summer Monsoon ◽

Community Atmosphere Model ◽

Atmosphere Model

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Theoretical aspects of the onset of Indian summer monsoon from perturbed orography simulations in a GCM

Annales Geophysicae ◽

10.5194/angeo-24-2075-2006 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 24 (8) ◽

pp. 2075-2089 ◽

Cited By ~ 56

Author(s):

A. Chakraborty ◽

R. S. Nanjundiah ◽

J. Srinivasan

Keyword(s):

Summer Monsoon ◽

Indian Summer Monsoon ◽

General Circulation ◽

Large Scale ◽

Vertical Motion ◽

Circulation Model ◽

Threshold Value ◽

The Earth ◽

Static Energy ◽

The Impact

Abstract. A theory is proposed to determine the onset of the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) in an Atmospheric General Circulation Model (AGCM). The onset of ISM is delayed substantially in the absence of global orography. The impact of orography over different parts of the Earth on the onset of ISM has also been investigated using five additional perturbed simulations. The large difference in the date of onset of ISM in these simulations has been explained by a new theory based on the Surface Moist Static Energy (SMSE) and vertical velocity at the mid-troposphere. It is found that onset occurs only after SMSE crosses a threshold value and the large-scale vertical motion in the middle troposphere becomes upward. This study shows that both dynamics and thermodynamics play profound roles in the onset of the monsoon.

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The impact of wheat stubble on evaporation from a sandy soil

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp08448 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 60 (8) ◽

pp. 730 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

P. R. Ward ◽

K. Whisson ◽

S. F. Micin ◽

D. Zeelenberg ◽

S. P. Milroy

Keyword(s):

Soil Water ◽

Sandy Soil ◽

Water Storage ◽

Soil Water Storage ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Adjacent Area ◽

Stubble Retention ◽

Dry Conditions ◽

Wheat Stubble ◽

The Impact

In Mediterranean-type climates, dryland soil water storage and evaporation during the hot and dry summer are poorly understood, particularly for sandy-textured soils. Continued evaporation during summer, and any effects of crop stubble management, could have a significant impact on annual components of the water balance and crop yield. In this research, the effect of wheat stubble management on summer evaporation and soil water storage was investigated for a sandy soil in south-western Australia, during the summers of 2005–06 and 2006–07. Treatments comprised: retained standing stubble; retained flattened stubble; removed stubble; and removed stubble followed by burying the crowns with topsoil from an adjacent area. Under ‘dry’ conditions, evaporation continued at ~0.2 mm/day. In contrast to previous results for finer textured soil types, stubble retention did not decrease the rate of evaporation, but marginally (10–30%) increased evaporation on 7 out of 14 days when measurements were taken. Significant differences due to stubble management were observed in two successive summers, but only for relatively dry soil conditions. There were no significant differences observed for several days after irrigation or rainfall. Under dry conditions in the absence of rainfall, total decrease in water storage during a 90-day summer period could be ~20 mm, but differences attributable to stubble management are likely to be a few mm.

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Earthworms are little affected by reduced soil tillage methods in vineyards

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/160/2017-pse ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 63 (No. 6) ◽

pp. 257-263 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Faber Florian ◽

Wachter Elisabeth ◽

Zaller Johann G

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Soil Temperature ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Reduced Tillage ◽

No Tillage ◽

Dry Soil ◽

The Impact ◽

Tillage Methods ◽

Erosion Prevention

Inter-rows in vineyards are commonly tilled in order to control weeds and/or to conserve water. While impacts of tillage on earthworms are well studied in arable systems, very little is known from vineyards. In an experimental vineyard, the impact of four reduced tillage methods on earthworms was examined: rotary hoeing, rotary harrowing, grubbing and no tillage. According to an erosion prevention programme, tillage was applied every other inter-row only while alternating rows retained vegetated. Earthworms were extracted from the treated inter-rows 10, 36, 162 and 188 days after tillage. Across dates, tillage methods had no effect on overall earthworm densities or biomass. Considering each sampling date separately, earthworm densities were affected only at day 36 after tillage leading to lower densities under rotary hoeing (150.7 ± 42.5 worms/m2) and no tillage (117.3 ± 24.8 worms/m2) than under rotary harrowing (340.0 ± 87.4 worms/m2) and grubbing (242.7 ± 43.9 worms/m2). Time since tillage significantly increased earthworm densities or biomass, and affected soil moisture and temperature. Across sampling dates, earthworm densities correlated positively with soil moisture and negatively with soil temperature; individual earthworm mass increased with increasing time since tillage. It was concluded that reduced tillage in vineyards has little impact on earthworms when applied in spring under dry soil conditions.

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The Relationship between Soil Moisture and LAI in Different Types of Soil in Central Eastern China

Journal of Hydrometeorology ◽

10.1175/jhm-d-15-0240.1 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 17 (11) ◽

pp. 2733-2742 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Li Liu ◽

Renhe Zhang ◽

Zhiyan Zuo

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Soil Moisture ◽

Soil Water ◽

Water Retention ◽

Eastern China ◽

Soil Water Retention ◽

Different Types ◽

Central Eastern ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

Abstract As important parameters in the land–atmosphere system, both soil moisture (SM) and vegetation play a significant role in land–atmosphere interactions. Using observational data from clay and sand stations over central eastern China, the relationship between leaf area index (LAI) and SM (LAI–SM) in different types of soil was investigated. The results show that the LAI–SM correlation is significantly positive in clay but not significant in sand. The physical causes for the discrepant LAI–SM correlations in different types of soil were explored from the perspectives of evapotranspiration (ET) and soil water retention. In clay stations, increasing LAI is associated with greater soil-water-retention capacity. Although the increasing LAI corresponds to increasing ET, the impact of ET on SM is weak because of the small particle size of soil. Consequently, the LAI–SM relationship in clay is significantly positive. In sand stations, ET is negatively correlated with SM owing to the large soil particle size, resulting in a negative LAI–SM correlation in sand. However, soil water retention is weakened by the increased LAI, which may be an important factor causing the insignificant LAI–SM correlation in sand.

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Soil water drying and recharge rates as affected by tillage under continuous barley and barley-canola cropping systems in northwestern Canada

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/s00-029 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 81 (1) ◽

pp. 45-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

R H Azooz ◽

M A Arshad

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Soil Water ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Time Domain Reflectometry ◽

Sandy Loam Soil ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Silt Loam ◽

Silt Loam Soil ◽

Loam Soil ◽

The Impact

In areas of the northwestern Canadian Prairies, barley and canola are grown in a short growing season with high rainfall variability. Excessively dry soil in conventional tillage (CT) in dry periods and excessively wet soil in no-tillage (NT) in wet periods could cause a significant decrease in crop production by influencing the availability of soil water. The effects of CT, NT and NT with a 7.5-cm residue-free strip on the planting rows (NTR) on soil water drying (–dW/dt) and recharge (dW/dt) rates were studied in 1992 and 1993 during wet and dry periods to evaluate the impact of NTR, NT and CT systems on soil moisture condition. The soils, Donnelly silt loam and Donnelly sandy loam (both Gray Luvisol) were selected and soil water content by depth was measured by time domain reflectometry. Water retained at 6 matric potentials from –5 to –160 kPa were observed. In the field study, –dW/dt was significantly greater in CT than in NT in the silt loam for the 0- to 30-cm layer during the first 34 d after planting in 1992. The 0- to 30-cm soil layer in CT and NTR dried faster than in NT during a period immediately following heavy rainfall in the silt loam in 1993. The drying coefficient (–Kd ) was significantly greater in CT and NTR than in NT in the silt loam soil in 1993 and in the sandy loam soil in 1992 in the top 30-cm depth. The recharge coefficient (Kr) was significantly greater in NT and NTR than in CT for the silt loam soil. The NTR system increased the –dW/dt by 1.2 × 10-2 to 12.1 × 10-2 cm d-1 in 1992 and 1993 in the silt loam soil and by 10.2 × 10-2 cm d-1 in 1993 in the sandy loam soil as compared with NT. The dW/dt was 8.1 × 10-2 cm d-1 greater in NTR in 1992 and 1993 in the silt loam soil and was 1.9 × 10-2 greater in NTR in 1992 than in CT in the sandy loam soil. The laboratory study indicated that NT soils retained more water than the CT soils. The NTR practice maintained better soil moisture conditions for crop growth than CT in dry periods than NT in wet periods. Compared with NT, the NTR avoided prolonged near-saturated soil conditions with increased soil drying rate under extremely wet soil. Key words: Water drying, water recharge, water depletion, wet and drying periods, hydraulic properties, soil capacity to retain water

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On the relationship between Indian summer monsoon withdrawal and Indo-Pacific SST anomalies before and after 1976/1977 climate shift

Climate Dynamics ◽

10.1007/s00382-011-1269-9 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 39 (3-4) ◽

pp. 841-859 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

C. T. Sabeerali ◽

Suryachandra A. Rao ◽

R. S. Ajayamohan ◽

Raghu Murtugudde

Keyword(s):

Summer Monsoon ◽

Indian Summer Monsoon ◽

Climate Shift ◽

Before And After ◽

The Relationship ◽

Sst Anomalies

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An assessment of the impact of Indian summer monsoon droughts on atmospheric aerosols and associated radiative forcing at a semi-arid station in peninsular India

The Science of The Total Environment ◽

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152683 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 152683

Author(s):

Raja Obul Reddy Kalluri ◽

Lokeswara Reddy Thotli ◽

Balakrishnaiah Gugamsetty ◽

Rama Gopal Kotalo ◽

Bhavyasree Akkiraju ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Summer Monsoon ◽

Indian Summer Monsoon ◽

Atmospheric Aerosols ◽

Radiative Forcing ◽

Peninsular India ◽

The Impact ◽

Semi Arid

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Methods to determine the impact of rainfall on fuels and burned area in southern African savannas

International Journal of Wildland Fire ◽

10.1071/wf08207 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 19 (6) ◽

pp. 774 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

S. Archibald ◽

A. Nickless ◽

R. J. Scholes ◽

R. Schulze

Keyword(s):

Southern Africa ◽

Linear Models ◽

Burned Area ◽

Rainfall Index ◽

Occurrence Data ◽

Accumulated Rainfall ◽

Input Variables ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

In southern African savannas, grass production, and therefore the annual extent of fire, is highly dependent on rainfall. This response has repeatedly been noted in the literature but authors used different input variables and modelling approaches and the results are not comparable. Using long-term fire occurrence data from six protected areas in southern Africa we tested various methods for determining the relationship between antecedent rainfall and burned area. The types of regression model, the most appropriate index of accumulated rainfall, and the period over which to calculate annual burned area were all investigated. The importance of accumulating rainfall over more than one growing season was verified in all parks – improving the accuracy of the models by up to 30% compared with indices that only used the previous year’s rainfall. Up to 56% of the variance in burned area between years could be explained by an 18-month accumulated rainfall index. Linear models and probit models performed equally well. The method suggested in this paper can be applied across southern Africa. This will improve our understanding of the drivers of interannual variation in burned area in this globally important fire region.

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